Developing remanufacturing engineering,constructing cycle economy and building saving-oriented society

In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development way, save resource and improve environment, our nation has been advocating to construct the cycle economy and saving-oriented society. Taking the remanufacturing engineering as the representative, the “4R” rule (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture) is the important measure to get the goal. Remanufacturing engineering is the industrialization of high-tech maintenance of the waste and worn productions, and is one of the most active factors in “4R”. The development of high and new technology takes the important effect to promote the remanufacturing engineering.

Exploring the Integration of Digital Intelligence into the Whole Process of Ideological and Political Education of Political Economy Course in Colleges and Universities

The fusion of digital technology and education has ushered in an era of intelligent educational environment.The course of Political Economy in colleges and universities not only imparts economic knowledge and cultivates financial quotient,but also bears the important task of improving students ideological and moral character.It is worth exploring how to effectively use digital technology to integrate ideological and political education into political economy more accurately.On the basis of building the ideological and political education system of political economy course,this paper explores the practical path of ideological and political education in the era of digital intelligence from three aspects:"before class","during class"and"after class".

The Inheritance of Hardt and Negri to Marx’s Thought: From the Critique of Political Economy to Biopolitical Critique

In the Empire Series,Hardt and Negri attempt to develop biopolitical critique to contemporary capitalist society.Hardt and Negri develop their own biopolitical critique based on their understanding of Foucauldian biopolitics.In the meantime,many arguments of biopolitical critique come precisely from Marx’s critique of political economy.Identifying biopolitical production as the hegemonic paradigm of contemporary capitalist production,Hardt and Negri accomplish the transition from the critique of political economy to biopolitical critique.However,such assertion does not mean a major rupture in the relation between the critique of political economy and biopolitical critique.On the contrary,it only implies an intertwined relationship between them.Moreover,if regarding Foucault’s discussion about political economy and biopolitics as a medium,then the conclusion can be made:There are overlaps between biopolitical critique and the critique of political economy,and the source of biopolitical critique can also be traced directly back to Marx.

Thoughts on Living Difficulties of Farmers and Marketing Economy in the Risk Society

The paper combs the problems about living difficulties of farmers and marketing economy in the risk society and puts forward another point of view that with the theory of risk society,reconsider the dilemma of living choices of farmers under the background of marketing economy.On the basis of the statistics,the paper discloses the trend of larger and larger disparities of incomes between urban and rural areas;the paper explains the risks and uncertainties of life choices with the background of deepening marketing economy.In order to understand the life dilemma of farmers and marketing economy in the risk society,the paper makes an analysis from perspectives of the relationships between risk society and markets,the risks of farmers' living choices.The results show that in the risk society,because of the division space from time,the personal farmers are devoid of the safe environment.Then the situation deepens to worse.In addition to the organization which is not in charge results in a situation that the personal farmers would take all risks by themselves.

Urban China in Transformation:Hybrid Economy,Juxtaposed Space,and New Testing Ground for Geographical Enquiries

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of China's urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. China's phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the Chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and Chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban China has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.

The Coupling Coordination Evolution Research of Economy - Ecology - Society System in Xinjiang：Based on the Interaction Perspective of Water Resources

Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system,quantitative evaluation and analysis of the coupling coordination of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system from 2001 to 2014 were conducted. The results showed that benefit indexes of economic system and social system grew rapidly,while benefit indexes of water resources system and ecosystem fluctuated smoothly from 2001 to 2014; coupling state of the whole system was at rival stage,and coupling coordination was reluctant coordination type,and the coupling index was slightly higher than the coupling coordination index. Moreover,it showed that the more the coupling systems,the lower indices of coupling and the coupling coordination.

