选择性凝血因子XI抑制剂在血栓性疾病治疗中的临床研究进展

血栓性疾病是当今社会的一个重要医疗问题,动脉内血栓形成是引起心肌梗死、缺血性脑卒中、急性肢体缺血的最常见原因,静脉内血栓则可能导致肢体缺血坏死及肺栓塞等严重后果,这些疾病每年共导致全球1000多万人死亡,占所有疾病死亡的50%以上,在过去的20年内,这一比例更是增加了25%~35%[1]。目前,抗凝剂是预防和治疗血栓形成的主要手段之一。

Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Two Fonio Ecotypes Grown in Casamance (Sénégal)

In order to better understand the cultural route, biochemical and nutritional composition of two ecotypes of fonio, a study was carried out in village of Tambananing located approximately 7 km from Sédhiou. The objective of studies was to determine nutritional composition of two ecotypes of fonio: the first called momo in short-cycle mandinka (75 - 90 days) and the other called medium-cycle dibong (90 - 110 days). For this, samples of two ecotypes were collected in an experimental field which was split into two equal parts, one sown with the momo ecotype and the other with the dibong ecotype. The nutritional composition (sugars, fats, proteins, minerals, ash, etc.) and the physicochemical properties (pH, humidity, water activity, color, etc.) of fonio’s were determined by appropriate physicochemical methods. The two ecotypes exhibited quite similar physicochemical properties. The levels of biochemical compounds were relatively close with protein contents of 7.05 ± 0.06 mg/100g for the momo ecotype and of 8.02 ± 0.04 mg/100g for the dibong ecotype, in carbohydrates (76.37 ± 1.2 mg/100g for momo and 78.7 ± 1.5 mg/100g for dibong) and in fat (2.92 ± 0.05 mg/100g for momo and 3.14 ± 0.004 mg/100g for dibong). Identical mineral element contents were found except for iron, an element for which the contents were 10.80 ± 0.008 mg/100g for the momo ecotype and 99.59 ± 0.005 mg/100g for the dibong ecotype. Thus, two ecotypes of fonio present a fairly interesting nutritional composition and their consumption deserves to be popularized and could contribute effectively to fight against the problems of malnutrition of certain vulnerable groups.

System and Realization Path of Xi Jinping's Eco-poverty Alleviation Concept under the Vision of Green Development

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a series of speeches on ecological environment and poverty governance,forming the Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation ideology.In this paper,the Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation ideology is taken as the research object.Using the methods of literature analysis and comparative analysis,the origin of eco-poverty alleviation theory is explored from the common prosperity theory and the theory of ecological capital,and the practice foundation is found out from practical cases.The relationship between the ecological damage and poverty is systematically analyzed,and the mechanism of ecological poverty is explored in detail.The basic connotation of Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation is expounded,and it consists of three parts:guiding ideology layer,implementation layer,and guarantee layer.By perfecting and innovating the market mechanism,social management mechanism,performance evaluation mechanism,integration mechanism with other poverty alleviation methods,and ecological immigration mechanism of ecological poverty,the realization of Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation concept could be guaranteed.

English Translation of Chinese Natural Ecological Discourse:A Corpus-based Case Study on Xi Jinping:The Governance of China

Amid the increasingly severe global natural eco-environment,it is necessary to build a natural ecological civilization by constructing an ecological civilization discourse.Against this background,this study compiles a corpus of natural ecological discourse in the English translation of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China(short for Xi).By using Wordsmith and AntConc,this study explores the linguistic features of the ecological discourse in English translation of Xi in the following dimensions,including high-frequency words,keywords,word collocations,concordance lines.This study aims to analyze the concepts and attitudes towards natural ecology,so as to provide certain valuable insights for the construction of China’s discourse on natural ecological civilization.The study found that the natural ecology discourse involving in the English translation of Xi turned out to be ecologically beneficial.

