Transformation of Two VP1 Genes of O-and Asia 1-Type Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus into Maize

The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has increasingly been used as an alternative to the classical methodologies for the development of experimental vaccines.This paper reports here the development of a novel oral immunization system for foot-and-mouth disease （FMD） in transgenic maize with two serotypes of the structural protein VP1 of the foot-and-mouth disease virus （FMDV） viz.,O-and Asia 1-type,respectively.The transgenic plantlets were identified and investigated by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）,Southern blot,and real-time PCR.Moreover,it was found that the VP1 genes in transgenic plants could be transmitted stably to the next generation through PCR detection.To our knowledge,this is the first report in an attempt to induce a protective systemic antibody response in animals by feeding the transgenic plants in which two serotypes antigen protein of FMDV expressed together.Results of the experiment provide the possibility of using plant-based vaccines as feedstuff or feedstuff additives.

RNA Wave for the HIV Therapy: Foods, Stem Cells and the RNA Information Gene

The microRNA (miRNA) gene is small RNA molecule, approximate 20 nucleotides (nts) in length, and also the miRNA is information in a cell as well as the mobile genetic information;therefore, when only one kind of tumor suppressor RNA information gene (Rig) was intravenously administrated, tumorigenic cells can be retuned to the normal cells in vivo. Although the processes of oncogenic have multiple ways, Rig can control its complex system, such as cell cycle with tuning to translation and transcription processing systems. In quite recent experiments, human breast milk and bovine milk have contained Rigs into their microvesicular components. Both also contain the infant nutrient elements. Further, the siRNA genes in artificial nanoparticles were delivered via oral and could restore mouse intestinal inflamemation. In general, Rigs in the diet were found stable to orally affect the digested animals, therefore, the xenotropic Rigs in Rig transgenic plants could also protect from HIV-1 infection by the edible vaccine via intestinal cells. Because orally delivered miRNA as information could be incorporated into intestinal cells and transmitted into intra- and inter-cells and between individuals to wave the system of translation and transcription. Given these mobile characters of Rigs, even though there is the xenotropic miRNA issue, edible Rig agents in plants as a vaccine would be applicable for the Rig diseases (RigDs) by the information technology-based therapy (iTBT) cooperated with system-based therapies such as stem cell therapy and chemotherapy.

Transgenic Tobacco Expressing a Modified VP6 Gene Protects Mice Against Rotavirus Infection

Elevated expression of the rotavirus VP6 antigen in transgenic plants is a critical factor in the development of a safe and effective rotavirus vaccine. Using codon optimization, a gene that encodes the inner capsid protein VP6 of the human group A rotavirus was synthesized （sVP6）. The VP6 and sVp6 genes were transformed into tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The expression level of the sVP6 gene in transgenic plants was 3.8-34-fold higher than that of controls containing the non-modified VP6 gene, accounting for up to 0.34% of the total soluble protein （TSP）. Then, BALB/ c female mice that had been gavaged weekly with 10 mg TSP containing 34 p.g VP6 protein, in which VP6-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies were investigated. The severity and duration of diarrhea caused by simian rotavirus SA-11 challenge were reduced significantly in passively immunized pups, which indicates that anti-VP6 antibodies generated in orally immunized female mice can be passed onto pups and provide heterotypic protection. An edible vaccine based on the VP6 of human rotavirus group A could provide a means to protect children and young animals from severe acute diarrhea.