Globalization of Tourism and Third World Tourism Development——A Political Economy Perspective

Globalization, which is characterized by the escalating mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a universal scale, has become a sweeping theme in the contemporary world. Tourism and its associated economic activities are evidently not immune to such a wider context of the world economy. In the past one or two decades, a stable increase has been witnessed in international tourist flows, inter-regional and inter-organizational alliances, and foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in the developing world, largely because of their pristine nature, di- verse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labours, and other resources. However, it has been cautioned by some scholars, especially those from the Third World countries, that tourism is an industry run by and for the rich, more powerful nations and their corresponding multinational corporations. This article, from the perspective of political economy, supplemented with views from development studies, made a normative analysis on the impacts of the glob- alization of tourism on the Third World destination countries. Specifically, these impacts have been detailed in terms of economic, sociocultural, and ecological domains. It was demonstrated that without appropriate planning and manage- ment, the costs of Third World tourism development may accrue to the extent that its benefits are burned out. To avoid this happening, some suggestions have been made.

The Divine and the Political Economy

The Invisible Hand Of Divine Providence in Christian Theology leads mankind continuously with teleological aim.Adam Smith’s“Invisible Hand of Political Economy”leads society to the highest level of prosperity,where the benefits of households,businesses and the state are optimized.Adam Smith,influenced by the Theology of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas,transfers the Hand of Divine Providence to economic life and lets individuals function on the basis of their own interest and the“sympathy”governing their economic relations.Two patterns run at the same time.The economic circuit is driven by the good choice of the invisible hand,and mankind is driven by the good providence of God.The purpose of our work is to present this coincidence of the two“long hands”of God and the Economy and the influences that the Philosophy of Ethical Emotions of Political Economy has received from Theology.

Expanding the Definition and Measurement of Knowledge Economy： Integrating Triple Bottom Line Factors into Knowledge Economy Index Models and Methodologies

The application of knowledge is a primary source of growth in the knowledge economy. The World Bank Group has developed a rigorous assessment methodology for assessing a country＇s ability to access and use knowledge to become more competitive in the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The World Bank＇s annual knowledge economy index is grounded on a four-pillar model： （1） economic incentives and institutional regime; （2） education and skills; （3） information and communication infrastructure; and （4） innovation systems. An argument can be made that the model lacks coverage of some key factors that pertain to intellectual capital and the production and consumption of knowledge. The model＇s heavy focus on economic incentives and open institutional regimes comes at a societal cost. This paper proposes an alternative knowledge economy index which is grounded in a more holistic and balanced view of a knowledge society. Adopting the perspective of triple bottom line shifts the purpose and design of a knowledge economy from one of aggregation and reporting to action and involvement. The World Bank＇s scorecard and indexing methodology are adaptable to this new perspective and a new set of indicators.

Nation and Political Economy -A Reflection on List

The article intends to work about Friedrich List political economy starting from a specific point of view： idea of nation. Published in 1841, The National System of Political economy establishes a hard dialogue with the Wealth of nations written by Smith. The criticism is built around the idea of nation. In List, the nation, as synonym of productive forces, is a critic to the Smith＇s nation idea as a free market. The List＇s idea of nation is a product of a group of structural （and not only cultural or mental） transformations that occurred during the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 in Europe. The result is the emergency of a new form of State, the nation-State. The political economy elaborates their critics in the measure in capitalism changes. The nation, in the national system of political economy of List, synthesizes the unification of the territory, the consolidation of the national industry and an internal market free from barriers and interlinked by a modem net of transports. In a contradictory way, that nation idea is based in great territory and its empire and not on the nationality principle, according to which, each people, yet that very small, has the right to its own territory. The unified and industrially developed States build immense empires that, in practical terms, contravene the principle of nationality

Digital Communication： The Conflicts in the Transmission and Distribution of Information in the Era of Knowledge Economy

This article analyzes the concentration of production and distribution of information, from the analysis of the news in major international news agencies.The biopolitics is more and more interconnected to social, cultural, economical, and political matters, which led us to see in the contemporary scenario the creation of new forms of social organization which will determine how we interact with each other and how we face the world. Additionally, questions emerge about the usage of the means of communication, particularly those related to Technology of Communication and Information （TICs）. The influence of the media over the social-cultural activities tends to create homogenizations of senses, aiming a planetary visibility in a process that can not only disfigure but destroy many symbolic representations and cultural forms. On the other hand, globalization tends to, instead of minimize the differences in the world, ended up creating new conflicts that, through the usage of new technologies of communication, expresses and articulate themselves.

