The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through bac...The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.展开更多
Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation pract...Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation practice.Xu Jun considers"translator’s subjectivity should be reflected to be artistic personal consciousness in translated works."Translator’s differences in age,gender,personal traits,educational level and other aspects make translation artistry completely divergent.Therefore,translator’s subjectivity shoulders great significances on the success of literary translation,which isn’t arbitrary,out of control,must be conducted in line with essence of the original work.This paper focuses on the gender difference of translator’s subjectivity in literary translation,hoping to find a way of eliminating the influence of it in the translation work.展开更多
Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seem...Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seems to be difficult to do science and technology translation accurately and properly.Consequently,it is necessary for the translator to give play to his subjectivity when translating science and technology documents or related interpretation:searching for related data to replenish necessary professional knowledge,consulting with professional technicians actively to clarify the jargon and common sayings,and thinking critically to scrutiny the source text.展开更多
The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English ver...The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English version of "The Lane" can be regarded as one of his representatives. An examination of the translator's subjectivity reflected in this version helps to better understand Prof. Zhang's art of prose translation.展开更多
WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivi...WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivity remain seldom. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the application of translator's subjectivity in the Chinese version of Of Beauty translated by WANG Zuo-liang.展开更多
In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been reva...In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been revalued.This paper compares and analyzes five English versions of Bai Juyi’s Asking Liu Shijiu from the view of translator’s subjectivity,probing into its manifestations at both the macro and micro level of rhyme,image,and effect of expression of the poem.展开更多
In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides g...In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides great convenience for transla⁃tion work.The main body of computer aided translation process is the translator,which avoids many drawbacks in machine transla⁃tion.This paper aims to have a brief analysis of the translator's subjectivity in the process of computer aided translation,which will be helpful for the development of the computer aided translation technology.展开更多
Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the sc...Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.展开更多
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cog...Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.展开更多
In a clinical situation, repair of distal peripheral nerve defects can present a major challenge to neurosurgenns. Construction of tissue-engineered nerves is a novel solution for repairing peripheral nerve defects. T...In a clinical situation, repair of distal peripheral nerve defects can present a major challenge to neurosurgenns. Construction of tissue-engineered nerves is a novel solution for repairing peripheral nerve defects. The sciatic nerve is the largest peripheral nerve in the body and is known to have a relatively constant anatomical position, sufficient diameter to be easily exposed and operated upon with good repeatability, satisfactory local blood circulation, and is difficult to infect. Owing to these advantages, rat models of sciatic nerve defects are commonly used to study nerve regeneration and repair.展开更多
This review article entitled "Physiological approaches to understanding molecular actions on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons underlying higher cognitive processing" examines the relationship between neurotr...This review article entitled "Physiological approaches to understanding molecular actions on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons underlying higher cognitive processing" examines the relationship between neurotransmitters and prefrontal cognitive function. The authors of this article are leading the field in such research.展开更多
Following spinal cord injury, nerve repair is difficult due to limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system and inability of oli- godendrocytes to guide axonal growth. Several factors pose a challenge ...Following spinal cord injury, nerve repair is difficult due to limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system and inability of oli- godendrocytes to guide axonal growth. Several factors pose a challenge for neural regeneration following spinal cord injury. First, glial scars and cavities, which form after spinal cord injury, hinder axonal growth and result in degenerative necrosis of the nerve fibers. Second.展开更多
It is with great pleasure that I am serving asa Guest Editor for a special issue of the ChinaCommunications on Communications and InformationSecurity for a second time.The goal of this issue is a continuation of theSp...It is with great pleasure that I am serving asa Guest Editor for a special issue of the ChinaCommunications on Communications and InformationSecurity for a second time.The goal of this issue is a continuation of theSpecial Issue by the same Editor which waspublished by CIC in February 2007.We展开更多
