Iron and ferritin effects on intensive care unit mortality:A metaanalysis

BACKGROUND The effect of serum iron or ferritin parameters on mortality among critically ill patients is not well characterized.AIM To determine the association between serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients.METHODS Web of Science,Embase,PubMed,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies on serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients.Two reviewers independently assessed,selected,and abstracted data from studies reporting on serum iron or ferritin parameters and mortality among critically ill patients.Data on serum iron or ferritin levels,mortality,and demographics were extracted.RESULTS Nineteen studies comprising 125490 patients were eligible for inclusion.We observed a slight negative effect of serum ferritin on mortality in the United States population[relative risk(RR)1.002;95%CI:1.002-1.004].In patients with sepsis,serum iron had a significant negative effect on mortality(RR=1.567;95%CI:1.208-1.925).CONCLUSION This systematic review presents evidence of a negative correlation between serum iron levels and mortality among patients with sepsis.Furthermore,it reveals a minor yet adverse impact of serum ferritin on mortality among the United States population.

Systematic analysis and modeling of the FLASH sparing effect as a function of dose and dose rate

Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quantitative and systematic analysis of data is necessary.Particularly,the FLASH effect response model to the dose or dose rate is still unclear.This study investigated the relationships between the FLASH effect and experimental parameters,such as dose,dose rate,and other factors by analyzing published in vivo experimental data from animal models.The data were modeled based on logistic regression analysis using the sigmoid function.The model was evaluated using prediction accuracy,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve.Results showed that the FLASH effect was closely related to the dose,mean dose rate,tissue type,and corresponding biological endpoints.The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering cognitive protection in the brain was 45 Gy s^(-1).The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering intestinal crypt survival and regeneration was 140 Gy s^(-1).For the skin toxicity effect,the dose corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering the FLASH effect was 24 Gy.This study helps to characterize the conditions underlying the FLASH effect and provides important information for optimizing experiments.

Decoupling of temporal/spatial broadening effects in Doppler wind LiDAR by 2D spectral analysis

Pulse echo accumulation is commonly employed in coherent Doppler wind LiDAR(light detection and ranging)under the assumption of steady wind.Here,the measured spectral data are analyzed in the time dimension and frequency dimension to cope with the temporal wind shear and achieve the optimal accumulation time.A hardware-efficient algorithm combining the interpolation and cross-correlation is used to enhance the wind retrieval accuracy by reducing the frequency sampling interval and then reduce the spectral width calculation error.Moreover,the temporal broadening effect and spatial broadening effect are decoupled according to the strategy we developed.

Effect of boundary conditions on shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials

The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the shakedown domains of these materials. The static shakedown theorem, also known as Melan's theorem, is a fundamental method used to predict the shakedown domains of structures and materials. Within this method, a key aspect lies in the construction and application of an appropriate self-equilibrium stress field(SSF). In the structural shakedown analysis, the SSF is typically constructed by governing equations that satisfy no external force(NEF) boundary conditions. However, we discover that directly applying these governing equations is not suitable for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials. Researchers must consider the requirements imposed by the Hill-Mandel condition for boundary conditions and the physical significance of representative volume elements(RVEs). This paper addresses this issue and demonstrates that the sizes of SSFs vary under different boundary conditions, such as uniform displacement boundary conditions(DBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions(TBCs), and periodic boundary conditions(PBCs). As a result, significant discrepancies arise in the predicted shakedown domain sizes of heterogeneous materials. Built on the demonstrated relationship between SSFs under different boundary conditions, this study explores the conservative relationships among different shakedown domains, and provides proof of the relationship between the elastic limit(EL) factors and the shakedown loading factors under the loading domain of two load vertices. By utilizing numerical examples, we highlight the conservatism present in certain results reported in the existing literature. Among the investigated boundary conditions, the obtained shakedown domain is the most conservative under TBCs.Conversely, utilizing PBCs to construct an SSF for the shakedown analysis leads to less conservative lower bounds, indicating that PBCs should be employed as the preferred boundary conditions for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials.

