Critical Analysis of Increasingly Mathematical Economics in the Modern Society

This paper critically examines the escalating trend of mathematization in economics,highlighting its implications and controversies in contemporary economic research.While the application of sophisticated mathematical models and statistical techniques has enhanced the precision,rigor,and status of economics within academia and practical application,concerns arise regarding the potential oversimplification and detachment from real-world complexities.The adoption of mathematical tools has arguably led to a focus on theoretically tractable problems at the expense of those more relevant to practical economic and social issues.This paper explores both the benefits and limitations of this trend,discussing how the reliance on quantitative methods affects the innovation,comprehensibility,and application of economic theories.We argue for a balanced approach that fosters innovation by integrating qualitative insights and embracing interdisciplinary methods to ensure economics remains both rigorous and relevant to societal needs.

Beyond Equations:The Challenge of Mathematical Rigor in Economics

The mathematical approach is threatening the progress of economics,as it tends to disregard the complexity of economic behaviour and the unpredictability of human actions.——Friedrich Hayek The reliance on mathematical models in economics has long been debated,with critics arguing that this approach fails to capture the complexity of human behavior and the unpredictability of economic systems.While mathematics provides a structured method for analyzing economic processes,it often simplifies decision-making to a one-dimensional utility function,neglecting social,psychological,and political influences.This paper examines the limitations of classical and neoclassical economic theories that heavily depend on mathematical rigor,highlighting the pitfalls of models like the Rational Agent Model,General Equilibrium Theory,and Expected Utility Theory.Drawing on examples such as the 2008 financial crisis and the Terra/Luna cryptocurrency collapse,the paper demonstrates how over-reliance on equations has led to inaccurate predictions and ineffective policy decisions.It calls for a more interdisciplinary approach that integrates insights from psychology and sociology to address the gaps left by traditional mathematical economics.

The Intersection of Privacy by Design and Behavioral Economics: Nudging Users towards Privacy-Friendly Choices

This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.

Research on the Optimization Paths for Outstanding Agricultural Economics and Management Talents under the Background of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

The article aims to discuss how to cultivate outstanding agricultural economics and management talents to meet the needs of agricultural and rural economic development in the new era,within the context of ideological and political education.Through literature review and field research,a series of innovative talent training optimization paths are proposed,and specific suggestions are made for policymakers and educational practitioners.

水肥一体化模式下不同水肥套餐对蜜柚产量、品质及经济效益的影响

通过2020—2022年定位试验,研究水肥一体化条件下不同水肥套餐对蜜柚产量、品质及经济效益等的影响,为探索和实践蜜柚水肥一体化施肥模式提供依据。对平和蜜柚高低产园分别设置4种处理方式:(1)TF(常规施肥)、(2)30%WF(30%水肥套餐)、(3)50%WF(50%水肥套餐)、(4)70%WF(70%水肥套餐)。2020—2022年定位试验结果表明:水溶肥套餐不同程度减量施肥对蜜柚产量影响差异显著,高低产园年平均产量影响均为:70%W>50%WF>TF>30%WF;高产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为12.43%、24.67;低产园50%WF、70%WF处理比TF处理年平均增产率分别为15.05%、26.80%;高、低产园蜜柚年平均产量均以70%WF处理最高(高产园67845.5 kg/hm^(2)、低产园53495.5 kg/hm^(2)),低产园增产幅度大于高产园;高、低产园中年平均次果率均以70%WF效果最佳(高产园5.71%、低产园4.67%)。高、低产园不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理对蜜柚果肉粒化率无显著影响,但对单果重、果肉重影响较为显著;且不同水溶肥套餐施肥处理蜜柚裂果率年际变异大;70%水溶肥套餐施肥明显改善了蜜柚基本农艺性状,提高单果重,降低裂果率。2021、2021年高、低产园中4种处理可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸度增减幅度不大,各处理间差异不显著;70%水溶肥套餐蜜柚各品质指标均为最佳。高产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收30.58%、47.79%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(4.29∶1),较TF处理高1.31倍。低产园50%WF、70%WF处理年平均最终净收益较TF处理分别增收40.41%、59.67%。年平均产投比以70%WF处理最高(3.63∶1),比TF处理高1.17倍;高、低产园中均以70%水溶肥套餐处理经济效益最高,低产园经济效益增幅大于高产园。水肥一体化模式下不同水肥套餐减量施肥具有提高蜜柚产量、经济效益和改善品质等效果,且在高低产园中蜜柚施用70%WF处理对提高蜜柚产量、经济效益和改善品质等效果最好,为最佳施肥处理,推荐应用。