Central nervous system injury often leads to incorrect links formed between dendrites and axons in neurons in the regeneration process resulting in histological injury and related dysfunction. The surrounding environm...Central nervous system injury often leads to incorrect links formed between dendrites and axons in neurons in the regeneration process resulting in histological injury and related dysfunction. The surrounding environment of neurons also inhibits neuronal regeneration by not providing enough support.展开更多
The CHINESE JOURNAL OF METAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY was startedin 1985 and was the only metallurgical periodical in English at that time in China.It is pub-lished under the auspices of The Chinese Society for Metals a...The CHINESE JOURNAL OF METAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY was startedin 1985 and was the only metallurgical periodical in English at that time in China.It is pub-lished under the auspices of The Chinese Society for Metals and managed by the Institute ofMetal Research,The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The editor-in-chief is ProfessorChangxu SHI,member of CAS and director of the Division of Technological Science,CAS.展开更多
Neural stem cells transplantation plays an important role in repair and cell replacement therapy for nervous system degenerative diseases. However, the self-repair effects are minimal because of a limited absolute num...Neural stem cells transplantation plays an important role in repair and cell replacement therapy for nervous system degenerative diseases. However, the self-repair effects are minimal because of a limited absolute number, as well as the local microenvironment, post-transplantation. A combined treatment utilizing stem cell transplantation and gone therapy can exert a dual effect involving stem cells and neurotrophic factors. The adenovirus carrier is展开更多
Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis is considered to be the main cause of loss of vision in glaucoma patients. Microglia cells are phagocytic cells present in the retina. In the retina of glaucoma rat models, microglia ce...Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis is considered to be the main cause of loss of vision in glaucoma patients. Microglia cells are phagocytic cells present in the retina. In the retina of glaucoma rat models, microglia cells become activated, which suggests a role for microglia in the pathogenesis of optic nerve injury in glaucoma patients. The retinal ganglion cell is the only cell that can produce action potential in the retina,展开更多
Acupuncture at certain acupoints (specific sites for needle insertion) can induce the activation of specific regions of the brain. This activated brain region influences the target organ or tissue in order to treat ...Acupuncture at certain acupoints (specific sites for needle insertion) can induce the activation of specific regions of the brain. This activated brain region influences the target organ or tissue in order to treat the disease. Acupoint specificity is the basis of acupuncture therapy.展开更多
基金the 2020 National Social Science Fund Art Project“History of Chinese Film Thought(1905-1949)”(Project No.:20BC035).
文摘The“People’s Films,”when examined from the perspective of classical aesthetics,present a unique visual style that creates artistic conceptions through sparse filming and deliver a scenery-based ideology through background shots,contributing to the overall aesthetic taste dominated by plainness.Chinese national aesthetic tastes,distinguished by implicitness,symbolism,and ethereality,have the magical power to present charming conceptions via plain and simple scenes,thus endowing the“People’s Films”with natural,plain,and harmonious frames that are unique to China.Behind the silent and plain scenes are representations of personal cultivation and essential values cherished by the Chinese people,which are achieved via the momentary presence and entirety of scenes photographed in the films,delivering an internal transcendence of people’s consciousness.
文摘Translation is an activity aimed at transferring the source language to the target language,related to many aspects involving culture,society,history and so on.The translator plays a critical role in translation practice.Xu Jun considers"translator’s subjectivity should be reflected to be artistic personal consciousness in translated works."Translator’s differences in age,gender,personal traits,educational level and other aspects make translation artistry completely divergent.Therefore,translator’s subjectivity shoulders great significances on the success of literary translation,which isn’t arbitrary,out of control,must be conducted in line with essence of the original work.This paper focuses on the gender difference of translator’s subjectivity in literary translation,hoping to find a way of eliminating the influence of it in the translation work.
文摘Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seems to be difficult to do science and technology translation accurately and properly.Consequently,it is necessary for the translator to give play to his subjectivity when translating science and technology documents or related interpretation:searching for related data to replenish necessary professional knowledge,consulting with professional technicians actively to clarify the jargon and common sayings,and thinking critically to scrutiny the source text.
文摘The translator's subjectivity plays an indispensible role in the translating activity. As a senior translator, Prof. Zhang Peiji brings his subjectivity into full play in his prose translation, and the English version of "The Lane" can be regarded as one of his representatives. An examination of the translator's subjectivity reflected in this version helps to better understand Prof. Zhang's art of prose translation.
