西藏交通警察道路执法工作的风险与防范

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意识与技能、执法装备、社会宣传和教育等角度探讨了相关风险的成因,针对性相关风险成因,提出从优化警力配置与道路信息推送、加强警员培训、完善警务装备、加强法治化宣传教育等工作来消除相关风险,以期保障警员安全并改善西藏交通环境。

Semantic model and optimization of creative processes at mathematical knowledge formation

The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.

Construction and Practice of Education and Teaching Quality Assurance Systems in Applied Colleges and Universities under the Background of Digital Intelligence

This paper discusses the optimization strategy of education and teaching quality assurance systems in applied colleges and universities under the background of digital intelligence.It first summarizes the relevant theories of digital intelligence transformation and analyzes the impact of digital intelligence transformation on higher education.Secondly,this paper puts forward the principles of constructing the quality assurance system of applied colleges,including strengthening the quality assurance consciousness,improving teachers’digital literacy,and implementing digital intelligence governance.From the practical perspective,this paper expounds on strategies such as optimizing educational teaching resource allocation,constructing a diversified evaluation system of teaching quality,strengthening the construction and training of teaching staff,and innovating teaching management methods.Specific optimization measures are put forward,such as improving policies,regulations,and system guarantees,strengthening cooperation between schools and enterprises,integrating industry,school,and research,building an educational information platform,and improving the monitoring and feedback mechanism of educational quality.

Exploration of Innovation Strategy in the Deep Integration of Information Technology and Education and Teaching

The rapid development of information technology provides a new opportunity and impetus for the reform of education and teaching.Deep integration of information technology and education and teaching is the only way to promote the modernization of education.Starting from the connotation of the deep integration of information technology and education and teaching,this paper analyzes the existing problems in the current integration process,and puts forward innovative strategies from the aspects of concept,resources,model,and evaluation.Through measures such as building a smart teaching environment,enriching high-quality teaching resources,innovating teaching organization models,and establishing multiple evaluation systems,we will realize the deep integration of information technology and teaching,promote the reform of teaching and learning methods,improve the quality of personnel training,and provide strong support for the modernization of education.

Research Based on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Driven by "Four Wheels" and Combination of Professional Education and Teaching-- Taking the " Specialty of Computer Application Technology in Hunan Ap-plied Technology University" as an Example

Implementing innovation and entrepreneurship education by combining with professional education in universities and colleges is an important measure to promote higher-quality employment and entrepreneurship of the graduates. The problems existing in the fusing teaching of computer application technology and innovation and entrepreneurship education are analyzed in this paper. By taking Hunan Applied Technology University as an example and in view of the existing problems, the mode of reform driven by "four wheels","professional talent training scheme by integrating optimization, innovation and entrepreneurship","implementing the specific teaching by integrating imovation,entrepreneurship and professional education","building many forms and university-enterprise cooperation platforms for innovation and entrepreneurship" and "setting up reasonable management and incentive mechanism for teachers and students" are proposed, to realize the dynamic integration of professional education and innovation and entrepreneurship education for the specialty of computer application technology.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Diagnose the Baumann Skin Type in All Ethnicities and in Various Geographic Locations

The Baumann Skin Typing System diagnoses patients as having one of 16 skin types based on their answers to a validated questionnaire [i] known as the Baumann Skin Type Indicator [ii]. The BSTI questionnaire has been tested over the last decade on over 200,000 people of various ages and ethnicities in different geographic locations around the world. In this study, data were collected from 52,862 patients to compare skin type prevalence between those who presented to doctor’s offices and those who took the quiz without supervision online. The most common skin types varied only slightly between patients that took the quiz online and those that completed the questionnaire in their doctor’s office. This indicates that the prevalence of skin types seen in the doctor’s office is similar to that in the general population and that supervision is not necessary to get an accurate result on the BSTI. [iii] In addition, comparison of data gathered in China, Korea, and the US did not show a significant difference in skin type prevalence between Asian and Caucasian skin types. [iv] This study demonstrates that the English version of the BSTI is valid for English speaking patients online, and in doctors’ offices in the US, China and Korea.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients: A comparative study using WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized definitions

To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients using WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and the new Harmonized definitions, and the concordance between these definitions. This study involved 313 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at two Malaysian tertiary hospitals. Socio-demographic data were assessed using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were carried out according to standard protocols. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were examined. Kappa (k) statistics were used for the agreement between the four MetS definitions. The overall prevalence rates of MetS (95% CI) were 95.8% (93.6-98.1), 96.1% (94.0-98.3), 84.8% (80.8-88.9) and 97.7% (96.1-99.4) according to the WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and the Harmonized definitions, respectively. The Kappa statistics demonstrated a slight to substantial agreement between the definitions (k = 0.179-0.875, p k = 0.875, p hest specificity (100%) in identifying MetS. In conclusion, the new Harmonized criteria established the highest prevalence of MetS among the four definitions applied. There was a very good concordance between the WHO and NCEP ATP III criteria. The extremely high prevalence of MetS observed in type 2 diabetic patients indicates an impending pandemic of CVD risk in Malaysia. Aggressive treatment of MetS components is required to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM.

