Eddy Covariance Tilt Corrections over a Coastal Mountain Area in South-east China:Significance for Near-Surface Turbulence Characteristics

Turbulence characteristics of an atmospheric surface layer over a coastal mountain area were investigated under different coordinate frames. Performances of three methods of coordinate rotation： double rotation （DR）, triple rotation （TR）, and classic planar-fit rotation （PF） were examined in terms of correction of eddy covariance flux. Using the commonly used DR and TR methods, unreasonable rotation angles are encountered at low wind speeds and cause significant run-to-run errors of some turbulence characteristics. The PF method rotates the coordinate system to an ensemble-averaged plane, and shows large tilt error due to an inaccurate fit plane over variable terrain slopes. In this paper, we propose another coordinate rotation scheme. The observational data were separated into two groups according to wind direction. The PF method was adapted to find an ensemble-averaged streamline plane for each group of hourly runs with wind speed exceeding 1.0 m s-1. Then, the coordinate systems were rotated to their respective best- fit planes for all available hourly observations. We call this the PF10 method. The implications of tilt corrections for the turbulence characteristics are discussed with a focus on integral turbulence characteristics, the spectra of wind-velocity components, and sensible heat and momentum fluxes under various atmospheric stabilities. Our results show that the adapted application of PF provides greatly improved estimates of integral turbulence characteristics in complex terrain and maintains data quality. The comparisons of the sensible heat fluxes for four coordinate rotation methods to fluxes before correction indicate that the PF10 scheme is the best to preserve consistency between fluxes.

A Re-examination of Density Effects in Eddy Covariance Measurements of CO_2 Fluxes

Corrections of density effects resulting from air-parcel expansion/compression are important in interpreting eddy covariance fluxes of water vapor and CO2 when open-path systems are used. To account for these effects, mean vertical velocity and perturbation of the density of dry air are two critical parameters in treating those physical processes responsible for density variations. Based on various underlying assumptions, different studies have obtained different formulas for the mean vertical velocity and perturbation of the density of dry air, leading to a number of approaches to correct density effects. In this study, we re-examine physical processes related to different assumptions that are made to formulate the density effects. Specifically, we re-examine the assumptions of a zero dry air flux and a zero moist air flux in the surface layer, used for treating density variations, and their implications for correcting density effects. It is found that physical processes in relation to the assumption of a zero dry air flux account for the influence of dry air expansion/compression on density variations. Meanwhile, physical processes in relation to the assumption of a zero moist air flux account for the influence of moist air expansion/compression on density variations. In this study, we also re-examine mixing ratio issues. Our results indicate that the assumption of a zero dry air flux favors the use of the mixing ratio relative to dry air, while the assumption of a zero moist air flux favors the use of the mixing ratio relative to the total moist air. Additionally, we compare different formula for the mean vertical velocity, generated by air-parcel expansion/compression, and for density effect corrections using eddy covariance data measured over three boreal ecosystems.

Impact of Sky Conditions on Net Ecosystem Productivity over a “Floating Blanket” Wetland in Southwest China

Based on eddy covariance(EC) measurements during 2016–20, the effects of sky conditions on the net ecosystem productivity(NEP) over a subtropical “floating blanket ” wetland were investigated. Sky conditions were divided into overcast, cloudy, and sunny conditions. On the half-hourly timescale, the daytime NEP responded more rapidly to the changes in the total photosynthetic active radiation(PARt) under overcast and cloudy skies than that under sunny skies. The increase in the apparent quantum yield under overcast and cloudy conditions was the greatest in spring and the least in summer. Additionally, lower atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and moderate air temperature were more conducive to enhancing the apparent quantum yield under cloudy skies. On the daily timescale, NEP and the gross primary production(GPP) were higher under cloudy or sunny conditions than those under overcast conditions across seasons. The daily NEP and GPP during the wet season peaked under cloudy skies. The daily ecosystem light use efficiency(LUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) during the wet season also changed with sky conditions and reached their maximum under overcast and cloudy skies, respectively. The diffuse photosynthetic active radiation(PAR_d) and air temperature were primarily responsible for the variation of daily NEP from half-hourly to monthly timescales, and the direct photosynthetic active radiation(PAR_b) had a secondary effect on NEP. Under sunny conditions, PAR_b and air temperature were the dominant factors controlling daily NEP. While daily NEP was mainly controlled by PAR_d under cloudy and overcast conditions.