文摘WANG Zuo-liang is a famous writer and translator in china. He is best well known for his translation of Of Studies,while the research of his translated version Of Beauty and the research of translator's subjectivity remain seldom. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the application of translator's subjectivity in the Chinese version of Of Beauty translated by WANG Zuo-liang.
文摘In the study of translation history,it is observed that the academic position of translators has been changing.With the Cultural Turn in translation studies,the significance of translator’s subjectivity has been revalued.This paper compares and analyzes five English versions of Bai Juyi’s Asking Liu Shijiu from the view of translator’s subjectivity,probing into its manifestations at both the macro and micro level of rhyme,image,and effect of expression of the poem.
文摘In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides great convenience for transla⁃tion work.The main body of computer aided translation process is the translator,which avoids many drawbacks in machine transla⁃tion.This paper aims to have a brief analysis of the translator's subjectivity in the process of computer aided translation,which will be helpful for the development of the computer aided translation technology.
基金supported by Operation Project of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanism of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [131031001000150001]FIDELIS-Hubei Program [No. 2004-fid-4-034]。
文摘Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis(EFA). The Cronbach’s α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle,governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit.Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China’s Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.
文摘Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.
文摘In a clinical situation, repair of distal peripheral nerve defects can present a major challenge to neurosurgenns. Construction of tissue-engineered nerves is a novel solution for repairing peripheral nerve defects. The sciatic nerve is the largest peripheral nerve in the body and is known to have a relatively constant anatomical position, sufficient diameter to be easily exposed and operated upon with good repeatability, satisfactory local blood circulation, and is difficult to infect. Owing to these advantages, rat models of sciatic nerve defects are commonly used to study nerve regeneration and repair.
文摘This review article entitled "Physiological approaches to understanding molecular actions on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons underlying higher cognitive processing" examines the relationship between neurotransmitters and prefrontal cognitive function. The authors of this article are leading the field in such research.
文摘Following spinal cord injury, nerve repair is difficult due to limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system and inability of oli- godendrocytes to guide axonal growth. Several factors pose a challenge for neural regeneration following spinal cord injury. First, glial scars and cavities, which form after spinal cord injury, hinder axonal growth and result in degenerative necrosis of the nerve fibers. Second.
文摘It is with great pleasure that I am serving asa Guest Editor for a special issue of the ChinaCommunications on Communications and InformationSecurity for a second time.The goal of this issue is a continuation of theSpecial Issue by the same Editor which waspublished by CIC in February 2007.We
文摘Central nervous system injury often leads to incorrect links formed between dendrites and axons in neurons in the regeneration process resulting in histological injury and related dysfunction. The surrounding environment of neurons also inhibits neuronal regeneration by not providing enough support.
文摘The CHINESE JOURNAL OF METAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY was startedin 1985 and was the only metallurgical periodical in English at that time in China.It is pub-lished under the auspices of The Chinese Society for Metals and managed by the Institute ofMetal Research,The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The editor-in-chief is ProfessorChangxu SHI,member of CAS and director of the Division of Technological Science,CAS.
文摘Neural stem cells transplantation plays an important role in repair and cell replacement therapy for nervous system degenerative diseases. However, the self-repair effects are minimal because of a limited absolute number, as well as the local microenvironment, post-transplantation. A combined treatment utilizing stem cell transplantation and gone therapy can exert a dual effect involving stem cells and neurotrophic factors. The adenovirus carrier is
文摘Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis is considered to be the main cause of loss of vision in glaucoma patients. Microglia cells are phagocytic cells present in the retina. In the retina of glaucoma rat models, microglia cells become activated, which suggests a role for microglia in the pathogenesis of optic nerve injury in glaucoma patients. The retinal ganglion cell is the only cell that can produce action potential in the retina,
文摘Acupuncture at certain acupoints (specific sites for needle insertion) can induce the activation of specific regions of the brain. This activated brain region influences the target organ or tissue in order to treat the disease. Acupoint specificity is the basis of acupuncture therapy.