On the Relationship Between Emotional Education and Teaching Effect

Emotional education aims at leading and adjusting students’ inner motivation of English learning,which affects students’ creative intelligence,cognitive ability and learning efficiency.Emotional education is not only a kind of teaching means,but also teaching purpose,which plays an important role in promoting teaching effect and even decides the success or failure of English teaching.

Practical strategies for increasing efficiency and effectiveness in critical care education

Technological advances and evolving demands inmedical care have led to challenges in ensuring adequate training for providers of critical care. Reliance on the traditional experience-based training model alone is insufficient for ensuring quality and safety in patient care. This article provides a brief overview of the existing educational practice within the critical care environment. Challenges to education within common daily activities of critical care practice are reviewed. Some practical evidence-based educational approaches are then described which can be incorporated into the daily practice of critical care without disrupting workflow or compromising the quality of patient care. It is hoped that such approaches for improving the efficiency and efficacy of critical care education will be integrated into training programs.

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

Prevalence of Dyspareunia and Its Effect on Sexual Life among Gynaecological Clinic Attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

Introduction: Dyspareunia is one of the most common complaints in gynae-cologic practice with tremendous effect on both quality of life and sexual rela-tionship of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life among gynaecology clinic attendees in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting participants between 12th May 2016 and 25th July 2016. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were used collection information on dyspareunia and its effect on sexual life at the Gynaecology clinic. The data was analyzed using Epiinfo version 7.1.5. Results: One hundred and four (104) women participated in this study. Most of the women studied were Igbos (95.19%), and were mainly between the age ranges of 21 - 30 years (66.35%). Most of them were married (89.42%), and were also mainly of the Pentecostal denomination (40.78%). The mean age at coitarche was 20.6 ± 3.95 years. Prevalence of dyspareunia was 36% and only 16% sought medical help. The various responses to dyspareunia were avoidance of sex 11%, reduced frequency of intercourse 8%, less desire for sex 19%, while majority of women with dyspareunia tolerated it (62%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspareunia is high in our society afflicting young women in their reproductive years with associated enormous stress on their sexual life.

A Contrast Research of Domestic and Foreign Strategies on Scientific Education and Teaching

There are six principles that instructors should consider when teaching the strategies and methods of education. This article investigates the differences between of domestic and foreign strategies of scientific education, considering content carrier selection and teaching styles. At the same time, domestic and foreign methods have much in common. The author presents pertinent suggestions that facilitate mutual benefit of the standard of scientific education,therefore allowing students to develop their science literacy.

Reflection on College Education and Teaching Management under New Media

Under the background of current social development,the role of media in the process of information dissemination is becoming more and more enlarged,the speed of information dissemination is greatly accelerated based on the platform built by the media.In the process of information dissemination,the related concepts of new media are derived based on the media platform.This is also the result of the continuous integration of information technology and network technology.Compared with the traditional media,the advantages of new media technology itself are more obvious both the source of information,but also the reporter and audience,so in the context of the development of new media art,the spread of various social hot issues is very fast,and the coverage is also wider.Under the background of the development of new media,colleges and universities themselves are greatly impacted by the information of new media,because people have higher acceptance of new media,so they receive all kinds of information from the outside world through mobile phones and computers,which leads to the challenge of education and teaching management in colleges and universities at present.

Reform and Innovation of Education and Teaching in the Information Age--Comment on “Research on Education and Teaching Theory and Practice in the Information Age”

This paper takes“Research on Education and Teaching Theory and Practice in the Information Age”as the main research object,and discusses the importance and influence of education and teaching reform and innovation in the information age.First,it introduces the background of education in the information age,including the characteristics of the information age and the development status of education.Secondly,it summarizes the main content of the book“Research on the Theory and Practice of Education and Teaching in the Information Age.”Lastly,the key points of education and teaching reform in the information age are discussed in order to provide effective guidelines and support for the practice of future education and teaching reform.

