Relationship between Industrial Coupling Coordination and Carbon Intensity in the Bohai Rim Economic Circle

Coordinated development of new high-tech industries and traditional industries is crucially important for economic growth and environmental sustainability,and it has become a focus of academic and governmental bodies.This study establishes the comprehensive evaluation index system of high-tech industries and traditional industries,and uses the method of principal component analysis,coupling and coupling coordination degree model to determine the level of industry coordinated development.Then,Pearson correlation test is used to further analyze the correlation between regional industrial coupling coordination and carbon intensity of the seven provinces in the Bohai Rim Economic Circle(BREC).The results are as follows.(1)There is a negative correlation between industrial coupling coordination and carbon intensity.(2)The degree of industrial coordination of Beijing,Tianjin,and Shandong is significantly higher than other provinces in the BREC,as both the high-tech industries and traditional industries of these three provinces have reached a high level of development and achieved high coupling.The high-tech industries of the three provinces show positive changes,whereas the traditional industries show negative changes,which indicates that the new high-tech industries are driving the upgrading of the traditional industries by the application of high technologies.(3)From 2011 to 2016,the number of provinces with a low degree of high-tech and traditional industrial coordination fell from three to one.The traditional industries in Hebei and Inner Mongolia have been upgraded by strengthening their technological innovation with the introduction of rapid high-tech industrial development.These findings are a useful reference for regional industrial coupling coordination and carbon emission reduction.

Research on the Framework and Path of Low Carbon Coordinated Development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

With the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as the starting point, the necessity and realistic difficulties in achieving the lowcarbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was analyzed, based on which we constructed the systematic analytical framework for low-carbon coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and proposed the development path of regional lowcarbon coordinated development from the three levels of government, industry and consumer with the aim to provide specific references for the low-carbon coordinated development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

Structure design and electrochemical properties of carbon-based single atom catalysts in energy catalysis:A review

Single atom catalysts(SACs) possessing regulated electronic structure, high atom utilization, and superior catalytic efficiency have been studied in almost all fields in recent years. Carbon-based supporting SACs are becoming popular materials because of their low cost, high electron conductivity, and controllable surface property. At the stage of catalysts preparation, the rational design of active sites is necessary for the substantial improvement of activity of catalysts. To date, the reported design strategies are mainly about synthesis mechanism and synthetic method. The level of understanding of design strategies of carbon-based single atom catalysts is requiring deep to be paved. The design strategies about manufacturing defects and coordination modulation of catalysts are presented. The design strategies are easy to carry out in the process of drawing up preparation routes. The components of carbon-based SACs can be divided into two parts: active site and carbon skeleton. In this review, the manufacture of defects and coordination modulation of two parts are introduced, respectively. The structure features and design strategies from the active sites and carbon skeletons to the overall catalysts are deeply discussed.Then, the structural design of different nano-carbon SACs is introduced systematically. The characterization of active site and carbon skeleton and the detailed mechanism of reaction process are summarized and analyzed. Next, the applications in the field of electrocatalysis for oxygen conversion and hydrogen conversion are illustrated. The relationships between the superior performance and the structure of active sites or carbon skeletons are discussed. Finally, the conclusion of this review and prospects on the abundant space for further promotion in broader fields are depicted. This review highlights the design and preparation thoughts from the parts to the whole. The detailed and systematic discussion will provide useful guidance for design of SACs for readers.

Optimal Operation Strategy of Electricity-Hydrogen Regional Energy System under Carbon-Electricity Market Trading

Given the“double carbon”objective and the drive toward low-carbon power,investigating the integration and interaction within the carbon-electricity market can enhance renewable energy utilization and facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction endeavors.However,further research is necessary to explore operational optimization methods for establishing a regional energy system using Power-to-Hydrogen(P2H)technology,focusing on participating in combined carbon-electricity market transactions.This study introduces an innovative Electro-Hydrogen Regional Energy System(EHRES)in this context.This system integrates renewable energy sources,a P2H system,cogeneration units,and energy storage devices.The core purpose of this integration is to optimize renewable energy utilization and minimize carbon emissions.This study aims to formulate an optimal operational strategy for EHRES,enabling its dynamic engagement in carbon-electricity market transactions.The initial phase entails establishing the technological framework of the electricity-hydrogen coupling system integrated with P2H.Subsequently,an analysis is conducted to examine the operational mode of EHRES as it participates in carbon-electricity market transactions.Additionally,the system scheduling model includes a stepped carbon trading price mechanism,considering the combined heat and power generation characteristics of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell(HFC).This facilitates the establishment of an optimal operational model for EHRES,aiming to minimize the overall operating cost.The simulation example illustrates that the coordinated operation of EHRES in carbon-electricity market transactions holds the potential to improve renewable energy utilization and reduce the overall system cost.This result carries significant implications for attaining advantages in both low-carbon and economic aspects.

