Analysis of the Characteristics and Development Direction of Services Trade in Shandong Province of China

Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.

Discussion on Cultural Integration and Educational Services for International Students from the Perspective of Situational Communication

From the perspective of situational communication,this paper aims to explore how to promote cultural integration and provide better educational services for international students in China.This paper first analyzes the basic assumptions and key factors of situational communication based on international students in China.Secondly,the relationship between situational communication and cultural integration and educational services for international students in China is discussed in depth.Additionally,the role of situational communication in educational services for international students in China,such as promoting cross-cultural communication,solving language barriers,and enhancing mutual understanding,is proposed.Lastly,from the perspective of situational communication,an optimization path of educational services and cultural integration for international students in China is proposed,including the provision of diversified educational resources,the enhancement of cross-cultural communication,and the establishment of an effective communication mechanism.This study expands the perspective of educational services for international students in China,provides a new theoretical framework and practical path,and offers a reference for promoting cultural integration and improving educational services for international students in China.

Trade-Offs and Synergie Effects of Regulating Ecosystem Services along an Climatic Gradient in Slovakia

This study aims to assess the synergies and trade-offs of regulating ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are non-linearly interconnected and changes in one service can positively or negatively affect another. We evaluated ecosystem services based on biophysical indicators using an expert scoring system that determines the corresponding soil functions and is part of the existing databases available in Slovakia. This methodological combination enabled us to provide unique mapping and assessment of ecosystem services within Slovakia. Correlation analysis between individual regulating ecosystem services and climate regions, slope, texture, and altitude confirm the statistically significant influence of climate and slope in all agricultural land, arable land, and grassland ecosystems. Statistically significant synergistic effects were established between the regulation of the water regime and the regulation of soil erosion within each climate region, apart from the very warm climate region. Only in a very warm climate region was potential of regulating ecosystem services mutually beneficial for soil erosion control and soil cleaning potential (immobilization of inorganic pollutants).

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Karst Area of China Driven by Grain-for-Green Program

As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in the Taihu Lake Ba- sin of China

Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin(TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making.

Analysis of services trade and employment in China by co-integration and causality

This article describes a study by co-integration test and Granger causality test on the relationships between China's services trades and employment using the data of services trade from the WTO website and the employment data from China Statistic Yearbook for the years from 1982 to 2003. Co-integration test showed that 1% increase in export value and import value of services created respectively 0.205% and 0.068 7% more job opportunities in the service sector. Both export and import of services impacted positively on employment in service industry, and export did more than import. However, in the short run, the impacts of services export and import on employment in service industry were both very small, though positive; and the impacts of employment in service industry on both export and import of services were very big, but not stable. Granger causality test indicated that employment in service industry was a Granger cause of services export. The findings highlight the importance of facilitating services import and reducing import barriers, and suggest that the competitiveness of China's labor- intensive services trade can be exploited to boost services export and help employment in service sector, and that the structure of services trade should be optimized by shifting from labor-intensive to knowledge-and technology-intensive services thus to enhance China's competitiveness of services export.

CIFTIS: A Barometer of Global Trade in Services

CIFTIS is the world’s largest comprehensive fair for services trade,and also an important platform to showcase China’s services.According to the organizers,this year’s CIFTIS reached 1,627 outcomes,including624 contracted projects,223 investment projects,200 agreements and contracts,158 official publications,46 cooperation platforms,139 innovation debuts and 264 rating and recommendations.

CIFTIS: Using Action to Promote the Development of Trade in Services

CIFTIS(the China International Fair for Trade in Services)was held in Beijing in September,2020.As the world’s first comprehensive exhibition of trade in services,CIFTIS has built a bridge of mutual communication and a transaction platform for tens of thousands of enterprises across the world.CIFTIS was also the first international trade and economic event held offline by China since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic.The event focused on the theme“global services and shared prosperity”and exhibited the achievements of China’s trade in services.The Chinese government has used its practical actions to deepen international cooperation,stimulate the world’s economic development and promote global trade development.

Sight on Services—— China International Fair for Trade inServices provides a platform to strengthen cooperation in service trade between China and Africa

China International Fair for Trade in Services provides a platform to strengthen cooperation in service trade between China and Africa On September 4, the First Bank of Nigeria (FBN), the oldest commercial bank in Nigeria, signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the China-Africa Industrial Forum at the Sixth Africa Theme Day Forum held during the 2021 China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS).

