A Summary of Educational Scholars’View on Educational Purpose during the Period of the Republic of China

By using literature data analysis,taking the views of educational scholars during the Republic of China as an entry point,selecting representative educational scholars from that period,studying the educational goals of those educational scholars,as well as summarizing and refining their educational concepts,it has been found that the focus was on the cultivation of a sound personality,the development of spiritual values,the cultivation of social responsibility,as well as the cultivation of national consciousness.These four aspects are consistent with the comprehensive development demands by the educational purposes of modern countries in terms of moral,intellectual,physical,artistic,and labor;they provide new supplements and impetus for the current educational purposes to cultivate effective people and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Influence of Confucius＇ Moral Standards on Wellbeing of Academics in Higher Education in China in the Context of the Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream, adopted by General Secretary Xi Jinping, was used and spread in China. It is about Chinese prosperity, collective effort, socialism and national glory. It is also about the welfare, wellbeing, and quality of life of every Chinese. Academics in higher education in China are facing changes both across the globe and in China, they must take the challenges. This paper does research on wellbeing of the academics from the aspects of the definition of wellbeing, the situation both in the world and in China, the Chinese concept of happiness, the possible influence of Confucius moral standards on wellbeing of Chinese. This paper may help school leaders implement policies that foster effective work environment in the new era in China.

A Review of China Tourism Education during the Republic of China( 1912 - 1949 )

With the primary development of tourism industry during the Republic of China,tourism education had drawn the attention of the relevant people and a number of practical activities were carried out one after another.This article mainly analyzed the general situations of tourism education of the Republic of China from the object,the form and the content of tourism education and thought that tourism education of that period had extensive objects,various forms,rich and practical contents.Also the characteristics of tourism education during the Republic of China had a positive role in the future development of tourism education in China.

Disciplinary development of global health academic degree programs in China

This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.

A Glimpse of the Initial Conditions for the Development of Science and Technology and Soviet Specialists in the PRC:1949–1955

This article aims to analyze the so-called“starting point”when modern scientific and technological successes in China were in their infancy,and to provide the reader with insight on how various challenges were overcome in their development.The period under review is 1949–1955.The information about this period was obtained from Soviet archives and special literature.The first part of the article describes the state of affairs in the People’s Republic of China(PRC)in the early years of its formation,focusing on education,science,industry(including military),communications,and rail transport.The second part turns to the Soviet specialists working in the PRC during these years,focusing on their profession,number,cities of residence and living conditions.Issues regarding Chinese specialists’internship in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)are also touched upon.The article selects several lesserknown areas in which professional competencies were established in this very weak post-war country to discover the origins of the most important science and technology in the contemporary PRC,thereby contributing to readers’understanding of the initial conditions for the development of science and technology in China.

Development and construction of China's higher education libraries

Libraries in China's higher education institutions have been developing in keeping pace with the flourishing development of China's higher education. This article aims to make an introduction to the construction of China's higher education libraries, especially the recent three decades' achievements since China's reform and opening-up in 1978. In this article, the authors draw a general picture of the development of libraries in China's higher education institutions, covering such eight aspects as management, types and positioning,organizational structure and personnel, expenditure and buildings, reader service, building and sharing of resources as well as automation system.

民国时期职业教育资源分布研究

民国时期我国职业教育资源在国家政策等因素影响下,呈现出时间、空间及不同类型职业学校分布有所差异的特征,主要表现为地区分布不均衡但逐渐全面,集中于公立职业学校之中,抗日战争全面爆发前后分布有所差异等。民国时期职业教育资源分布是我国当前职业教育资源分布的基础,也为我国当前职业教育资源分布提供了相应镜鉴:承接分布传统,实现职业教育资源合理分布;完善国家顶层设计,均衡职业教育资源分布;优化职业教育资源供给,形成优质资源共享;加强专项建设,提高薄弱地区资源配置效率;国内外职业教育资源协同共建,引进国外职业教育资源。

民国时期建教合作政策的生成与转化——话语分析的视角

建教合作政策是产教融合政策的前身之一,话语分析是解构它的准备、生产与消费谱系的可行方法。在话语准备中,民国时期的特殊社会语境赋予建教学校、行政运行、专业教学三组政策群以经济、政治、文化色彩。话语权势、话语秩序、话语立场的由民转官、由弱转强、由建议转命令三处语用转折显示了建教合作政策的话语生产节点。在政府、媒体、政策部门中,建教合作政策的话语消费表现为稳定性、演绎性、共时性3条互文逻辑。基于话语准备、话语生产、话语消费的维度展开对民国时期建教合作政策的析理与透视,除了能够厘清民国时期建教合作政策的诞生情况,还能讨论当下产教融合政策的发展。