Coupling and Long-term Change Characteristics of Forest Carbon Sink and Forestry Economic Development in China

[Objectives]To analyze the changes in of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,provide reference for relevant management decisions,ecological governance and resource and environment management,and promote the development of green low-carbon economy in China.[Methods]Based on the data of six forest resource inventories from 1989 to 2018 and related studies,the comprehensive evaluation model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,the coupling degree model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,and the coupling coordination degree model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development were adopted.The coupling degree of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development from 1992 to 2018 was analyzed.Stepwise regression and ARIMA model were used to analyze the influencing factors and lagging characteristics of forest carbon sink.The coupling degree between forest carbon sink and forestry economic development in China from 2019 to 2030 was predicted by autoregression and ADF test.The coupling between forest carbon sink and forestry economic development in China and its long-term change characteristics were also discussed in this study.[Results](i)The investment of ecological construction and protection,the actual investment of forestry key ecological projects,GDP and the import of forest products had a significant impact on forest resources carbon stock.The total output value of forestry industry,the actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects and the export volume of forest products had a significant impact on the forest carbon sink,and the actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects has the greatest impact on the two.(ii)The impact of actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects had a lag of 2 years on the forest resources carbon stock and a lag of 1 year on the forest carbon sink.When investing in forest carbon sink,it is necessary to make a good plan in advance,and do a good job in forest resources management and time optimization.(iii)From 1992 to 2018,the coupling degree of forest resources carbon stock,forest carbon sink and long-term development of forestry economy in China was gradually increasing.Although there were some fluctuations in the middle time,the coupling degree of forest resources carbon stock and the long-term development of forestry economy increased by 9.24%annually,and the degree of coupling coordination increased from"serious imbalance"in 1992 to"high-quality coordination"in 2018.From 1993 to 2018,the coupling degree of forest carbon sink and long-term development of forestry economy increased by 9.63%annually,slightly faster than the coupling coordination degree of forest resources carbon stock and long-term development of forestry economy.The coordination level also rose from level 2 in 1993 to level 10 in 2018.(iv)The prediction shows that the coupling coordination degree of forest resources carbon stock,forest carbon sink and the long-term development of forestry economy would increase from 2019 to 2030.The coupling coordination degree(D)values of both were close to 1,the coordination level was also 10 for a long time,and the degree of coupling coordination was also maintained at the"high-quality coordination"level for a long time.[Conclusions]Forest has multiple benefits of society,economy and ecology,and forest carbon sink is only a benefit output.The long-term coupling analysis of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development is a key point to multiple benefit analysis.The analysis shows that the spillover effect and co-evolution effect of forest carbon sink in China are significant.From 1992 to 2018,the coupling coordination degree of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development was gradually rising.The prediction analysis also indicate that the coupling coordination degree between the forest carbon sink and the long-term development of forestry economy will remain at the level of"high-quality coordination"for a long time from 2019 to 2030.Therefore,improving the level of forest management and maintaining the current trend of increasing forest resources are the key to achieving the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China.

Regulating the coordination microenvironment of atomic bismuth sites in nitrogen-rich carbon nanosheets as anode for superior potassium-ion batteries

Carbon-based materials are recognized as anodes fulling of promise for potassium ion batteries(PIBs)due to advantages of affordable cost and high conductivity.However,they still face challenges including structural unstability and slow kinetics.It is difficult to achieve efficient potassium storage with unmodified carbonaceous anode.Herein,atomic bismuth(Bi)sites with different atom coordinations anchored on carbon nanosheets(CNSs)have been synthesized through a template method.The properties of prepared multi-doping carbon anodes Bi-N_(3)S_(1)/CNSs,Bi-N_(3)P_(1)/CNSs and Bi-N_(4)/CNSs were probed in PIBs.The configuration Bi-N_(3)S_(1) with stronger charge asymmetry exhibits superior potassium storage performance compared to Bi-N_(3)P_(1) and Bi-N_(4) configurations.The Bi-N_(3)S_(1)/CNSs display a rate capacity of 129.2 mAh g^(-1)even at 10 A g^(-1)and an impressive cyclability characterized by over 5000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1),on account of its optimal coordination environment with more active Bi centers and K^(+)adsorption sites.Notably,assembled potassium-ion full cell Mg-KVO//Bi-N_(3)S_(1)/CNSs also shows an outstanding cycling stability,enduring 3000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Therefore,it can be demonstrated that regulating the electronic structure of metallic centre M-N_(4) via changing the type of ligating atom is a feasible strategy for modifying carbon anodes,on the base of co-doping metal and non-metal.