An Investigation Into the Needs and Challenges of County-Level Family Education Guidance Services and Corresponding Improvement Measures

The delivery of targeted family education guidance services is essential for establishing a three-in-one education model that encompasses families,schools,and communities.It is also the key to creating a favorable educational environment that promotes the comprehensive and healthy development of individual students.To gain a comprehensive understanding of family education characteristics and trends in Chinese counties,accurately tap into the educational needs of parents,and effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in family education guidance services,this paper employed a quantitative research method based on a questionnaire survey and interview data from J district of C city after years of continuous monitoring of the quality of family education in the area,aiming to explore these issues and put forward several suggestions for improvement.The results indicate that the family learning environment and atmosphere in the district are generally favorable,while parental educational competence requires further improvement.Parents express a strong desire for interactive,systematic,and fragmented family education guidance from schools.Most parents acknowledge the significance of receiving guidance on family education,yet they are disinclined to actively engage in learning-related activities.While the operational mechanisms of county-level family education guidance services have been continuously improved,there is a need for greater overall coordination.Furthermore,the potential of school-led family education guidance services has yet to be fully tapped,and the scientific and professional standards of such guidance need to be further enhanced.Based on the aforementioned findings,we propose recommendations for improvement.Using J district’s effective improvement practices in management,curriculum,and teams as an example,we intend to explore practical ways to promote county-level family education guidance services and provide a valuable reference for the establishment of a comprehensive and effective system to improve such services.

Use of Component Integration Services in Multidatabase Systems: A Feasible Solution for Integrating Academic Institutions or Commercial Industries

The book chapter is an extended version of the research paper entitled “Use of Component Integration Services in Multidatabase Systems”, which is presented and published by the 13th ISITA, the National Conference of Recent Trends in Mathematical and Computer Sciences, T.M.B. University, Bhagalpur, India, January 3-4, 2015. Information is widely distributed across many remote, distributed, and autonomous databases (local component databases) in heterogeneous formats. The integration of heterogeneous remote databases is a difficult task, and it has already been addressed by several projects to certain extents. In this chapter, we have discussed how to integrate heterogeneous distributed local relational databases because of their simplicity, excellent security, performance, power, flexibility, data independence, support for new hardware technologies, and spread across the globe. We have also discussed how to constitute a global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system using Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise’s Component Integration Services (CIS) and OmniConnect. This is feasible for higher education institutions and commercial industries as well. Considering the higher educational institutions, the CIS will improve IT integration for educational institutions with their subsidiaries or with other institutions within the country and abroad in terms of educational management, teaching, learning, and research, including promoting international students’ academic integration, collaboration, and governance. This will prove an innovative strategy to support the modernization and large expansion of academic institutions. This will be considered IT-institutional alignment within a higher education context. This will also support achieving one of the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations: “Goal 4: ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning”. However, the process of IT integration into higher educational institutions must be thoroughly evaluated, identifying the vital data access points. In this chapter, Section 1 provides an introduction, including the evolution of various database systems, data models, and the emergence of multidatabase systems and their importance. Section 2 discusses component integration services (CIS), OmniConnect and considering heterogeneous relational distributed local databases from the perspective of academics, Section 3 discusses the Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE), Section 4 discusses the role of component integration services and OmniConnect of Sybase ASE under the Multidatabase System, Section 5 shows the database architectural framework, Section 6 provides an implementation overview of the global conceptual schema in the multidatabase system, Section 7 discusses query processing in the CIS, and finally, Section 8 concludes the chapter. The chapter will help our students a lot, as we have discussed well the evolution of databases and data models and the emergence of multidatabases. Since some additional useful information is cited, the source of information for each citation is properly mentioned in the references column.

数字服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究

随着科技发展水平的不断提高,数字技术越来越广泛地被运用到生产生活的各个领域。数字贸易作为新型贸易模式,引领着贸易发展的方向。通过考察数字技术方式交付的数字服务贸易,基于因子分析法构建数字服务贸易国际竞争力评价的综合评价指标,利用2014—2018年OECD成员国和金砖国家为样本,比较分析40个样本国家综合因子得分和排名。结果显示:发达国家在数字服务贸易格局中竞争力较强,占据主导地位;发展中国家出口竞争力较弱,处于不利位置;中国数字服务贸易国际竞争力提升十分迅速,但在数字基础设施建设和政策支持环境等方面处于劣势,进而针对性地提出政策建议。