Where Dreams and Nightmares Are From: Creativity and Creative Economy

The aim is to examine the multiple meanings of creativity in creative economy.The meanings which reinforce the individual aspect stress that personal characteristics may unlock the wealth that lies within people.The definitions that reinforce the organizational and social aspects understand creativity as a process,which requires knowledge,networks,and technologies that interconnect novel ideas and contexts.The perspectives which reinforce the political aspect see that creativity took the status of a doctrine to secure collaboration between government and industry.However,these notions of creativity stress its instrumental utility and undermine fantasy,play,or uselessness.

Development of resource-conserving society:from the perspective of circular economy

The purpose of building a resource-conserving society is to pursuit less resource consumption and less environmental pollution,and to accept greater economic and social benefits,and the ultimate goal is to ensure sustainable use of resources and economic and social sustainable development.Developing circular economy is the inevitable choice and the basic way to build a resource-conserving society.Recycling economy is a resource-conserving production,initiate resource-conserving consumption,and it is the key to build resource-conserving society.This study tries to clarify the relationship between them and bring forward a scientific index system which can measure the development level of a resource-conserving society.It provides a new set of ideas for the evaluation of resourceconserving society,and it is important for the resource-conserving society assessment and construction,while further empirical research is made on China's eastern coastal Shandong Province.

British Political Economy in Post-EU Era and China-UK Relations

Although Theresa May the new British Prime Minister had followed Cameron to stand for staying in the EU,after taking office,she has openly stated on several occasions that she will respect the public opinions of the country and carry out a foreign policy of implementing Brexit according to the result of the referendum.In so doing,she has even made Boris Johnson,a controversy lead

Research on Mixed Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

Under China’s socialist system,state-owned enterprises are key forces driving the economic trajectory and providing strong momentum.These enterprises not only bear the crucial responsibility of advancing the process of national modernization but also serve as the core of the national economic lifeline through their irreplaceable status and function amidst changing times.In the new era,with the advent of the technological revolution and the wave of globalization,state-owned enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.As a significant aspect of state-owned enterprise reform,the mixed ownership reform is not only a transformation in the structure of enterprise ownership but also a reflection of China’s broader,comprehensive reform efforts.By deeply advancing this reform,it will help optimize the allocation of state-owned assets and significantly boost technological and management innovation within state-owned enterprises,ensuring their competitiveness in the intense market environment.Therefore,this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist political economy.

Economy、Economics中译考——以“富国策”“理财学”“计学”“经济学”为中心的考察

尽管中国近代Economy、Economics中译名五花八门,数以十计,但最主要的有"富国策""理财学""计学""经济学"四个,而且它们之间呈现出前后递进的比较清晰的演进路线。其演进过程既受到西方"经济学"含义演变的"外因"的影响,也与当时中国移植西方经济学的"内因"相关。

What Caused IMF's Forecast Errors? Analysis from Political Economy Perspective

Providing high-quality economic forecasts is an important responsibility of the International Monetary Fund(IMF) in maintaining world financial and economic stability. However, errors are inevitable in IMF economic forecasts for its member countries. Based on forecast method and information, and political factor, this paper creates a political economics framework for analyzing the IMF's forecast errors, and tests the effects of various factors on the IMF's forecasts using the panel data analysis method. According to our findings, if a country receives IMF loans and shares a similar vote with the United States at the UN General Assembly, it will more likely receive an optimistic forecast by the IMF. Meanwhile, member countries' data availability and IMF forecast errors for major economies may also affect forecast on a country. Therefore, this paper proposes recommendations on further improving the IMF's forecast quality by creating more independent forecast procedures and enhancing forecast data quality and forecast accuracy.