达芬奇机器人(Xi)辅助下直肠前切除术(NOSES-Ⅳ式)

达芬奇机器人(Xi)系统联合经自然腔道取标本(NOSES)在直肠癌手术中的应用日益成熟和普遍.二者的结合充分发挥了各自的优势,将层面的游离,淋巴的清扫,血管的解剖,神经的保护和无菌、微创理念贯穿始终.因此,机器人下的手术操作,规范的手术流程,经自然腔道取标本的微创模式,为程序化的直肠癌根治手术带来了新的进步.

杜梨LRR-XI-a亚家族的鉴定及调控腐烂病抗性的成员筛选

为探究LRR-XI-a基因家族在杜梨免疫系统中的作用机制,基于GDR数据库的杜梨基因组数据鉴定了杜梨LRR-XI-a家族成员,经进化特征、基因重复事件和表达模式分析筛选了响应腐烂病信号的成员,并结合果实瞬时表达和抗性基因表达分析对部分成员的功能进行了初步分析。结果表明,杜梨LRR-XI-a基因家族包含91个成员,进化上可分为6个亚组。基因重复分析结果表明,杜梨中GroupⅠ成员数的迅速增加可能由串联复制(TD)和全基因组复制(WGD)共同导致,而GroupⅥ成员的增加仅由WGD所致。顺式作用元件分析结果表明,杜梨LRR-XI-a亚组Ⅱ和Ⅵ可能主要参与杜梨对非生物逆境信号的响应,而其余4个亚组同时参与对生物和非生物逆境信号的响应。表达分析结果表明,LRR-XI-4和LRR-XI-5在腐烂病侵染后呈不同程度的上调表达,其中LRR-XI-5上调表达量可达对照的586倍以上。果实瞬时表达分析结果表明,过表达LRR-XI-4和LRR-XI-5降低了梨果实对腐烂病的抗性,抑制了JA信号通路基因的表达,但激活了超敏反应响应基因的表达。综上,基因重复导致杜梨LRR-XI-a家族成员发生迅速增加;LRR-XI-a家族成员响应不同的生物胁迫和非生物胁迫;LRR-XI-4和LRR-XI-5通过激活超敏反应(HR)相关基因的表达负调控腐烂病抗性,可作为后期腐烂病抗性研究的候选基因。本研究结果为后续开展梨抗病机理研究和分子育种奠定了基础。

达芬奇Xi系统机器人辅助后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的疗效观察

目的 探讨达芬奇Xi系统机器人辅助后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术治疗肾上腺肿瘤的临床效果。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年1月河北省唐山市人民医院收治并经病理确诊的肾上腺肿瘤患者97例进行回顾性研究,根据治疗方法分为机器人手术组46例(采用达芬奇Xi系统机器人辅助后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术治疗)和传统腹腔镜手术组51例(采用传统后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术治疗)。比较两组手术相关指标,统计两组并发症情况、随访情况。结果 两组术中出血量、手术时间比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);与传统腹腔镜手术组相比,机器人手术组肿瘤直径较大,中转开腹率、术后出血率降低,术后止痛剂使用次数更少,术后引流时间、术后住院时间、下床活动时间及术后胃肠功能恢复时间明显缩短,住院费用有所增加,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。与传统腹腔镜手术组相比较,机器人手术组术中并发症发生率明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05),而两组术后并发症发生率、术后血压改善情况、肿瘤复发率、是否需长期口服激素差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 达芬奇Xi系统机器人辅助后腹腔镜肾上腺切除术治疗肾上腺肿瘤,手术创伤小,术中并发症发生率低,患者恢复快,且不增加手术时间。