欧盟碳关税对中国的经贸冲击及应对策略

开征碳税对我国应对欧盟碳关税、促进产业绿色转型具有重要意义。论文基于投入产出法计算隐含碳排放强度,采用GTAP模型研究欧盟碳关税对我国的经贸冲击和我国开征碳税应对欧盟碳关税的实施效果。结果表明:我国不开征国内碳税时,随着欧盟碳关税税率的提高和征税范围的扩大,对我国经济贸易的冲击更大,有利于我国行业低碳转型;我国开征碳税后,从经济角度看,短期内碳税税率为10美元/吨和征税范围为CBAM覆盖范围内的行业时,对我国经济贸易的负面冲击较小。从低碳转型角度看,碳税税率为30美元/吨和仅对CBAM覆盖范围内的行业征税时,更加有利于我国高碳行业低碳转型。从整体角度看,我国对CBAM覆盖范围内的行业征收10美元/吨的碳税,更加有利于应对欧盟碳关税的威胁。

产油酵母的研究现状与展望

生物能源是从生物来源的材料制成的可再生能源,主要分为生物质能、生物燃料、生物气体三大类,具有绿色、低碳、清洁、可再生等优点.微生物油作为第三代生物柴油,有可能成为传统化石燃料的绿色替代品,是缓解能源挑战和环境问题的研究热点.本文综述产油酵母油脂合成与调控机制以及代谢工程等研究进展.产油酵母作为微生物油生产的主体,其异柠檬酸脱氢酶的活性依赖一磷酸腺苷(AMP),使得它们在限氮条件下大量积累油脂;酵母积累油脂受到各种条件的影响(比如碳氮源、温度、溶氧、pH值等),相关碳氮源利用与胁迫调控转录因子GAT1、MIG1、ASG1、MYB、GRAS、CBF11、TORC1 bHLH8和PHD等也调控其脂代谢.但产油酵母相对于酿酒酵母来说,其油脂合成机制与遗传背景依旧不清晰,限制了其工业化应用.因此,未来还需要加强微生物油生产技术的研究,从提高菌株鲁棒性、增加经济性代谢副产物产量、提高廉价底物利用能力等方面降低微生物油的生产成本,使其成为传统化石燃料的有效替代品.

开发区升格政策能促进企业创新增量提质吗?

通过构建多时点DID模型实证检验开发区升格政策对企业创新数量和创新质量的影响,结果表明:省级开发区升格通过降低制度性交易成本、提升市场化程度和加速创新要素流入对企业创新产出数量和产出质量产生促进作用,该政策对非民营企业、非高技术制造行业、高新区和小规模城市的作用效果更强。因此,要充分发挥开发区“以升促建”的创新激励效应,不仅要注重有为政府和有效市场的结合,还要根据城市固有经济特征优化开发区制度环境。

多情景视角下丝绸之路经济带沿线省份碳达峰预测

基于碳达峰碳中和目标的战略背景,结合“共建绿色丝绸之路”的时代倡议,考虑丝绸之路经济带国内沿线省份的产业发展态势,运用STIRPAT拓展模型,构建碳排放量与各影响因素的预测模型,进一步设置不同情景模式,预测丝绸之路经济带沿线省份2021—2040年的碳达峰趋势。结果表明:(1)能源消耗水平对碳排放的影响最大,是影响丝绸之路经济带沿线省份碳达峰的最重要因素。(2)技术突破模式下,丝绸之路经济带沿线省份在2030年实现碳达峰,峰值4808.43×106吨;政策调控和数字经济模式下,丝绸之路经济带沿线省份在2035年实现碳达峰,峰值分别为5519.46×106吨和4988.32×106吨;基准模式下,丝绸之路经济带沿线省份未能实现碳达峰。(3)内蒙古、陕西和新疆是碳达峰重点关注区,应加快政策落地、加大技术突破、加强数字经济,确保如期实现碳达峰。

