China Institute of Metrology's Educational Model for Standardization

Education and training in standardization are the basic guarantee for both the implementation of national strategies of standardization and the construction of a national system of standards. As a typical organization representing Chinese universities providing standardization education, China Jiliang University has made remarkable achievements in the educational process. This paper analyzes the current educational status of standardization in China Jiliang University, summarizing the characteristics of its education of standardization and highlighting issues existing in the process of education and training. Based on all of these, related countermeasures and the future development pattern for the education of standardization in China Jiliang University are proposed in the paper, from which the future trends for education of standardization in Chinese universities can be predicted.

Training indicators and quantitative criteria for emergency nurse specialists

Objective： By constructing a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialist（ENS）, we can ensure smooth operations and quality training for ENS.Methods： First, the frame structure of indicators was designed on the basis of system theory and the balanced scorecard method. Meanwhile, corresponding quantitative standard indicators were compiled through literature analysis and a review of training characteristics. Next, screening indicators were collected through consultation with experts and statistical calculations. The indicators weight coefficient was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）. Finally, indicators were validated in two groups of nurses in two different training courses.Results：（1） We created a three-level indicator system： level-Ⅰ dimensions have 4 indicators, while level-Ⅱ dimensions and level-Ⅲ dimensions have 13 and 34 indicators, respectively;（2） The coefficient of expert＇s judgment is 0.840, familiarity is 0.914 and authority is 0.877, and the three rounds of coordination coefficient are 0.456, 0.553 and 0.715, respectively;（3） There are at least 56 indicators in alternative quantitative standards; and（4） The alpha reliability value of the indicator system in the two training course had no significant difference（P 〉 0.05）. The same result was observed when examining two groups of nurses in one training course（P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions： This study established a training system of quality evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists that is objective, reliable, easy to operate and representative according to scientific selection and verification. This system can therefore provide a basis for quality evaluation and targeted improvement for ENS training in addition to promoting health.

Developing the information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop a standardized and reliable measurement tool for assessing information-seeking behavior of undergraduate students.Design/methodology/approach: Based on information literacy and information-seeking behavior theories, expert advice and students' interview, items of undergraduates' informationseeking behavior indicators were selected. With the analysis of homogeneity reliability, item analysis and factor analysis, this study constructs an assessment system to evaluate reliability and validity of the scale.Findings: The information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has divided undergraduates' information-seeking behavior into seven dimensions, which include 46 items. The reliability analysis of Cronbach's α was 0.910, and the coefficient of split-half reliability was0.817. The results of factor analysis showed that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO) was 0.864,which indicates 55.536% of the total variation could be explained by the above seven dimensions.Research limitations: Due to a small sample size and limited sample distribution, further research need be conducted in an expanded sample size in order to explore the application scope of this evaluation system; in addition, the stability of the scale also need be confirmed.Practical implications: The paper sets up an information-seeking behavior evaluation system for undergraduates and explores the characteristics of their information-seeking behavior.This study provides guidance for the development of future information literacy education and the improvement of the information literacy level of undergraduates.Originality/value: An information-seeking behavior scale for undergraduates has been developed, which comprehensively covers information need, information source, information evaluation, information retrieval, information management, information utilization and information morality. The scale is proved to have good reliability, validity, popularity anddiscrimination that it is qualified to be an assessment tool of information-seeking behavior for Chinese undergraduates.

The Conformity of University Accounting Education Curriculum to the Needs of the Labor Market in Romania

This study represents empirical research that aims to investigate how the labor market for the financial-accounting segment in Romania requires professional and personal skills developed within the accounting education curriculum in the Romanian universities of this profile, or these produce young practitioners inappropriate from the curricular point of view to the employers＇ demands. The study develops a statistical analysis of frequencies, aiming to find an importance stratification of the professional and personal characteristics in the employers＇ demands. The study groups the job advertisements into three categories： for financial accounting, managerial accounting and audit, and seeks to identify specific curriculum descriptors for these categories of professional development. At the same time, the study does a frequency analysis of curriculum descriptors and job execution, comparatively to the management jobs, attempting to do a hierarchy of professional and personal skills, depending on the wording of notices by employers. The conclusions of the report attempts to be a synthesis of the study assumptions results that lead to the idea that the curricular programs of the universities of this profile, though responding in terms of theoretical knowledge, should be extended in practice, but particularly in the personal skills development, which are defining in a competitive selection process.

A Brief Introduction to Standardization Education at the School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

This article briefly introduces the history, current situation and characteristics of standardization management education in the School of Business and Administration （SBA）, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law （ZUEL）. ZUEL＇s different levels of standardization education are discussed in detail, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and continuing education training for working professionals. Also ZUEL＇s teaching style, research foundation, and relative experiences in standardization education are introduced. ZUEL＇s capacity and characteristics are comprehensively shown and expected further developments in standardization education at ZUEL are provided.

“Real People” is the Core View of the Materialization of the Object of Patriotic Education

The object of patriotism education is the people,who are the creators of the spirit of patriotism and constantly add new connotations to it.Historical activities are the activities of the masses,with the deepening of historical activities,it will be the expansion of the masses.Patriotism education is an important part of ideological and political education activities,and it is the stage that cannot be crossed to realize the real community.

Chinese Medicine Education and Its Challenges in the United States

Over the past 4 decades Chinese medicine （CM） has comeincreasingly into the spotlight in the United States as the clinical effectiveness ofCM has been not only empirically well-tested over a long period of time but alsoproven by recent scientific research. It has proven cost effectiveness, safety, andis authorized for natural and holistic approaches. In consideration, CM is one of theunderutilized health care professions in the United States with a promising future.However, CM faces many challenges in its education and system, its niche in thehealth care system as an independent profession, legal and ethical issues. This paperdiscusses the confronting issues in the United States： present education, standardsof CM education with shifting first professional degree level, new delivery systemsof CM education. Development of new research models, training of evidence-basedpractice, and implementation of integrative medicine into CM education also are the key issues in the currentCM profession. This paper also discusses opportunities for the CM profession going beyond the current status,especially with a focus on fusion medicine.

From External Accountability to Potential-Oriented Development:Quality Assurance System Building for Teacher Preparation in China

Purpose:From the perspective of performance standards-based teacher education,this article aimed to address progress and challenges of China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system.Design/Approach/Methods:This review is based on policy review and case studies.Retrieving to the existing research literature,this research sorted out the policies related to the quality assurance system for university-based teacher preparation in China.Furthermore,this research selected teacher preparation programs from five cases of teacher education colleges of varied levels and used interviews to analyze their attitudes and measures.Findings:The analysis reveals that the quality system for university-based teacher preparation in China’s educational institutions has gone through two main stages:the building stage and the improvement stage.The internal policy tension in China’s teacher preparation quality assurance system is primarily centralized in the dissociation among and segmentation between the relevant standards for teacher education.There is a distinction between“soft”and“hard”policy standards,and reforming the teacher certification testing system also brings a test-oriented bias and a separation of evaluation from education.Institutions of higher education are expected to follow the path of potential-oriented development and concentrate on cooperative partnerships between local communities and schools so as to nurture innovative,professional future educators with high quality.Originality/Value:This article provides a comprehensive and detailed policy analysis as well as empirical evidence for the quality assurance systemfor university-based teacher preparation in China.