Political Economy Factors Shaping News Culture of Hyperlocal News Website www.ippodhu.com

In contemporary media ecosystem, media content is not only produced by employees rather it is also produced by its users in the form of curating stories, writing feedback, engaging in online discussions and at the same time disseminating the content through their personal online profiles. Keeping these views in mind, this paper critically examines the political economy of Ippodhu (Tamil Nadu based news website), a hyperlocal news application, in terms of digital labour, audience as participatory commodities and audience as producers, which Alvin Toffler terms as prosumer. Further, this paper explores how social media, analytics, or other analytical tools create value or anti-value for Ippodhu. The qualitative data obtained through in-depth interview reveals that readers/audiences of Ippodhu are commodified in two ways, first they consume the content of the website by spending their time, which will be sold to the advertisers and secondly by creating free content either in the writing stories, uploading photographs or even in the form of comment which will be consumed by other readers/audiences which result in the chain of production of values.

Economic Engagement of Religious Ethics in the Global Economy： The Raising of Islamic Capital in an Anatolian City, Kayseri as a New Economic Power

This study attempts to clarify the role of religious values in the rise of new pious Muslim entrepreneurs in Turkey, based on field study carried out in Kayseri of 1980 to present. It particularly attempts to account for the influence of religion over the work ethic of these entrepreneurs, popularly known as ＂Anatolian Tigers＂. To achieve the goals of this research, in-depth interviews were held with 30 Turkish business people from religious and secular backgrounds. The new pious middle class is engaged in forming its own path of modernity by directly addressing the needs that are ignored by the secular republican project and its elites. The case of Turkey indicates that Westernization is not the only possible path to modernity. This new development, if it indeed continues, may prove to be one of the most important transformations determining the future of Turkey. Numerous books and articles have been published on Islamic economics but there is no details works on which provide a qualitative overview of the dynamics for the evolution of Turkish ＂Islamic capital＂. There has been little published material which assesses the acceptability of a pro-oriented system of ~conomic life to the values and moral code of the Turkish people. The Turkish situation offers a comprehensive picture of what Islamic capital can encompass, such as Islamic partnerships, holdings, banks, and business associations, and also how it can be effectively integrated within the democratic framework by adapting a ＂Muslim ethics＂ compatible with capitalism. The main aims of this study are to evaluate the social, economic, and the cultural factors, which contributed to the development of these ＂Islamist Calvinists＂ and their economic organizations in Central Anatolia. The result of this study shows the compatibility of the work ethic of pious entrepreneurs with capitalism in the case of Kayseri. This paper also illustrates the impact of local heritage and Islamic religious values on modern economic activity.

The Political Economy of the Chinese Onslaught in Africa

China＇s economic and social ties with Africa have grown sturdily since 2000 and the shifts are so marked that, by 2009, China＇s share in sub-Saharan Africa＇s total exports and imports exceeded that between China and other regions in the world. Africa has as well received year-on-year increases in foreign aid from China as compared to Latin America and Asia. This paper seeks an analysis of the increasing economic and social ties between China and Africa. Employing the political economy framework, this paper uses secondary sources of data to rake out the benefits and the threats as well as the political dynamics associated with the ties between the two regions. The paper reveals that China＇s deep-rooted relationship with Africa is translated in benefits including foreign aid, Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）, construction of physical amenities and human resource development for Africa. However, enormous threats including loss of employment, deprivation of human rights and collapse of industries, which are being entrenched by various degrees of leadership deficiencies, are apparent. The paper concludes that the ties, in terms of nature and effects, do not essentially represent change from the already existing ties between Africa and the West but only represent continuity in the dependency syndrome with a new ＂benefactor-exploiter＂. The solution for Africa, as the paper suggests, does not lie in closure of ties with China but in a knowledgeable, willing and action-oriented leadership which can consolidate the benefits and reverse the threats emerging from the ties.