Decision and Coordination in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Product Recycling Under Different Low-Carbon Regulations

The implementation of recycling activity is of great significance to closed-loop supply chain operations.Consumers’environmental awareness and governmental subsidy are considered in the two-echelon closed-loop supply chain.Two types of decision-making structures are proposed under different carbon emission regulations.The subsidy sharing mechanism is designed to resolve the channel members’conflict caused by double marginalization.This paper provides insight into the effect of environmental awareness and government subsidy under different low-carbon regulations on the supply chain benefit and social welfare via the game theory.The analysis results display that the government subsidy and subsidy sharing mechanism are profitably beneficial to the whole supply chain and social welfare.Moreover,a noteworthy result reveals that social welfare is not always directly proportional to consumers’environmental awareness.Social welfare decreases slightly with the increase in consumers’environmental awareness when consumers’environmental awareness is weak.However,social welfare will be significantly improved when consumers’environmental awareness increases beyond a certain threshold.

Precisely Tailoring the First Coordination Shell of Metal Centers in Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Promoting Electroreduction of CO_(2)Under Neutral Condition

Precise regulation of the coordination environment of a metal active center is very important but remains a challenge.Here,single-atom Ni catalysts with a combined N-and C-coordination structure(Ni-NC_(3))and N-coordination structure(Ni-N4)were prepared by modulating the side groups of organic ligands in the corresponding precursor metal–azolate frameworks.Compared with the Ni-N4 site,the d-band center of 3d orbitals of the Ni atom in Ni-NC_(3)was more significantly shifted to the Fermi energy level;thus,the Ni-NC_(3)catalytic site was superior to activating CO_(2)molecule into the*COOH intermediate.As a result,Ni-NC_(3)exhibited an exceptionally high performance for CO_(2)-to-CO conversion with a Faradaic efficiency of 98.4%,an energy efficiency of>50%,as well as an industrial current density of∼300 mA cm^(−2) in neutral electrolyte.Such high performance could be retained for at least 70 h.This work reveals the importance of modulating the coordination environment in the electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction and provides a possible way to rational design of electrocatalysts for highly efficient conversion of CO_(2)to target products.

Single‐atomic Co‐B_(2)N_(2)sites anchored on carbon nanotube arrays promote lithium polysulfide conversion in lithium-sulfur batteries

Due to low cost,high capacity,and high energy density,lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have attracted much attention;however,their cycling performance was largely limited by the poor redox kinetics and low sulfur utilization.Herein,predicted by density functional theory calculations,single‐atomic Co‐B2N2 site‐imbedded boron and nitrogen co‐doped carbon nanotubes(SA‐Co/BNC)were designed to accomplish high sulfur loading,fast kinetic,and long service period Li–S batteries.Experiments proved that Co‐B2N2 atomic sites can effectively catalyze lithium polysulfide conversion.Therefore,the electrodes delivered a specific capacity of 1106 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 100 cycles and exhibited an outstanding cycle performance over 1000 cycles at 1 C with a decay rate of 0.032%per cycle.Our study offers a new strategy to couple the combined effect of nanocarriers and single‐atomic catalysts in novel coordination environments for high‐performance Li–S batteries.

Economic development, energy demand, and carbon emission prospects ofChina's provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan period: Application ofCMRCGE model

This study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon emissions of the provinces during the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2021 2025) period based on the economic development and energy demand since the New Normal. The main conclusions are the following: 1) Under the guidance of the regional coordinated development strategy, 13 provinces/municipalities are expected to have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$15,000, and 16 provinces/municipalities will have a per capita GDP of US$10,000 15,000. All provincial economies are expected to achieve steady and rapid development by the end of the 14th FYP. 2) The total energy consumption of the provinces is expected to reach 5.45 Gtce (excluding Tibet) in 2025, and the average annual growth rate is approximately 1.5%. The growth of energy demand will remain in low speed. The key point of energy demand will gradually shift from the eastern to the middle area, while the proportion of energy use in the western provinces will remain stable, which is consistent with the economic development stage and regional coordinated development strategy. 3) The annual average carbon intensity (mainly considering carbon emissions from energy use) of the provinces will approximately with most provinces dropping by over 4.0%. The trend of a considerable decline in carbon intensity, as observed in recent years, is expected to continue.