Applicability of an eddy covariance system based on a close-path quantum cascade laser spectrometer for measuring nitrous oxide fluxes from subtropical vegetable fields

亚热带蔬菜地是氧化亚氮(N_2O)的重要排放源,本研究首次采用基于闭路量子级联激光吸收光谱仪的涡动相关(QCLAS-EC)法观测亚热带蔬菜地秋冬季非施肥阶段的N_2O排放通量,以评估QCLAS-EC法测量亚热带蔬菜地N_2O通量的适用性。结果表明,QCLAS-EC观测系统在野外条件下能长期稳定运行,可观测到N_2O排放的季节变化趋势,其检测限为18.5μg N m^(-2) h^(-1)(95%置信水平),试验期间获得的97.5%的N_2O通量大于此检测限,表明QCLAS-EC观测系统可有效并准确测量亚热带蔬菜地的N_2O排放通量,仪器本身的灵敏度不是通量检测的限制因素。

Eddy covariance measurements of water vapor and energy flux over a lake in the Badain Jaran Desert,China

Exploring the surface energy exchange between atmosphere and water bodies is essential to gain a quantitative understanding of regional climate change, especially for the lakes in the desert. In this study, measurements of energy flux and water vapor were performed over a lake in the Badain Jaran Desert, China from March 2012 to March 2013. The studied lake had about a 2-month frozen period （December and January） and a 10-month open-water period （February-November）. Latent heat flux （LE） and sensible heat flux （Hs） acquired using the eddy covariance technique were argued by measurements of long＇wave and shortwave radiation. Both fluxes of longwave and shortwave radiation showed seasonal dynamics and daily fluctuations during the study period. The reflected solar radiation was much higher in winter than in other seasons. LE exhibited diurnal and seasonal variations. On a daily scale, LE was low in the morning and peaked in the afternoon. From spring （April） to winter （January）, the diurnal amplitude of LE decreased slowly. LE was the dominant heat flux throughout the year and consumed most of the energy from the lake. Generally speaking, LE was mostly affected by changes in the ambient wind speed, while Hs was primarily affected by the product of water-air temperature difference and wind speed. The diurnal LE and Hs were negatively correlated in the open-water period. The variations in Hs and LE over the lake were differed from those on the nearby land surface. The mean evaporation rate on the lake was about 4.0 mm/d over the entire year, and the cumulative annual evaporation rate was 1445 mm/a. The cumulative annual evaporation was 10 times larger than the cumulative annual precipitation. Furthermore, the average evaporation rates over the frozen period and open-water period were approximately 0.6 and 5.0 mm/d, respectively. These results can be used to analyze the water balance and quantify the source of lake water in the Badain Jaran Desert.

Sensitivity of Near Real-time MODIS Gross Primary Productivity in Terrestrial Forests Based on Eddy Covariance Measurements

As an important product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), MOD17A2 provides dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately and continuously monitor global terrestrial primary production, which is also significant in effort to advance scientific research and eco-environmental management. Over the past decades, forests have moderated climate change by sequestrating about one-quarter of the carbon emitted by human activities through fossil fuels burning and land use/land cover change. Thus, the carbon uptake by forests reduces the rate at which carbon accumulates in the atmosphere. However, the sensitivity of near real-time MODIS gross primary productivity(GPP) product is directly constrained by uncertainties in the modeling process, especially in complicated forest ecosystems. Although there have been plenty of studies to verify MODIS GPP with ground-based measurements using the eddy covariance(EC) technique, few have comprehensively validated the performance of MODIS estimates(Collection 5) across diverse forest types. Therefore, the present study examined the degree of correspondence between MODIS-derived GPP and EC-measured GPP at seasonal and interannual time scales for the main forest ecosystems, including evergreen broadleaf forest(EBF), evergreen needleleaf forest(ENF), deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF), and mixed forest(MF) relying on 16 flux towers with a total of 68 site-year datasets. Overall, site-specific evaluation of multi-year mean annual GPP estimates indicates that the current MOD17A2 product works highly effectively for MF and DBF, moderately effectively for ENF, and ineffectively for EBF. Except for tropical forest, MODIS estimates could capture the broad trends of GPP at 8-day time scale for all other sites surveyed. On the annual time scale, the best performance was observed in MF, followed by ENF, DBF, and EBF. Trend analyses also revealed the poor performance of MODIS GPP product in EBF and DBF. Thus, improvements in the sensitivity of MOD17A2 to forest productivity require continued efforts.