达芬奇Xi机器人在单侧腋窝入路免充气甲状腺手术中的临床应用分析

背景和目的:2007年,Kang等第1次将机器人手术应用于甲状腺,之后机器人甲状腺手术在全球范围内开展。因安全性、肿瘤治疗的根治性和美容性不断得到验证,腋窝入路比例在国内正在快速增长。本研究通过对比分析使用达芬奇Xi机器人完成的95例单侧腋窝入路免充气甲状腺手术与91例传统手术治疗cN0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)的临床疗效,探讨达芬奇Xi机器人单侧腋窝入路手术治疗PTMC的优势及临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月—2021年11月复旦大学附属肿瘤医院头颈外科收治的186例cN0期单侧单灶PTMC患者的临床数据,根据手术方式分为机器人组(95例)和开放组(91例),分析比较两组患者的一般临床资料、手术结果、术后并发症、切口满意度、学习曲线及手术费用等情况。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、是否合并桥本甲状腺炎、肿瘤直径及病灶位置方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组手术时间[(126.65±34.76)min]长于开放组[(60.99±21.12)min],在经历36例手术后手术时间可达稳定水平。手术费用[(47940.66±4404.30)元]高于开放组[(15807.73±2295.35)元]。在术中出血量[机器人组:(20.48±18.83)mL;开放组:(16.15±13.95)mL]、清扫淋巴结个数[机器人组:(2.61±2.77)枚;开放组:(2.97±2.20)枚]和检出阳性淋巴结个数[机器人组:(1.01±1.61)枚;开放组:(0.78±1.36)枚]方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组术后暂时性声嘶(1.10%)低于开放组(2.20%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组术后切口满意度(非常满意87.4%,比较满意11.6%)高于开放组(非常满意71.4%,比较满意26.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:达芬奇Xi机器人单侧腋窝入路免充气甲状腺手术不仅具有良好的美容效果,较高的患者满意度,而且学习曲线短,术中出血量、淋巴结检测情况及术后并发症发生情况与传统手术相当。

From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi(energy), Wu Xing(five elements), and yin(feminine, dark, negative) and yang(masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu(acupuncture), Ben Cao(materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong(energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine(Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao(the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia(Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao(opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao(modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

Morphometric Traits Differentiation and Phenotypic Diversity of Two Snail Species Ecotypes Archachatina marginata and Achatina fulica in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

This study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2023 to assess the genetic diversity of giant African snails in the western highlands of Cameroon. A total of 652 snails were randomly collected from the wild in three localities in the western highlands (Bafang, Bafoussam, and Santchou). The study revealed significant variations in morphobiometric characteristics both between species and localities. The predominant shell coloration was brownish with yellow zigzag stripes (65%), while the dominant coloration for shell openings was whitish (48%). Regarding foot coloration, both brown with spotted black and black with spotted brown colorations were dominant (29%). The highest recorded live weight of snails (39.33 ± 34) was found in the species Archachatina marginata. In terms of length measurements (in mm), the length of the right and left sides of the shell was higher in the A. fulica species (49.8 ± 19.7 mm and 40.07 ± 18 mm, respectively). Bafang exhibited the highest values for shell length (56 ± 11 mm) and shell width (46.52 ± 11.46 mm). A. fulica recorded the highest shell length (81.5 ± 27 mm), while A. marginata recorded the highest shell width (49.6 ± 12.1 mm), with the highest values observed in A. fulica from fulica having a slightly higher aperture width value (30 ± 10 mm) compared to A. marginata, while A. marginata had the highest value for aperture length measurement (54.5 ± 12 mm). A. fulica also exhibited the highest values for the length from apex to the first whorl and the length from left to right of the first whorl (43.2 ± 18 mm and 39 ± 19.8 mm, respectively). Strong and positive correlations were observed between the live weight of snails and body measurements regardless of species, except for the number of whorls, which showed very weak or negative correlations with other body measurements. The results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed three distinct snail population types. These findings provide valuable insights into the phenotypic diversity of edible land snails in the western highlands of Cameroon and can be considered in improvement and conservation programs aimed at enhancing snail meat yield.

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Urban Land Surface Temperature Based on Local Climate Zones in Xi’an Metropolitan,China

Local climate zones(LCZs)are an effective nexus linking internal urban structures to the local climate and have been widely used to study urban thermal environment.However,few studies considered how much the temperature changed due to LCZs transformation and their synergy.This paper quantified the change of urban land surface temperature(LST)in LCZs transformation process by combining the land use transfer matrix with zonal statistics method during 2000–2019 in the Xi’an metropolitan.The results show that,firstly,both LCZs and LST had significant spatiotemporal variations and synchrony.The period when the most LCZs were converted was also the LST rose the fastest,and the spatial growth of the LST coincided with the spatial expansion of the built type LCZs.Secondly,the LST difference between land cover type LCZs and built type LCZs gradually widened.And LST rose more in both built type LCZs transferred in and out.Finally,the Xi’an-Xianyang profile showed that the maximum temperature difference between the peaks and valleys of the LST increased by 4.39℃,indicating that localized high temperature phenomena and fluctuations in the urban thermal environment became more pronounced from 2000 to 2019.

