Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epid...Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.展开更多
Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is warm in nature and slightly sweet in taste.It belongs to the lung,spleen,and kidney meridians.It passes through a waterway,dredges the triple energizer,and has a significant effect on e...Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is warm in nature and slightly sweet in taste.It belongs to the lung,spleen,and kidney meridians.It passes through a waterway,dredges the triple energizer,and has a significant effect on edema due to renal diseases.Ancient doctors believed that Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is excellent in tonifying the middle,supplementing Qi,and dredging through the triple energizer.In modem times,many doctors have found that whether it is used as a single drug or in combination with other drugs,it is widely used in clinical practice and has a good effect in inducing diuresis.展开更多
The global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)have reached epidemic proportions.Estimates indicate that more than 360 million people will be affected by DM by 2030.All of these individuals will be at ris...The global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)have reached epidemic proportions.Estimates indicate that more than 360 million people will be affected by DM by 2030.All of these individuals will be at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy(DR).It is extremely important to categorize,classify and stage the severity of DR in order to establish adequate therapy.With proper management more than 90%of cases of visual loss can be prevented.The purpose of the current paper is to review the classification of DR with a special emphasis on the International Clinical Disease Severity Scale for DR.This new classification is simple to use,easy to remember and based on scientific evidence.It does not require specialized examinations such as optical coherence tomography or fluorescein angiography.It is based on clinical examination and applying the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study 4:2:1 rule.展开更多
The high-affinity glucocorticoid binding sites（HAGS）and the low-affinity glucocor-ticoid binding sites（LAGS）with steroid specificity were demonstrated in cerebral cytosol ofrats by using the radioligand binding as...The high-affinity glucocorticoid binding sites（HAGS）and the low-affinity glucocor-ticoid binding sites（LAGS）with steroid specificity were demonstrated in cerebral cytosol ofrats by using the radioligand binding assay.The equilibrium dissocation constant（Kd）of HAGSand LAGS were（2.78+0.71）×10<sup>-8</sup>mol/L and（2.12±1.06）×10<sup>-6</sup>mol/L respectively as esti-mated by Scatchard and Pseudoseatchard analysis.Glucocorticoid receptors（GR）in the trau-matized（left）hemisphere cytosol were decreased more significantly than those in both the con-trol（right）hemisphere cytosol at 6 h postinjury and normal brain tissue（P【0.05）,but Kd ofGR showed no significant changes.GR of liver cytosol at 6h postinjury were more markedly de-creased than normal hepatic cytosol,but Kd of GR underwent no significant changes.These da-ta demonstrate that high-dose glucocorticoid（GC）used in the treatment of traumatic brain ede-ma might maintain target-cell reactions by increasing the production of GC receptor complexesand is most likely to be mediated by LAGS.展开更多
Cardiac valve calcification is a common disease,especially among the elderly.Calcification can affect valve function and cause heart failure and sudden death(Adler et al.,2002).Aortic valve calcification is alsorelate...Cardiac valve calcification is a common disease,especially among the elderly.Calcification can affect valve function and cause heart failure and sudden death(Adler et al.,2002).Aortic valve calcification is alsorelated to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease(Rashedi et al.,2015).However,the origin of valve calcification is still unclear.This study characterized the展开更多
BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This dis...BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This disease is characterized by the accumulation of BCAAs and corresponding branched-chain ketoacids of leucine,isoleucine,and valine in the plasma,urine,and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the mechanisms of MSUD-induced brain damage remain poorly defined.The accumulation of BCAAs in the brain inhibits the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate,disrupting the citric acid cycle and consequently impacting the synthesis of amino acids,causing cerebral edema and abnormal myelination.CASE SUMMARY We report three neonates admitted to our hospital with the classic subtype of MSUD.All three patients,with a transient normal period,presented with poor feeding,vomiting,poor weight gain,and increasing lethargy after birth.Laboratory testing revealed metabolic acidosis.The serum tandem mass spectrometry amino acid profile showed elevated plasma levels of BCAAs(leucine,isoleucine,and valine).Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)presented abnormal signals mainly involving the globus pallidus,thalamus,internal capsule,brainstem,and cerebellar white matter,which represent the typical myelinated areas in normal full-term neonates.CONCLUSION In our patients,MRI showed typical features,in concordance with the available literature.Early detection and timely treatment are very helpful for the prognosis of MSUD patients.Therefore,we discuss the neuroimaging features of MSUD to enhance the knowledge of pediatricians about this disease.展开更多
950243 Genotypic investigation of hepatitis C virusin patients with primary hepatic carcinoma liver cir-rhosis and hepatitis.YANG jianmin(杨建民).et al.Dept Gasrroenterol,Southwest Hosp,3rd Milit MedUniv,Chongqing,630...950243 Genotypic investigation of hepatitis C virusin patients with primary hepatic carcinoma liver cir-rhosis and hepatitis.YANG jianmin(杨建民).et al.Dept Gasrroenterol,Southwest Hosp,3rd Milit MedUniv,Chongqing,630038.Chin J Infect Dis 1995;13(1):1—3.Using reverse transcription nested polymerase chainreaction and restriction fragment length poly-morphsim,genotypic invsestigation of hepatitis C virus(HCV)in its 5’—noncoding region was carried out inHCV—infected patients with primary hepatic carcino-展开更多
Hereditary lymphoedema type I is a congenital onset primary lymphoedema with autosomal dominant inheritance, which is characterized by the swelling of the lower body. In this article, the authors report a case of a 32...Hereditary lymphoedema type I is a congenital onset primary lymphoedema with autosomal dominant inheritance, which is characterized by the swelling of the lower body. In this article, the authors report a case of a 32-year-old woman with repeating episodes of swollen limbs. Imaging studies and genetic study were carried out and a Milroy’s syndrome diagnosis was established. The patient started sintomatic treatment of the edema, with fitting stockings and descompressive massage, with symptomatic benefit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82122009 (to JX)Science Research Foundation ofAier Eye Hospital Group,No.AM2001D1 (to JX)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2020JJ5002 (to SJ)。
文摘Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.