Multi-level CO_(2) fluxes over Beijing megacity with the eddy covariance method

本文基于北京325米气象塔在47,140,和280米三层高度的5年涡动相关观测资料,研究了城市下垫面与大气间的CO_(2)交换过程.由于北京市2011年开始实行工作日汽车尾号限行,140米高度CO_(2)通量的年增长率由2008-2010年的7.8%降低到2010-2012年的2.3%.140米高度通量源区内植被比例最小且人口密度最大,因此140米高度的5年平均CO_(2)通量年总量(6.41 kg C m^(−2) yr^(−1)(大于47米)5.78 kg C m^(−2) yr^(−1)(和280米)3.99 kg C m^(−2) yr^(−1)).在年尺度上,北京汽车总保有量和总人口是最重要的CO_(2)通量控制因子.CO_(2)通量随风向的变化主要与风向对应的通量源区内下垫面土地利用方式有关.三层高度的夏季CO_(2)通量均与道路的比例呈正相关关系.47,140,和280米的决定系数分别为0.69,0.57,和0.54(P<0.05).植被比例的下降,会导致CO_(2)年总量上升,两者存在近似于指数的关系.城市人口密度的上升会引起CO_(2)年总量上升.

Eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes in the surf zone

Turbulent eddies play a critical role in oceanic flows. Direct measurements of turbulent eddy fluxes beneath the sea surface were taken to study the direction of flux-carrying eddies as a means of supplementing our understanding of vertical fluxes exchange processes and their relationship to tides. The observations were made at 32 Hz at a water depth of ~1.5 m near the coast of Sanya, China, using an eddy covariance system, which mainly consists of an acoustic doppler velocimeter(ADV) and a fast temperature sensor. The cospectra-fit method-an established semi-empirical model of boundary layer turbulence to the measured turbulent cospectra at frequencies below those of surface gravity waves-was used in the presence of surface gravity waves to quantify the turbulent eddy fluxes(including turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress). As much as 87% of the total turbulent stress and 88% of the total turbulent heat flux were determined as being at band frequencies below those of surface gravity waves. Both the turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress showed a daily successive variation;the former peaked during the low tide period and the later peaked during the ebb tide period.Estimation of roll-off wavenumbers, k0, and roll-off wavelengths, λ0(where λ0=2π/k0), which were estimated as the horizontal length scales of the dominant flux-carrying turbulent eddies, indicated that the λ0 of the turbulent heat flux was approximately double that of the Reynolds stress. Wavelet analysis showed that both the turbulent heat flux and the Reynolds stress have a close relationship to the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides, and therefore indicate the energy that is transported from tides to turbulence.

基于REddyProc的干旱区枣林通量数据插补及能量平衡分析

【目的】获取完整且有效的枣林通量数据,分析生态系统能量平衡,为评估干旱区枣林生态系统与大气间的能量和物质交换提供理论依据。【方法】选择R语言REddyProc包插补涡度相关法测量的通量数据,采用交叉验证法和能量平衡闭合度评价插补数据质量,并修正热储存项,分析2018、2019年新疆阿克苏地区枣林能量平衡闭合度与能量变化趋势。【结果】1)REddyProc包插补通量数据效果较好,交叉验证的误差统计参数为回归系数b=0.86~0.99、决定系数R^(2)=0.86~0.95、一致性指数d=0.96~0.98、模拟效率EF=0.84~0.92、均方根误差与观测值标准差比率RSR=0.28~0.40;2)经REddyProc包插补后,2018、2019年干旱区枣林能量平衡闭合度分别为73.45%、73.11%,有效能量和可利用能量的决定系数均为0.97;加入热储存项后,能量闭合度分别提高3.72%、2.75%,达77.17%、75.86%,增幅较小;3)各能量分项(净辐射、潜热通量、显热通量、土壤热通量)的日均变化规律在生育期和休眠期相似,日均变化均呈以净辐射变化规律为基础的单峰变化。【结论】干旱区枣林全年能量平衡闭合度符合ChinaFlux范围,热储存项对改善枣林能量平衡闭合度有一定影响,可为研究枣林能量和物质交换提供理论依据。