习近平文化思想的内涵、特征与核心要义

习近平文化思想是新时代党领导宣传思想文化建设经验的理论总结与思想提升,极大丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论,在党的文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。从内涵看,习近平文化思想是以文化使命为统领,由文化传承、文化创新、文化权益、文化共识、文化引领等方面构成的完备理论体系。从特征看,习近平文化思想具有鲜明的科学性、人民性、实践性、发展性,不仅体现了习近平文化思想的本质,而且展现了习近平文化思想的理论形象。从核心要义看,习近平文化思想主要围绕保障文化安全、坚定文化自信、建设文化强国、增强文化影响等价值目标为新时代宣传思想文化建设提供思想武器和行动指南,为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴坚定信念、振奋人心、凝聚力量。

习近平文化思想的价值、特质与内在逻辑

习近平文化思想坚持马克思主义的立场观点方法,坚守中华文化立场,是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇,是中国共产党最新的文化思想成果。习近平文化思想明确了新时代文化建设的路线图和任务书,具有鲜明的实践导向性,为新形势下宣传思想文化工作提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。习近平文化思想具有丰富的价值意蕴,丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论,指明和标注了新时代新的文化使命,也为实现中华民族伟大复兴提供行动指南并注入强大精神动力。习近平文化思想展现出了时代特质,坚守人民立场和政治底色、坚持宏微结合和体用贯通,并彰显了民族特性与世界眼光。习近平文化思想坚持和实现了历史性与现实性的统一,文化本体与文化形态的统一,合规律性与合目的性的统一,内在发展和外在保障的统一。把握习近平文化思想的内在逻辑,有利于深刻认识和理解习近平文化思想生成、存在和发展的内外动因。

习近平文化思想的科学内涵、价值意蕴与原创性贡献

确立习近平文化思想是推动实现中华民族伟大复兴的现实需要,也是正确应对国际领域复杂意识形态斗争的迫切需求。习近平文化思想深化了对文化本质和文化自信自强的认识,深化了对文化发展道路的认识,深化了对新时代文化使命的认识,深化了意识形态工作与党和国家中心工作之间关系的认识,深化了对意识形态阵地管理的认识。习近平文化思想回答了新时代我国文化建设举什么旗、走什么路、坚持什么原则、实现什么目标等根本问题,涵盖文化建设的方向、目标、道路、原则等重要方面,是相对完整的思想体系。要正确理解“两个结合”、特别是“第二个结合”,高度重视意识形态安全,在学思用贯通、知信行合一中把学习贯彻习近平文化思想引向深入。

习近平文明观的四大鲜明特征

进入新时代以来,伴随中国式现代化进程的持续推进、中华文明自身的不断演化以及中国与世界各民族国家不同文明间交往的日益深入,习近平文明观得以孕育生成。这一文明观,以马克思主义为依据来制定探源中华文明的新标准、认识中华文明的突出特性,是马克思主义的文明观;坚持弘扬平等、互鉴、对话、包容的共同价值理念,是胸怀天下的文明观;强调人民是文明创造的主体,以保护人民的人权为文明创造的最终目的,是人民至上的文明观;注重从长时段的历史纵深中认识文明、在世界历史的生成视野中创造文明,是大历史的文明观。这四个方面共同构成习近平文明观的鲜明特征,既体现出中华民族在涵养博大精深中华文明过程中的传承与坚守,又体现出中华民族在对待世界不同文明时的立场与态度。深入理解这四大鲜明特征,对于深刻把握习近平总书记关于中华文明、世界文明以及不同文明之间关系等问题的战略思考和系列论述具有重要意义。