基金This research was supported by the Shaanxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Genping Lei Inheritance Studio Construction Project(Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Letter[2019]No.82,Studio Number:2019012,Principal:Lei Genping).
文摘Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is warm in nature and slightly sweet in taste.It belongs to the lung,spleen,and kidney meridians.It passes through a waterway,dredges the triple energizer,and has a significant effect on edema due to renal diseases.Ancient doctors believed that Radix Astragali seu Hedysari is excellent in tonifying the middle,supplementing Qi,and dredging through the triple energizer.In modem times,many doctors have found that whether it is used as a single drug or in combination with other drugs,it is widely used in clinical practice and has a good effect in inducing diuresis.
文摘The global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)have reached epidemic proportions.Estimates indicate that more than 360 million people will be affected by DM by 2030.All of these individuals will be at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy(DR).It is extremely important to categorize,classify and stage the severity of DR in order to establish adequate therapy.With proper management more than 90%of cases of visual loss can be prevented.The purpose of the current paper is to review the classification of DR with a special emphasis on the International Clinical Disease Severity Scale for DR.This new classification is simple to use,easy to remember and based on scientific evidence.It does not require specialized examinations such as optical coherence tomography or fluorescein angiography.It is based on clinical examination and applying the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study 4:2:1 rule.
文摘The high-affinity glucocorticoid binding sites（HAGS）and the low-affinity glucocor-ticoid binding sites（LAGS）with steroid specificity were demonstrated in cerebral cytosol ofrats by using the radioligand binding assay.The equilibrium dissocation constant（Kd）of HAGSand LAGS were（2.78+0.71）×10<sup>-8</sup>mol/L and（2.12±1.06）×10<sup>-6</sup>mol/L respectively as esti-mated by Scatchard and Pseudoseatchard analysis.Glucocorticoid receptors（GR）in the trau-matized（left）hemisphere cytosol were decreased more significantly than those in both the con-trol（right）hemisphere cytosol at 6 h postinjury and normal brain tissue（P【0.05）,but Kd ofGR showed no significant changes.GR of liver cytosol at 6h postinjury were more markedly de-creased than normal hepatic cytosol,but Kd of GR underwent no significant changes.These da-ta demonstrate that high-dose glucocorticoid（GC）used in the treatment of traumatic brain ede-ma might maintain target-cell reactions by increasing the production of GC receptor complexesand is most likely to be mediated by LAGS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO.40972210,41272048)
文摘Cardiac valve calcification is a common disease,especially among the elderly.Calcification can affect valve function and cause heart failure and sudden death(Adler et al.,2002).Aortic valve calcification is alsorelated to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease(Rashedi et al.,2015).However,the origin of valve calcification is still unclear.This study characterized the
文摘BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This disease is characterized by the accumulation of BCAAs and corresponding branched-chain ketoacids of leucine,isoleucine,and valine in the plasma,urine,and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the mechanisms of MSUD-induced brain damage remain poorly defined.The accumulation of BCAAs in the brain inhibits the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate,disrupting the citric acid cycle and consequently impacting the synthesis of amino acids,causing cerebral edema and abnormal myelination.CASE SUMMARY We report three neonates admitted to our hospital with the classic subtype of MSUD.All three patients,with a transient normal period,presented with poor feeding,vomiting,poor weight gain,and increasing lethargy after birth.Laboratory testing revealed metabolic acidosis.The serum tandem mass spectrometry amino acid profile showed elevated plasma levels of BCAAs(leucine,isoleucine,and valine).Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)presented abnormal signals mainly involving the globus pallidus,thalamus,internal capsule,brainstem,and cerebellar white matter,which represent the typical myelinated areas in normal full-term neonates.CONCLUSION In our patients,MRI showed typical features,in concordance with the available literature.Early detection and timely treatment are very helpful for the prognosis of MSUD patients.Therefore,we discuss the neuroimaging features of MSUD to enhance the knowledge of pediatricians about this disease.
文摘950243 Genotypic investigation of hepatitis C virusin patients with primary hepatic carcinoma liver cir-rhosis and hepatitis.YANG jianmin(杨建民).et al.Dept Gasrroenterol,Southwest Hosp,3rd Milit MedUniv,Chongqing,630038.Chin J Infect Dis 1995;13(1):1—3.Using reverse transcription nested polymerase chainreaction and restriction fragment length poly-morphsim,genotypic invsestigation of hepatitis C virus(HCV)in its 5’—noncoding region was carried out inHCV—infected patients with primary hepatic carcino-
文摘Hereditary lymphoedema type I is a congenital onset primary lymphoedema with autosomal dominant inheritance, which is characterized by the swelling of the lower body. In this article, the authors report a case of a 32-year-old woman with repeating episodes of swollen limbs. Imaging studies and genetic study were carried out and a Milroy’s syndrome diagnosis was established. The patient started sintomatic treatment of the edema, with fitting stockings and descompressive massage, with symptomatic benefit.