A Synoptic Snapshot of the East Cape Eddy(ECE)

A synoptic snapshot in this study is made for the East Cape Eddy (ECE) based on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) P14C Hydrographic Section and Shipboard ADCP velocity vector data collected in September 1992. The ECE is an anticyclonic eddy, barotropically structured and centered at 33.64"S and 176.2TE, with warm and salinous- cored subsurface water. The radius of the eddy is of the order O (110 km) and the maximum circumferential velocity is O (40cms-1); as a result, the relative vorticity is estimated to be O (7x 10-6s-1). Due to the existence of the ECE, the mixed layer north of New Zealand becomes deeper, reaching a depth of 300 m in the austral winter. The ECE plays an important role in the formation and distribution of the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) over a considerable area in the South Pacific.

我国东部山地针阔混交林碳通量特征分析

以浙江省金华市武义县大毛尖山为研究区域,开展复杂山地森林生态系统碳汇能力的观测研究,并利用涡动相关法在2022年6月~2023年5月进行观测,经过数据质量控制和质量评价分析,得到42%的优质CO_(2)通量数据.结果表明,大毛尖山周边以针阔混交林为主,能量闭合度为0.89,能够很好的代表站点通量情况.CO_(2)通量在日尺度上均表现为U型变化,范围为-1.20~0.89mgCO_(2)/(m^(2)·s).四季碳汇能力强弱依次为,夏季、春季、秋季、冬季;各月份净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)均为负值,整体表现为碳汇.CO_(2)通量与气象因子中的空气温度呈负相关,相对湿度和平均风速正相关,夜间因呼吸作用产生的CO_(2)通量与土壤温度正相关.本研究初步解释了大毛尖山森林生态系统的碳汇特征.

青藏高原东南缘不同类型生态系统碳、水交换特征

青藏高原东南缘横断山脉地区是南亚和东亚季风的交汇处,也是大气变化的敏感区和热源区。开展该地区地气相互作用对区域水热过程影响机制及其参数化研究,对于研究青藏高原大气水汽传输的关键过程问题有重大意义。本文介绍了基于涡动观测法开展的青藏高原东南缘地区的地气相互作用观测试验,并总结了洱海湖面、丽江高山草甸及腾冲北海湿地的地气交换特征,以及利用数值模式开展复杂山地局地环流特征的研究工作。目前已初步明确和揭示青藏高原东南缘横断山脉不同类型下垫面的地气交换特征及其影响因素,主要结论如下:青藏高原东南缘高山草甸的碳、水交换过程受降水分布影响显著,“浮毯型”湿地(水面常年覆盖有“浮毯”状苔草草排)的碳、水交换除了受气象因素影响外,也受到下垫面植被和水体比例变化的影响。不同类型生态系统的碳、水交换过程在不同时间尺度的影响因子存在差别。风速始终是湖泊潜热和CO_(2)交换的关键影响因子,而降水在较长时间尺度对湖泊CO_(2)通量也有显著影响。此外,青藏高原东南缘的复杂地形对于生态系统的碳、水交换过程也有显著影响。复杂地形产生的不同类型的局地环流对于生态系统的碳、水交换过程有不同的影响。

2004-2010年上海崇明东滩湿地生态系统CO_(2)通量数据集

作为微气象学的经典方法之一,涡度相关技术已成为观测陆地生态系统与大气间CO_(2)、水热通量交换的主要手段。本数据集为上海长江河口湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站在上海崇明东滩湿地于2004年9月至2010年12月期间观测累积的通量数据,时间分辨率为半小时,数据项包括气温(T_air)、相对湿度(RH)、土温(T_soil)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、总辐射(Solar)、净辐射(Rn)、降雨量(Precip)、感热通量(Hs)、潜热通量(LE)和二氧化碳净交换量(NEECO_(2))等。本研究观测的生态系统为典型亚热带滨海盐沼类型,优势植物为芦苇和互花米草。本数据集的观测系统架设、设备维护和数据质量控制及处理等均按照FLUXNET规范,数据可靠性高,可为中国滨海盐沼的碳收支、蓝碳估算及生物入侵影响评估等相关研究提供扎实的数据支持。