习近平文化思想的科学性与实践性

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记高度重视党的宣传思想文化工作,主持召开一系列重要会议、发表一系列重要讲话、提出一系列新思想新观点新论断,形成了习近平文化思想。这一思想是一个内涵丰富、逻辑严密的理论体系,科学回答了关于党的宣传思想文化工作的一系列方向性、根本性、战略性的重大问题。这一思想具有深厚的实践基础,新时代十余年来党的宣传思想文化工作在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指引下,经过“正本清源”与“守正创新”接续努力,取得了历史性成就、发生了历史性变革,也积累了一系列宝贵经验。这一思想正是对党的宣传思想文化工作经验,尤其是新时代实践经验的科学总结。从新时代党的宣传思想文化工作重要经验及其背后逻辑来看,习近平文化思想的科学性和实践性得到进一步彰显和印证,我们党对宣传思想文化工作的规律性认识也进一步深化。

A Comparative Study of YīJiàn Xiǎo Shìand A Small Incident Rendered by the Yangs

Lu Xun’s short stories play a prominent role in the history of modern Chinese literature,and a number of Sinologists have studied them and published their English translations.This paper selects“YīJiàn Xiǎo Shì”in Lu Xun’s collection“Call to Arms”as the object of study,taking hypotaxis and parataxis as the starting point,and compares the translation of Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang with the original version,studying the differences between the them in the process of C-E translation.It is hoped that some flexible conversion strategies in English-Chinese translation can be learned from the translation research.

习近平文化思想形成发展的时间向度、空间向度和本体向度

习近平文化思想的形成发展彰显了中国共产党清醒的历史自觉、勇毅的历史主动。从形成发展的时间向度看,习近平文化思想不忘本来,深刻把握中华文明的突出特质;立足现实,持续推进中国特色社会主义文化建设;面向未来,致力于建设文化强国、建设中华民族现代文明。从形成发展的空间向度看,习近平文化思想既立足中国,坚定文化自信、走自己的路;又放眼世界,秉持开放包容、推动世界文明交流互鉴,致力于实现中华文化同世界文化发展的良性互动。从形成发展的本体向度看,习近平文化思想始终坚守文化建设的本源,在牢固坚守马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度、中国共产党的文化领导权与中华民族的文化主体性中不断拓新和发展。

习近平文化思想的核心内容与哲学底蕴

习近平文化思想内涵十分丰富,蕴含着深刻的哲学智慧,在党的宣传思想文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。习近平总书记关于把文化建设摆在全局工作的重要位置、“两个结合”的重大论断、创造人类文明新形态以及在文化自信自强中推进中国式现代化的重要论述,构成了习近平文化思想的核心内容。习近平文化思想对马克思主义哲学原理的运用主要体现在:人民至上是其唯物史观品格,实践第一是其认识论源泉,守正创新是其辩证法思维特质。习近平文化思想饱含丰富而深邃的中国哲学智慧:“明体达用、体用贯通”化用了中国哲学“体用之辩”的精髓要义,开放包容体现了中国哲学海纳百川、兼收并蓄的思维智慧,胸怀天下生动诠释了中国哲学的天下观和交往理念。

论习近平文化思想的世界观和方法论

习近平文化思想既有文化理论观点维度的创新和突破,又对文化工作布局作了新部署、新要求,标志着我们党对中国特色社会主义文化建设规律的认识达到了新高度,为进一步做好新时代新征程宣传思想文化工作、担负起新的文化使命提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。习近平文化思想蕴含着丰富的世界观和方法论,其中坚持人民至上是习近平文化思想的价值立场,坚持自信自立是习近平文化思想的精神气质,坚持守正创新是习近平文化思想的发展路径,坚持问题导向是习近平文化思想的实践原则,坚持系统观念是习近平文化思想的思想方法,坚持胸怀天下是习近平文化思想的境界格局。习近平文化思想是一个开放的和发展的理论体系,必将随着中国式现代化的文化建设不断丰富和完善。