Evolution paths of green economy modes and their trend of hypercycle economy

So far there is a lack of specialized research on the entire path and the law of the evolution of green economy modes,especially studies on its future trend.Some studies have been done only on its sub-process,in which there are some shortcomings such as overlapping and incomplete classification of economy modes,as well as the lack of mechanism models to describe the modes.This paper attempts to solve those problems.Firstly,various green economy modes are extracted and classified,and then their evolution paths are identified and reviewed,according to sustainable development theory,hypercycle theory,etc.,and to practical investigation.Secondly,theoretical models for each green economy mode and their multilevel dynamic evolution models in a practical field(forestry as an example)are established by the modeling method of system structure.Finally,the evolution law of green economy mode is analyzed systematically by means of the above-mentioned models.According to the research,some conclusions are drawn as follows:First,green economy modes have evolved through three stages as a whole.The first is the start-up stage,in which the mode is the‘from cradle to grave’end-treatment green economy(GE-I).The second is the growth stage,in which the mode is the‘from cradle to cradle’resources-chain closed-loop green economy(GE-Ⅱ).The third is the mature stage,in which the mode will be the‘from breeding to breeding‘three-chain hypercycle economy(GE-Ⅲ).Second,GEⅡhas evolved through a specific process.In depth,the basic framework of GEⅡis based on the circular economy theory;and then it is combined gradually with some other relevant theories and technologies that are cleaner production,low-carbon economy and sharing economy and so on.In breadth,GE-Ⅱis expanded layer by layer from unified enterprise GE-Ⅱto diversified enterprise(or cluster)GE-Ⅱ,and to societal GE-Ⅱ.The operational principle of GE-Ⅱcan be described by 3R theoretical model that includes 3 subsystems of reduction,recycle and reuse(3R),which are connected into an organic whole by resources chain.Third,GE-Ⅲis evolving through a specific process of three-chain(3C)stage by stage expansion,from resources-chain primary hypercycle to eco-chain secondary hypercycle,and to value-chain tertiary hypercycle.The operational principle of GE-Ⅲcan be described by 5R-3C theoretical model that includes 5 subsystems of reduction,recycle,reuse,recultivation and reallocation(5R),which are connected into an environment-economy self organizing system by resources chain,ecochain and value chain.In the system,resources chain is the foundation,eco-chain is the support,and value chain is the impetus.The 3C hypercycle promotes and catalyze each other to realize mutualism between ecosystem and industrial system.Fourth,the related field of GEⅢincludes the principal part of renewable-resource-based industry,and the expanded part of other relevant industries and even the whole society.Now in practice,GE-Ⅲhas initially formed.And in the future,it is the development tendency of green economy toward the establishment of the ecological civilization.

Economy supervision mode of electricity market and its incentive mechanism

The analysis of a supervision environment is the first step for a company to enter the new electricity market. Transmission and distribution assets are the main investment targets of a company. The overseas power market belongs to the regulated industry;whether it is a stock M&A project or a green land bidding project, the regulatory environment determines the assets. The level of return and investment risk that guides the operation strategy of existing overseas assets, has a significant impact on the investment and operations of international companies. A comprehensive and rapid assessment of the regulatory environment can help the project teams of international companies understand the macroenvironment of the target electricity market within a short period, quickly identify investment risks, qualitatively analyze the return level of the underlying assets, shorten the decision time, capture investment opportunities, and enhance the team. Efficiency and quality of work are factors of great importance.

Controlling Agricultural Tridimensional Pollution through Circular Economy Mechanism

Agricultural tridimensional pollution （AtriP） has multi-directional and complicated chains. Circular economy is found to be an efficient mechanism that can help control AtriP. The application of three circular economic modes in agriculture and its related industries call not only interdict the AtriP chains in different stages and different directions, but also produce greater ecological, social and economical returns with less input. Nevertheless, it is a complicated systematic engineering to construct and implement effective circular economic modes to bring AtriP under control, and it depends not only on the support of the relevant technology system, but also on the supports of the relevant policies and law systems.

Green Economy, Green Capitalism and the Imperial Mode of Living： Limits to a Prominent Strategy, Contours of a Possible New Capitalist Formation

Since some years, the strategy of a Green Economy as a current form of ecological modernization was proposed. The paper highlights the core issues of the concept and its structural constraints. Several constraints of a far-reaching realization of a Green Economy are presented, and one constraint is highlighted, i.e., the imperial mode of （production and） living. The latter gives emphasis to the continuous and largely unquestioned access to products produced by cheap labor and under environmentally problematic conditions. This mode of living, the paper argues, is also attractive among the upper and middle classed in countries with emerging economies like China. Moreover, it compares it with the concept of sustainable development which emerged some 15 years ago. Like sustainable development, proposals for a Green Economy might become ＂a tranquilizing dis- positive＂ in order to silence doubt and criticisms. However, it is argued that, despite the improbability of realizing the ambitious objectives, the Green Economy strategy might contribute to further capitalist development. Environmental issues might be integrated into the mode of production and living. However, given capitalist and imperial structures and dynamics, this will occur in highly selective and partial ways. The author calls this emerging constellation and possible new mode of development in some countries or regions of the world Green Capitalism.