改革开放后华中、华南的教育学人:1978—1999

教育学人群体研究是教育学术和教育学科研究的新视野、新领域。本文基于个人记忆,并对证文献资料,记述改革开放之后20年我国华中和华南地区教育学人群体的基本情况。其中,华中教育学人以华中师大为中心,以河南大学、湖南师大、湖北大学、华中理工大学、武汉大学等为骨干,在教育基本理论、教育管理学、教育经济学、比较教育学、高等教育学、中外教育史、课程与教学论、学科教育学、教育实验与研究法、理论和应用心理学、教育学教材建设等方面的研究,位于全国先进行列,并具有鲜明的中原、荆楚和湖湘学术特色。华南教育学人以华南师大为首领,以广西师大、广州师院、广东教育学院、暨南大学、汕头大学、深圳大学等为骨干,在教育统计与测量、教育与教学理论、中外教育史、比较教育学、教育与发展心理学、教育技术学、高等教育学、教育社会学和社会心理学、粤港澳教育等学科或领域的研究,处于全国领先水平,并自成一派。

贯彻最有利于学前儿童的原则:立法与实践的双重审视

学前教育高质量发展是实现“幼有优育”的必由之路,而立法则是促进学前教育高质量发展的有力保障。《中华人民共和国学前教育法(草案)》以最有利于学前儿童的原则为根本立场,旨在解决学前教育实践中面临的诸多问题。《草案》强调以公益普惠为基本方向,保障学前儿童的受教育权和参与权;推进科学保教,遵循学前儿童的身心发展规律;规定家园社三方协同育人责任,优化学前儿童的成长环境。尽管《草案》在许多方面具有前瞻性和指导意义,充分体现了对学前儿童权益的高度重视,但在具体实施上,仍需进一步完善相关条款,健全相应的制度保障。

改革开放后华北的教育学人:1978—1999(一)

改革开放之后,华北地区以北京为中心,是全国教育学科研究和教育科学发展的高地。华北教育学人以北京师范大学和中央教育科学研究所为龙头,以首都师范大学、北京教育学院、天津师范大学、河北大学、河北师范大学、山西大学、内蒙古师范大学等高校,与国家教育发展研究中心、人民教育出版社课程教材研究所、北京大学高等教育科学研究所、清华大学教育研究所、中国科学院心理研究所、北京教育科学研究所、天津教育科学研究院,以及河北、山西、内蒙古的教育科学研究所等科研机构为骨干,在几乎所有教育学科领域都位于全国前列,或处于领跑地位。

改革开放后华东的教育学人:1978—1999(一)

改革开放后,华东教育学人以华东师大为首,以杭州大学(现浙江大学)、南京师大、山东师大、曲阜师大、福建师大、厦门大学、江西师大、安徽师大、上海师大、苏州大学、徐州师院(现江苏师大)、浙江师大、杭州师大等高校以及省市教育学院、教育科研机构为骨干,在大多数教育学科领域都处于较高水平,尤其是在教育基本理论(含马克思主义教育思想和教育哲学)、德育原理、中外教育史、比较教育学、高等教育学、学前教育学、特殊教育学、职业教育学、教育社会学、教育评估学、教育教材学、学校管理学、学科教育学、基础心理学和心理学史、发展与教育心理学、工业心理学等学科领域的研究,居于全国领跑地位。

改革开放后西北、东北的教育学人:1978—1999

改革开放之后是我国教育学科发展的黄金期,对这一时段教育学人的回顾和总结,是教育学术史研究的一个新领域。基于个人记忆并对证文献资料,自述改革开放之后20余年我国西北和东北地区教育学人群体的基本情况。西北地区教育学人以西北师大、陕西师大为中心,以兰州大学、青海师大、新疆师大、宁夏大学、延安大学与相关省市教科所等为骨干,在课程教学论、教育技术学、教育学原理、外国教育史、教育研究法、发展与教育心理学、心理学基本理论以及民族教育、革命老区教育、西部教育等领域处于全国领先地位。东北地区教育学人以东北师大为引领,以辽宁师大、沈阳师大和哈尔滨师大与吉林大学、延边大学、渤海大学以及三省的教育学院、教育研究单位为骨干,在教育基本理论、德育论、教学论、马克思主义教育思想理论、中国教育史、比较教育学、学科教育学、普通心理学、儿童发展和教育心理学、高等教育管理、教育政策和农村教育、特殊教育、职业技术教育、教育控制论等学科或领域的研究,走在了全国的前列。

民国诗学对传统的继承和超越

在中外学术交流融合的背景下,民国时期产生了大量关于“诗学”的学术著作,标志着中国诗学从此进入了新的发展阶段,中西新旧诗学都融入了现代化的学术体系。民国诗学对中国文学传统既有继承,又有超越。这种学术上的“超越”主要表现在新旧融通的诗学理念、由创作论向本体论的拓展、跨学科的研究方法、学理性和艺术性兼具的学术语言四个方面。民国诗学处于从传统学术走向现代学术的重要转型期,在学术史上具有重要的地位。