2013-2020年海河流域农田水热碳通量及气象要素观测数据集

本研究以海河流域官厅水库旁农田生态系统为研究对象,采用蒸渗仪、涡动相关仪、大孔径闪烁仪和自动气象站/气象要素梯度等观测系统,开展农田生态系统多尺度通量和气象要素的长期定位观测。本数据集由多尺度通量(米,百米,公里级)和气象要素数据组成,观测项目包括生态系统净碳交换量、潜热通量/蒸散发、感热通量、空气温度、空气相对湿度、风速、风向、向下/上短波辐射、向下/上长波辐射、净辐射、大气压、降水、红外辐射温度、光合有效辐射、土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤热通量、平均土壤温度等。本数据集经过了严格的处理和质量控制,可用于研究水库消涨对周边生态系统碳水等物质和能量的循环带来的影响,也可为相关遥感模型或过程模型等研究提供有力的数据基础。

华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米农田蒸散观测对比研究

华北平原是我国的粮食主产区之一,然而该地区水资源非常短缺,精准测算农田蒸散量(ET)对于该地区合理配置水资源、提高农业用水效率具有非常重要的科学意义和实践价值。本研究利用涡度相关法、水量平衡法和蒸渗仪法对2013年10月—2018年9月的华北平原典型冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟农田生态系统ET进行了连续的观测对比研究。结果表明:3种方法测定的ET季节变化趋势基本一致,且不同方法间ET变化显著正相关,相关系数r>0.90;总体表现为蒸渗仪法最高,水量平衡法和涡度相关法较低,水量平衡法计算的ET与蒸渗仪法和涡度相关法相关性均为在0.94,因此其更适于不同尺度ET变化的验证研究。全年来看,水量平衡法测得的平均年ET为788.6 mm,比涡度相关法(717.9 mm)高9.8%,蒸渗仪法测得的年ET为906.4 mm,比涡度相关法高26.2%。冬小麦关键生育期(拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期)的ET占生育季总ET的57.3%~61.5%,夏玉米关键生育期(抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期)的ET占生育季总ET的58.5%~61.6%。综上,在ET变化及其影响等研究中可以根据研究内容及情况结合各种方法优缺点,选择适宜的观测方法。

水稻生长季CO_(2)通量的时间动态和影响因子研究

为了明确长三角地区稻麦轮作生态系统中水稻生长季CO_(2)通量的多时间尺度变化特征,量化环境因子对农田CO_(2)通量变化的贡献度,拆分环境因子的直接影响和间接影响,该研究利用涡度相关观测系统进行了2年CO_(2)通量的连续观测,分析了辐射类、温度类、水汽类和风速对CO_(2)通量的影响。结果表明:稻麦轮作生态系统在水稻生长季是一个二氧化碳汇,2020、2021年水稻生长季的总固碳量分别为396.3、491.9 g/m^(2)(以C计);CO_(2)通量也有明显的日变化,呈现出“U形”和“V型”的单峰曲线,吸收峰值出现在第200~250天。在不同时间尺度上,影响CO_(2)通量的主控因子始终是光合有效辐射;但随时间尺度的增加,各个因子贡献度的差异逐渐减小。饱和水汽压差也是影响CO_(2)通量的重要因子,它与光合有效辐射的交互作用会抑制彼此对CO_(2)通量的直接贡献。