Media and Information Literacy in Inclusive Education: A Team Teaching Concept at the Technische Universitat Dortmund

There is a desideratum in the research about the interdependencies of inclusive education and media education. Digital media can facilitate individualized and cooperative learning. Additionally, digital media can be used to promote inclusion. However, which factors influence the acquisition of media and information literacy in inclusive education? Comparative international studies, e.g., the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), show how social challenges, such as participation and handling heterogeneity at school, can be addressed through media. In numerous studies, it becomes apparent that German teachers do not sufficiently see the potential of digital media, especially for the improvement of learning opportunities for individuals with diverse learning requirements. German teachers are not well able to apply digital media appropriately in their lessons. Teachers need to be qualified and to design modern education with accessible media. In Germany, the ratio between available computers and pupils (1:4) is far better than the rate between teaching with and without computers. According to the teacher’s reports, only 9% of teachers are using digital media daily. Approximately 40% use digital media seldom or never. It seems that the cause is a skeptical attitude towards media among teachers, especially in humanities. That may result from missing didactical competences regarding digital media. The idea of Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and extending that explanatory model for teachers’ competencies on the inclusive practices builds the theoretical background for the design of joint seminars by the Research Center Youth-Media-Education as part of the Faculty for Cultural Studies and the Research Cluster Technology for Inclusion and Participation at the University of Dortmund. Prospective teachers should become familiar with this way of collaboration. Already for four years now, a teaching team from these two departments designs collaborative lectures. Inclusive teaching and learning in different contexts are practiced in tutorials with practical approaches as well. In tandems, the students develop a learning situation at school or extracurricular institutions. Afterward, they present it. The presentation focuses on the concept, its teaching and learning conditions, and competence orientation as well as opportunities and limitations.

Human-AI Cooperation in Education: Human in Loop and Teaching as leadership

Using the differences and complementarities between human intelligence and artificial intelligence(AI),a hybrid-augmented intelligence,that is both stronger than human intelligence and AI,is created through Human-AI Cooperation(HAC)for teaching and learning.Human-AI Cooperation is infiltrating into all links of education,and recent research has focused a lot on the impact of teaching,learning,management,and evaluation with Human-AI Cooperation.However,AI still has its limits of intelligence,and cannot cooperate as humans.Thus,it is critical to study the obstacles of Human-AI Cooperation in education,as AI plays a role as a partner,not a tool.This study discussed for the first time how teachers and AI cooperate based on Multiple Intelligences of AI proposed by Andrzej Cichocki and puts forward a new Human-AI Cooperation teaching mode:human in the loop and teaching as leadership.It is proposed that humans in the loop and teaching as leadership can solve the problem that AI cannot cope with complex and dynamic teaching tasks in open situations,as well as the limits of intelligence for AI.

Development of Specialized Courses and Establishment of Teaching Materials in Nursing of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11 thCentral Committee of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the promotion and development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the pace of TCM nursing work has been accelerated in nationwide,and a group of integrated Chinese and western medicine nurses have been cultivated preliminarily. However,professional nurses of integrated Chinese and western medicine are still deficient extremely. The target of talent cultivation,based on the theory of "focusing on humanism,expanding diathesis,and enhancing practice to highlight the accommodation and integration of nurses of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine",is to cultivate competent,practical and interdisciplinary senior nursing talents with strong professional basis,skilled operations,rich humanistic literacy,and sharp innovative spirit who not only master modern nursing knowledge and skills,but also can perform comprehensive nursing under the guidance of TCM theory of holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and nursing. This study,through investigating and analyzing the settings of3-year nursing professional courses in about 20 senior medical colleges,including senior nursing education of TCM,reformed the development of professional nursing courses of integrated Chinese and western medicine and the establishment of educational materials according to the course settings and educational work modes,so as to analyze the current status of nursing education of integrated Chinese and western medicine,determine course targets,and establish course system and educational work modes.

谈《The Practice of English Language Teaching》中的平衡活动法

平衡活动法是教育界一直很关注的一个热点话题。了解平衡活动法的基本内容、合理性和活动方法,探讨其在课堂教学中应注意的问题,对克服传统教学法的弊端,吸收交际法的精华和人本主义教学法"the wholeperson"的思想,改进我国的外语教学,具有积极的意义。

Delirium Severity and Correlates among Medical Inpatients Admitted through Accident and Emergency Unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital

Background: Delirium is one of the most common medical emergencies and is associated with poor outcomes including: mortality, prolonged length of stay and poor functional outcome. The more severe delirium is the worst the clinical outcomes of medical illness. Despite the obvious, not much has been documented on delirium severity and its associated factors among medical inpatients in low income countries including Nigeria. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the severity of delirium among medical inpatients admitted through the Accident and Emergency unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital as well as to assess its associated Sociodemographic and Clinical characteristics. Method: This was a cross-sectional study that employed a consecutive sampling technique to select 290 eligible subjects from medical inpatients that presented to Accident and Emergency unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital. On admission, patients were assessed for delirium using Confusion Assessment Method and severity of delirium was evaluated using Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98. Results: Of the 105 delirious medical inpatients, 48 (45.7%) had severe delirium, 41 (39.1%) developed less severe delirium while 16 (15.2) presented with no severe delirium. Sociodemographic characteristics found to be significantly associated with less to more severe delirium include male gender (P = 0.001), nonprofessionals (P = 0.003), income range of N20,000 - N49,000 (P Conclusion: This study demonstrates that delirium is often associated with higher severity in Accident and Emergency unit admission and there are strongly associated clinical characteristics to watch out for in high risk medical inpatients.

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.