Facilitating sulfur species capture and bi-directional redox in Li-S batteries with single-atomic Co-O_(2)N_(2) coordination structure

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries suffer from the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and slow redox kinetics,significantly limiting their practical application.Although single-atom catalysts(SACs)offer a promising strategy to address these challenges,designing materials with optimal adsorption force and high catalytic activity remains a grand challenge.Here,we present a cobalt(Co)-based SAC with unique Co-O_(2)N_(2) coordination structures for Li-S batteries.Both experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that O,N-coordinated Co single atoms anchored on a porous carbon framework(Co/NOC)effectively capture LiPSs and dramatically catalyze bidirectional polysulfide conversion.The expanded carbon layer spacing facilitates lithium ions diffusion and maximizes the exposure of active sites.As a result,Li-S batteries incorporating Co/NOC as separators exhibit outstanding rate performance(906.6m Ah g^(-1)at 3 C)and exceptional cycling stability,even at-10℃.Furthermore,with a high sulfur loading of 12.0 mg cm^(-2),the areal specific capacity reaches up to 12.36 mAh cm^(-2).This work provides some useful insights for the design of high-performance SACs for Li-S batteries.

NEW CATALYTIC SYSTEMS FOR THE FIXATION OF CO_2 Ⅲ.INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES AND REACTION MEDIUM ON THE COPOLYMERIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE-EPICHLOROHYDRIN IN THE PRESENCE OF Nd (P_(204))_3-Al(i-Bu)_3

Copolymerization of carbon dioxide with epichlorohydrin was successfully carried out by usingNd(P_(204))_3-Al(i-Bu)_3 as catalyst (P_(204))=(RO)_2 POO--,R=CH_3 (CH_2),CH(C_2H_5) CH_2--). Addi-tion of carbonyl compounds into the catalyst decreased the carbon dioxide content of the copoly-mer to some extent. Compared to nonpolar solvents, ethereal and moderate polar solvents werefavourable to obtaining higher carbon dioxide content copolymer. The coincidence of these resultswith the assumed copolymerization scheme clearly indicated that the copolymerization proceeds via coordinate anionic mechanism.

Electricity-Carbon Interactive Optimal Dispatch of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Integrated Demand Response

As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.

碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论:IV.收益统筹

面对巨大的气候变化损害以及高额的减排行动成本,如何在多时期、多主体框架下统筹经济发展与减排行动,协同推进发展与减排,成为全球气候治理中的关键议题。作为碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论系列论文的组成部分,构建了收益统筹理论。该理论在综合集成时间统筹、空间统筹、效率统筹相关理论与方法基础上,以最优经济增长为核心,将碳排放问题引入长期宏观经济分析中,深入探析经济发展与减排行动二者间的复杂关系,构建了经济-气候双向耦合的中国气候变化综合评估模型,并设计了多区跨期优化福利函数,实现发展与减排的统筹。基于碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论,应用中国气候变化综合评估模型C3IAM,明确了未来全球及各区域最优减排路径,并提出了各国及国家内部减排任务分配方案,科学回答了碳减排系统工程的减多少、何时减、谁来减、如何减、何效果等关键问题,为统筹发展与减排提供方法基础。

碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论:I.时间统筹

在气候变化应对过程中,面临一种纵向的代际统筹,即当前人类应当或者愿意付出多大代价来避免未来可能发生的气候变化损失。对这一问题的回答关乎当代人与后代人的利益,需要权衡当前减缓气候变化的成本和未来气候变化带来的损失。然而,当前国际上对贴现率和跨期均衡路径的探讨暂未得出明确方案,亟需形成统筹长期与短期的碳减排理论,以指导相关减排路径设计。作为碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论系列论文的组成部分,聚焦于碳减排的时间统筹,构建了跨期均衡路径,并设置了积极但不激进的贴现率,从而统筹当前减缓气候变化的成本和未来气候变化带来的损失,回答碳减排的跨期责任分担与成本分配等问题,应用于CEEP-BIT自主开发的中国气候变化综合评估模型(C3IAM)等气候环境治理与碳减排路径的研究中,为统筹长期减排与短期减排提供方法基础。

碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论:Ⅲ.效率统筹

碳减排效率表现为在达成碳减排目标同时尽可能降低社会成本,实现碳减排效率最优的关键在于统筹政府管制与市场机制。作为碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论系列论文的组成部分,构建了效率统筹方法框架,首先阐释了碳减排效率的概念内涵,提出了效率统筹的理论框架;进而采用新制度经济学的理论视角,系统分析了市场机制与政府干预在碳减排过程中的互动机制与互补路径;并结合相对斜率决策准则,应用C3IAM/EcOp模型和CEEPA-CETA-FM模型深入探索了如何在不同减排机制下实现减排资源的优化配置,科学回答了碳减排混合机制的设计问题,为统筹政府管制与市场机制提供方法基础。

碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论:总体框架

碳减排是典型复杂系统工程,且相比一般工程,具备长周期、跨区域、多主体、多目标等特征,因此,亟需创立一套针对性强且系统完备的碳减排系统工程理论和方法,以指导相关减排技术研发与工程实践。基于此,在明确碳减排系统工程定义与特征基础上,归纳了碳减排面临的减多少、何时减、谁来减、如何减、何效果五个核心问题,凝练了碳减排短期与长期、局部与整体、政府管制与市场机制、发展与减排“四对”统筹难题,并建立了碳减排“时-空-效-益”统筹理论的总体框架,包括时间统筹、空间统筹、效率统筹、收益统筹四个理论维度。

碳中和视角下区域性造纸产业绿色可持续发展研究

节约能源、降低二氧化碳排放量是当今时代及未来的发展趋势。造纸产业是我国碳排放几大重点行业之一,对我国碳中和战略目标的达成有义不容辞的担当和责任。对此,进行了碳中和目标下造纸产业发展的思考,简述了我国造纸产业碳排放现状与碳减排潜力,分析了碳中和视角下区域性造纸产业绿色可持续发展面临的诸多机遇与挑战,提出了推进造纸产业绿色可持续发展的有效路径,即制订区域造纸产业低碳发展规划、创新节能减碳技术、促进区域产业协同发展、优化地方政府行为等,以加快区域性造纸产业绿色发展,着力推进碳中和目标的实现。

我国农村碳排放强度与乡村振兴协同发展分析

基于对2010—2020年中国农村碳排放强度与乡村振兴发展水平的测算,探究两者耦合协调度并进行空间自相关分析,借助面板向量自回归(VAR)模型佐证农村碳排放强度与乡村振兴互动效应。研究结果表明:我国农村碳排放强度波动下降,乡村振兴发展水平持续上升,但区域间发展差异性较大;两者耦合协调度稳步提升,从期初的中等协调转为优质协调状态,空间上存在正相关性,主要表现为高-高集聚和低-低集聚两种分布类型,且集聚程度均逐年减弱;农村碳排放强度与乡村振兴存在长期稳定的协整关系,农村碳排放强度与乡村振兴对自身冲击效应较大,而农村碳排放强度对乡村振兴发展的抑制作用强于乡村振兴对农村碳排放强度的促进作用。基于实证分析,建议加强政策制度建设和碳排放监管、实施补贴政策,并促进农业技术创新,以推动农业生产方式向低碳转型,以实现农村碳排放与乡村振兴的协同发展。

中国实现碳中和:进程评估与实践困境

中国实现碳中和目标面临经济结构转型与能源结构调整等严峻挑战。根据2020年中国30个省市自治区的能源消费数据与土地利用数据核算得到其CO_(2)排放量与吸收量,对碳中和进程进行评估。研究认为,2020年中国30个省市自治区平均碳中和进程为5.45%,区域碳中和进程差异较大,呈现出“阶梯状”特征;其中9个高碳中和进程型省市自治区平均碳中和进程为16.66%,而11个低碳中和进程型省市自治区平均进程仅为1.32%。目前,中国实现碳中和面临碳赤字严重、碳汇量缩减以及区域协同不足的实践困境,应根据区域CO_(2)排放与吸收特征,由经济与科研水平具有比较优势的省市自治区研发新型低碳技术,通过区域内部产业承接转移实现结构性减排,同时完善碳汇自然资源价值实现机制推进增汇,配合国家重大区域战略实现区域协同的碳中和。