中国服务贸易高质量发展的测度及国际比较——基于新发展理念的视角

党的二十大报告指出要全面贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,以推动高质量发展为主题,加快建设贸易强国。服务贸易作为国际贸易的重要组成部分,其发展质量日益成为衡量贸易强国的关键指标。文章基于新发展理念,结合高质量发展的内涵,构建服务贸易高质量发展指标体系,运用熵值法对全球36个主要国家2010—2021年的服务贸易发展质量进行测度和比较。研究结果表明:2010年以来,中国服务贸易发展质量排名由第14位上升至第11位,与发达国家的差距逐渐缩小;从分维度指标来看,中国服务贸易的绿色和共享发展水平位于世界前列,但创新、协调和开放发展水平较为落后。最后,根据测度及比较的结果,结合新发展理念提出了推动我国服务贸易高质量发展的对策建议。

国家自主创新示范区设立与服务贸易高质量发展

自主创新是实现企业高质量发展、提升国际竞争力的必由之路。基于1997—2021年中国省级数据,使用合成控制法和双重差分法实证分析了国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的影响及其机制。研究发现,国家自主创新示范区设立能显著促进服务贸易高质量发展,且通过技术创新和产业结构升级促进了服务贸易高质量发展。异质性分析发现,相较于中西部地区,国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的促进作用在东部地区更大。因此,中国应继续鼓励国家自主创新示范区扩围发展,加快科技成果转化,中西部地区要大力发展科技服务业,以促进服务贸易高质量发展。

服务业数字化转型与服务贸易高质量发展——以上海为例

如何驱动服务业数字化转型和赋能服务贸易高质量发展,是新时代上海经济与社会高质量发展的核心命题之一,是适应世界经济发展潮流大势而在全球竞争中谋取战略主动的关键,也是抢占国际经济与治理话语权“制高点”的必由之路。服务业数字化转型赋能推动服务贸易高质量发展的机制作用,表现为服务贸易的贸易创造效应、投资创造效应、渠道扩张效应和包容增长效应。上海是数字经济先行区,数字化转型和服务贸易高质量发展应用场景丰富,但上海服务业数字化转型与服务贸易高质量发展也面临一系列制约,在规模与结构、广度和深度、人才和企业、体制和机制等方面还存在明显不足。因此,上海必须抓住国家自贸试验区和新片区、浦东开发区和引领区、进博会以及长三角一体化等多重战略叠加的优势,直面全球数字科技、数字经济发展和数字经贸规则重构的机遇与挑战,全方位大力度推进首创性改革、引领性开放,进一步推动服务业数字化转型与服务贸易高质量发展。

医学生志愿服务对医学教育的意义与思考

医学生作为志愿者参与志愿服务时,不仅能让其将自身所学的理论知识与实践相结合,提高其专业水平,而且可以培养其人文素养。医学生志愿服务是医学院校开展思想政治教育的有效载体,在树立医学生正确的世界观、人生观和价值观以及提升实践能力等方面发挥着重要作用,其所具有的职业特性和奉献精神传递着爱心和奉献,对促进社会进步也具有积极作用。文章以医学生志愿服务的起源为出发点,介绍了医学生志愿服务的发展过程及现状,阐述了其对本科医学教育的意义和重要性;总结概括了目前我国医学生志愿服务存在的4个方面的问题,并在此基础上探讨了新时期医学生志愿服务发展的方向与路径,为进一步优化志愿服务育人功能,增强思想政治教育的时代感染力提供了参考。

生态型县域生态系统服务时空格局及其协同关系——以国家全域旅游示范区江西省武宁县为例

[目的]分析生态型县域生态系统服务的时空变化及协同关系,为促进国家生态文明建设,实现生态保护和社会经济协调发展提供理论参考。[方法]以江西省武宁县为例,结合野外实测数据,运用InVEST模型评估了该区2000—2020年水源涵养、土壤保持、碳储存和粮食供给4种典型生态系统服务,在此基础上探讨了生态系统服务间的协同关系及其时空变化特征。[结果]①2000—2020年,武宁县单位栅格年平均水源涵养量从173.14 mm提升至283.92 mm,单位栅格年平均粮食供给量从3.52 kJ提升至5.34 kJ,两者均呈现增长趋势;土壤保持功能呈先减少,后增长,再减少的波动趋势;20 a间土壤保持功能下降了15.71%,而碳储存功能呈现微弱增长的趋势。②武宁县南部和北部的林地是水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存的高值区;水域、建设用地及未利用地分布区域是水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存的低值区;4种生态系统服务中,林地和耕地是生态系统服务功能发展的关键用地。③武宁县水源涵养、土壤保持和碳储存3者之间是协同关系,与粮食供给是权衡关系;“高—高”和“低—低”集聚的协同关系主要分布在高海拔的林地及水域,“高—低”和“低—高”集聚的权衡关系主要分布在耕地。[结论]2000—2020年武宁县生态系统服务功能整体呈上升趋势,未来应重点关注生态调节服务功能向资源价值的转化。