成渝地区双城经济圈旅游共生水平测度及协同发展研究

基于共生理论和社会网络分析,从成渝地区旅游同质度、关联度、外向功能强度3个维度测评并分析成渝地区双城经济圈旅游业共生水平现状.通过分析得出:成渝地区双城经济圈旅游业的同质度和重合度均较高,成都市、重庆主城区、渝西毗邻片区3个片区处于成渝双城经济圈旅游共生的中心主导地位,成都是连接四川省其他地区和重庆片区的桥梁.广安市、达州市、资阳市与重庆地区虽联系较多,但是外向功能强度不高,还未发挥出旅游的带动和桥梁作用.成渝地区双城经济圈中旅游关系存在4个子群,重庆地区与川南地区子群具有较强的影响力,川东北与重庆毗邻地区是最具潜力子群.据此,从建立分工基础上的对称互惠一体化共生模式、营造良好的旅游市场一体化共生环境、打破行政区划创造多元旅游共生界面3个方面提出成渝地区双城经济圈旅游共生发展的对策建议.

长江经济带大气污染密集型企业时空格局演变及影响因素

产业集聚具有促进区域经济增长和产生环境污染的双重效应。基于“两控区”政策期间工业企业污染匹配数据,以长江经济带1998年、2005年、2012年大气污染密集型企业为研究对象,利用百度地图API接口进行企业地址匹配,运用GIS空间邻近分析、空间自相关分析和空间计量模型研究大气污染密集型企业分布模式、空间集聚特征及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)长江经济带大气污染密集型企业数量不断增长,空间分布呈现明显的集聚特征,总体符合“中心—外围”结构模式;(2)区县大气污染密集型企业数量变化存在显著的正向空间自相关,热点区域为上海、江苏、浙江;(3)产业集聚对其企业数量时空变化的影响随时间逐渐增强,劳动力和边界效应与企业新增量关系显著,环境规制作用存在地区差异。

Simulation Modelling and Techno-Economics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle

In recent years, there has been global interest in meeting targets relating to energy affordability and security while taking into account greenhouse gas emissions. This has heightened major interest in potential investigations into the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Climate change mitigation is the ultimate driver for this increased interest;other relevant issues include the potential for high cycle efficiency and a circular economy. In this study, a 25 MWe recompression closed Brayton cycle (RCBC) has been assessed, and sCO2 has been proposed as the working fluid for the power plant. The methodology used in this research work comprises thermodynamic and techno-economic analysis for the prospective commercialization of this sCO2 power cycle. An evaluated estimation of capital expenditure, operational expenditure, and cost of electricity has been considered in this study. The ASPEN Plus simulation results have been compared with theoretical and mathematical calculations to assess the performance of the compressors, turbine, and heat exchangers. The results thus reveal that the cycle efficiency for this prospective sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle increases (39% - 53.6%) as the temperature progressively increases from 550˚C to 900˚C. Data from the Aspen simulation model was used to aid the cost function calculations to estimate the total capital investment cost of the plant. Also, the techno-economic results have shown less cost for purchasing equipment due to fewer components being required for the cycle configuration as compared to the conventional steam power plant.

数字经济赋能区域低碳发展:影响效应与作用机制

数字经济是重塑区域经济的重要驱动力量,厘清其赋能区域低碳发展的作用机制具有重要意义。基于2011—2021年中国省域面板数据,在测度数字经济与区域全要素碳生产率的基础上,实证研究了数字经济对区域全要素碳生产率的影响及作用机制。研究发现:数字经济发展能够显著提升区域低碳经济,一系列稳健性检验表明该结论成立;异质性检验表明,数字经济对中国东、中部地区低碳经济具有显著促进作用,且东部地区数字经济的影响效应明显高于中部地区,而西部地区的数字经济对低碳经济出现“负能”效应,区域经济发展水平和数字化发展水平越高,数字经济赋能区域低碳经济发展的效果越显著;数字经济的发展有利于提升区域绿色技术创新能力、经济集聚水平和数字基础设施建设水平,三者在数字经济赋能区域低碳经济的过程中起到中介作用。地方政府应因地制宜加强数字化基础设施建设并多维度弥合区域数字鸿沟,同时发挥绿色技术进步与经济集聚的桥梁纽带作用,融通数字经济赋能区域低碳发展的传导路径。

Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

双城经济圈背景下成渝两地对四川省内高速路充电站利用率影响研究

近年来,为了助推新能源汽车产业的发展,全国各地都在不断完善新能源汽车的充电设施建设。而随着成渝双城经济圈的不断发展,来往两地的新能源汽车也大大增加。在此背景下,本文利用蜀道畅充和高德地图APP,对省内171个高速公路充电站的利用率进行了研究。通过计算发现虽然目前省内高速路充电站利用率还不高,但成渝两市对充电站利用率存在影响。其影响因素包括到成都市的距离,是否为连接两地的高速线路,以及通往成都、重庆高速路的方向等。上述结论为两地今后更加合理规划、建设高速路充电站提供了参考依据。

浅析《Public Economics》双语教学中的主要问题及对策

《Public Economics》作为研究公共部门经济的科学,是经济类学生,尤其是财政学专业学生所必修的一门双语课程。自2002年开始教授这门课程以来,在近十年的教学实践中,笔者发现有一些共性问题一直存在,在很大程度上成为了困扰、甚至妨碍该门双语教学课程课堂教学质量和总体效果的主要因素。本文在对这些问题进行阐释的基础上,提出若干应对之策,希与各位同仁交流和商榷。

Economics of Language behind Catchwords

The integration of linguistics and economics, economics of language, is a new peripheral subject based on theory of west ern human capital and educational economics. Catchwords which reflect many theories of economics of language enter into people's scope of research. Study of catchword is of great significance for the enrichment of research of human language.

塑造认知:无障碍政策的宣导策略与优化路径——基于《深圳经济特区无障碍城市建设条例》的考察

无障碍环境建设不仅是社会文明进步的重要标志,也是城市文明程度的重要标杆。无障碍政策的宣传与倡导不仅改变社会大众的认知,同时也是助推无障碍政策实施的重要力量。从社会认知视角出发,通过对全国首部无障碍城市立法《深圳经济特区无障碍城市建设条例》出台前宣导策略与传播状况进行考察,试图探究前置传播机制如何推动无障碍政策的认知与接受。研究发现,抓住关键节点宣传无障碍城市理念,利用社交媒体推广无障碍城市行动,举办红黑榜单引领参与无障碍建设,汇聚社会舆论共识促进无障碍立法,发挥着塑造认知的重要作用。然而,在政策的前置传播过程中,仍然存在残联作为主要宣导力量,其他部门参与不够;关键节点宣导活动很多,日常宣导频率不足;社交媒体宣导效果有限,尚未形成传播矩阵等宣导困境。基于此,构建党政统筹和责任落实的跨部门协同机制、思路转变和长效推动的日常持续性机制、技术赋权和社交进入的全民性参与机制成为优化无障碍政策认知提升的宣导路径。

“Introduction to Economics”留学生英文授课精品课程建设实践与探索

随着中国"一带一路"倡议的推进和高等教育国际化的发展,高职层次商科留学生人数迅速增加,相应的英文授课课程建设迅速涌现。本文对江苏高校留学生精品课程"Introduction to Economics"的课程定位、课程内容设置、教学资源建设、教学方法使用、考核评价方式等建设过程进行了总结,并提出了进一步强化建设效果的设想,为高职商科全英文授课课程建设提供参考。

失效的“压舱石”:经济安全化的现实转向

经济安全化是国家通过安全叙述将非安全的经济议题转化为安全议题的过程。在国家认为经济合作的收益将损害其在权力竞争中的整体所得时,或者在国家间政治外交关系遇到巨大震荡或冲击时,国家安全逻辑会超越经济逻辑而生效。此时,安全与经济问题在刻意煽动下交织碰撞,国家间密切的经贸关系不仅难以成为管控两国矛盾与分歧的“压舱石”,反而会被国家视作现存的“安全威胁”,成为某些国家中断或破坏双边政治经济联系的借口与手段。国家间存在的经济相互依赖关系也会随之成为安全化操纵国维护与拓展权力、进行地缘政治竞争和打击、操纵他国的战略性工具。因此,文章以存在紧密经济相互依赖的中美与俄欧关系为案例,在比较中美、俄欧之间不同经济安全化动因的基础上,分析经济安全化转向背后的选择逻辑,为中国更好地应对经济安全化挑战、更有针对性地发挥“经济压舱石”作用提供一定思考。