山地森林下垫面湍流通量贡献区时空特征及其影响因素研究

通量贡献区是研究地—气间碳水热通量特征的重要内容之一。本文利用FFP(Flux Footprint Prediction)模型分析了2022年6月至2023年5月上黄站通量塔通量贡献区最大贡献度位置距塔体的距离(xcmax)、累计贡献达80%的最大延伸距离(x80)及其覆盖面积(S80)的时空特征及其影响因素。研究结果显示:(1)上黄站通量贡献区总体向东南方位延伸为主,西部次之,但夏季西部的通量贡献同样重要。此外,夜间和白天通量均以东南方向的贡献为主,但相对夜间,白天西部的通量贡献有所增加。(2)季节间通量贡献区的xcmax(8.25~14.42 m)、x80(169.38~235.23 m)和S80(24413.18~74723.86 m2)存在明显的差异。夜间xcmax、x80和S80明显大于白天。(3)通量贡献区延伸方向的季节(昼夜)间差异主要受风向变化影响,而xcmax、x80和S80的季节(昼夜)间的差异主要是由风速差异导致。研究结果有助于评估涡动通量塔的空间代表性,控制碳水热通量数据质量,理解通量变化特征,同时可服务于通量观测尺度拓展。

2011–2018年黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态系统碳水通量观测数据集

湿地生态系统对于缓解全球气候变化具有重要作用,长期、连续的碳水通量涡度监测有助于更好地保护和利用湿地生态系统的服务功能。然而,由于相关监测数据数量的欠缺,关注湿地生态系统碳水通量变化的研究还相对较少,因此亟需高质量的监测数据集提供支持。中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态试验站(简称黄河三角洲站)自2010年起基于涡度协方差技术开始对芦苇湿地生态系统进行连续监测,迄今已积累了多年的碳水通量观测数据。本数据集基于黄河三角洲站已进行的监测工作,汇总整理了2011–2018年间的站点碳水通量涡度观测数据,并形成了半小时尺度、日尺度、月尺度和年际尺度4种时间分辨率下的数据产品。本数据集对准确评估黄河三角洲湿地生态系统的碳水通量及其各时间尺度上的动态变化规律提供了可靠的数据支撑。

基于闪烁仪的热通量反演及MOD16产品校验

大孔径闪烁仪既能够用于区域地面热通量观测,也是测量卫星像元尺度地表热通量的有效工具,利用闪烁仪地表相对真值检验卫星产品的准确性对于卫星产品算法及观测方法改进至关重要。为初步解决卫星产品校验问题,选取河南鹤壁、内蒙古乌兰察布两处闪烁仪测量站,基于近地面层相似性理论,结合观测气象信息对闪烁仪输出的折射率结构常数进行处理,利用迭代算法计算出感热、潜热通量,并以鹤壁地区涡动相关仪的测量结果作为参考进行准确性验证。进一步在乌兰察布地区利用闪烁仪数据对MOD16A2遥感蒸散发产品中的潜热通量数据进行了地面校验。结果表明闪烁仪的反演结果准确度高,同涡动数据相关性高,且与卫星像元尺度匹配,可以用作卫星产品的地面校验。

秦岭北麓地区CO_(2)和水汽湍流输送实验研究

利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地长安站2021年4月~2022年3月涡动相关系统观测资料,结合气象观测资料,研究了秦岭北麓城郊过渡带近地面大气CO_(2)、H_(2)O浓度、蒸发量以及湍流通量演变特征,并讨论了气象要素对碳通量的影响.结果表明:观测时段内CO_(2)小时浓度年均值为(404.4±27.9)×10^(-6),与瓦里关大气背景观测站和全球背景观测站CO_(2)年均值浓度水平相当,水汽小时浓度年均值为9.44g/m^(3),年总蒸发量为1321.5mm;CO_(2)、水汽浓度和蒸发量均存在显著的月、季节变化特征;CO_(2)和水汽通量存在明显的日、月和季节变化,全年白天均表现为较强的碳吸收,观测时段内CO_(2)总吸收量约为-3047g/m^(2);夜间表现为碳排放,观测时段内总排放量约为2631g/m^(2);气温、土壤温度、相对湿度和风速的变化均会对区域内CO_(2)通量产生影响,温度升高会增加区域内植被的固碳能力;白天CO_(2)通量负值多出现在西风条件下,农田和植被覆盖率较大的区域为CO_(2)通量的主要贡献区域;夜间CO_(2)通量正值主要来自于植被、土壤呼吸作用和人类活动排放的贡献.总体而言,秦岭北麓城郊过渡带呈现较为明显的碳汇属性,实验时段内CO_(2)的净吸收量约为-416g/m^(2).