高校思政课有效落实《爱国主义教育法》探赜

《中华人民共和国爱国主义教育法》的颁布和施行,从法律层面为高校思政课爱国主义教育提供了法律保障和制度保障。高校思政课有效落实《爱国主义教育法》,要从整体性把握《爱国主义教育法》实施的时代内涵、价值基础和法律支撑,从系统性透视《爱国主义教育法》实施的总体要求、要素特征、支持保障,从动态性推进《爱国主义教育法》实施的主体对象、载体创新、具体转化及评价体系,充分发挥高校思政课推进爱国主义教育法治化规范化的阵地作用,为高水平推进新时代爱国主义教育事业高质量发展提供重要遵循。

二十世纪三十年代中国教育发展之哲学方向的讨论及其影响

得益于杜威访华,教育专业留学生纷纷回国服务,二十世纪二三十年代成为中国教育哲学蓬勃发展的黄金时代。在这一时期,教育界酝酿了一场有关中国教育发展哲学方向的大讨论。1934年,吴俊升在天津的《大公报》上发表《中国教育需要一种哲学》,批评中国教育过于讲求“方法”和“制度”,而忽视教育背后的“理想或目标”,缺乏一种教育哲学。吴俊升的论文引发了一场大讨论,姜琦、郑宗海、张君劢、徐伯申等学者参与其中。这场讨论体现了当时教育哲学研究“从模仿到创作”的发展,反映了研究者在促进教育哲学本土化方面的追求,有力地推动了教育哲学学科建设。这场教育哲学讨论与教育发展、社会改革紧密联系在一起,扩大了教育哲学的社会影响。

近代读书会教育功能的需求分布、形式延展与价值回归——基于民国报纸的讨论

梳理民国报纸文献中的读书会主题史实,从组织者、对象、功能、举措等维度解析了近代读书会的基础教育、职业教育与高等教育三大功能,揭示了近代读书会在提升国民素质、深化学术研究、增进职业技能等方面发挥的积极作用,尤其是在宣扬爱国主义教育、推动国际文化交流等方面的正面导向意义,同时辨析了国民政府借文化之名推动国内反动斗争及由此引发的关于传统文化的辩证思考,揭露了帝国主义借文化之名实施意识形态侵略的史实,并探索了新时代背景下以读书会推动进步共读、提升文化自信的教育实践方向。

民国时期师范学校乡村教育课程设置

20世纪二三十年代,为帮助乡村教师候选人了解将要从事的乡村教育工作,乡村师范、高中师范科和部分高校专门开设了“乡村教育”课程。出于训练适合乡村需要的乡村教师的目标,民国时期的乡村教育课程汇总了与乡村社会和乡村教育相关的各方面内容,强调乡村教师候选人应深入乡村进行实践,在课程实施中与农业类课程相辅相成。在当今的乡村教师培养过程中,应重新思考乡村教育课程的性质与定位,探寻开设乡村教育课程的可行性路径;主动适应乡村社会需求,培育乡村教师的特殊素养;积极联系乡村实际,增强课程教学的实践性。

观念、方法与取向——余上沅与熊佛西民国时期戏剧教育思想之比较

作为民国时期中国最有影响力的两位戏剧教育家,余上沅与熊佛西尽管早年经历相似,但戏剧观念及戏剧教育观念却有较为明显的差异。余上沅的戏剧教育观念更具连续性,熊佛西的戏剧教育观念则更具发展性。两人都兼顾办刊与办学,注重培养学生的研究素质。在教育实践中,对于话剧中国化问题,余上沅更偏重借鉴戏曲艺术,而熊佛西则似乎更偏爱吸收民间戏剧形式。抗战促使二人的戏剧功能观发生转变,并直接或间接地影响了他们的戏剧教育观念。在主持四川省立戏剧教育实验学校期间,熊佛西凭借军事化管理将该校同一般意义上的戏剧学校区分开来。余上沅则选择了话剧科和高职科的分类培养方式,从而既坚守了戏剧的艺术性,也实现了戏剧的抗战宣传职能。

共和国教育与中国当代文学研究的现状与反思

共和国教育与中国当代文学之间存在着密切的关系,但系统全面地解读两者关系的研究成果还不多见。有些专著虽涉及教育与中国当代文学之间的关系,但大都不是专题论述。笔者在梳理有关这一课题研究既有成果的基础上,以机构研究、制度研究和理念研究作为切入点,探索共和国教育体制对文学创作的正反作用,为当下文学教育提供镜鉴。