Analysis of the Effect of Humanistic Care in the Process of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of humanistic care in pre-hospital emergency care.Methods:From April 2020 to January 2021,80 pre-hospital emergency patients were studied.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(n=40),which received conventional care,and an experimental group(n=40),which received humanistic care.The effects of nursing care and psychological state were compared between the two groups.Results:The experimental group showed better nursing outcomes and a more positive psychological state compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Humanistic care in pre-hospital emergency settings is more effective in reducing patients’anxiety and depression,enhancing the operational abilities and service attitudes of nursing staff,and increasing the emergency success rate.

A Study of the Teaching Effects of Case Analysis in Cross-Cultural Communication Class-Taking Individualism-Collectivism Cultural Dimension Class as an Example

This study introduces the individualism-collectivism dimension of the cultural dimension of cross-cultural communication initiated by Geert Hofstede.Different cultures must develop a way of correlating that strikes a balance between caring for themselves and showing concern for others.Individualist culture encourages uniqueness and independence while collectivist culture emphasizes conformity and mutual assistance.This article introduces how to use case analysis method to effectively carry out classroom teaching in this cultural dimension.

Analysis of level structure and monopole effects in Ca isotopes

Understanding the properties of nuclei near the double magic nucleus^(40)Ca is crucial for both nuclear theory and experiments.In this study,Ca isotopes were investigated using an extended pairing-plus-quadrupole model with monopole corrections.The negative-parity states of^(44)Ca were coupled with the intruder orbital g_(9/2)at 4 MeV.The values of E_(4+)/E_(2+)agree well with experimental trend from^(42)Ca to^(50)Ca,considering monopole effects between νf_(7/2)and νp_(3/2)(νf_(5/2)).This monopole effect,determined from data of^(48)Ca and^(50)Ca,supports the proposed new nuclear magic number N=34 by predicting a high-energy 2^(+)state in^(54)Ca.

BRI’s Employment Effect on Participating Countries and Mechanism Analysis

Based on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper uses panel data from 124 countries between 2006 and 2019 to build a difference-in-differences(DID)model to investigate the BRI employment effect on participating countries and mechanisms.We observed that the BRI had significantly increased employment rates in participating countries,and that this result remained robust after using the instrumental variable(IV)to mitigate endogeneity and perform a robustness test.There are differences in the BRI’s employment effect depending on the income level,labor conditions,and the digital economy’s development level of BRI countries:compared with low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries,the BRI has a more significantly positive effect on the employment rates of upper-middle-income and high-income countries;the BRI’s employment effect is stronger in countries with higher labor market efficiencies and better labor relations;In countries with higher levels of digital economy,the BRI has a relatively greater positive effect on employment.The BRI has increased employment rates in participating countries on both the supply and demand sides by building infrastructure,interconnecting industries and resources,and improving human capital through the exchange of human resources.Further analysis suggests that the BRI’s employment effect promotes the sophistication of participating countries’employment structures,hence improving employment quality,and that participating countries’employment levels may continue to improve in the medium and long run.

Influencing factors analysis of hard limestone reformation and strength weakening under acidic effect

Roof disaster has always been an important factor restricting coal mine safety production.Acidic effect can reform the rock mass structure to weaken the macroscopic strength characteristics,which is an effective way to control the hard limestone roof.In this study,the effects of various factors on the reaction characteristics and mechanical properties of limestone were analyzed.The results show that the acid with stronger hydrogen production capacity after ionization(pK_(a)<0)has more prominent damage to the mineral grains of limestone.When pKa increases from−8.00 to 15.70,uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of limestone increase by 117.22%and 75.98%.The influence of acid concentration is manifested in the dissolution behavior of mineral crystals,the crystal defects caused by large-scale acid action will lead to the deterioration of limestone strength,and the strength after 15%concentration reformation can be reduced by 59.42%.The effect of acidification time on limestone has stages and is the most obvious in the initial metathesis reaction stage(within 60 min).The key to the strength damage of acidified limestone is the participation of hydrogen ions in the reaction system.Based on the analytic hierarchy process method,the influence weights of acid type,acid concentration and acidification time on strength are 24.30%,59.54% and 16.16%,respectively.The research results provide theoretical support for the acidification control of hard limestone roofs in coal mines.

Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

Impact of digital economy development on carbon productivity:An empirical analysis based on threshold effect and spatial spillover effect

Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.

Effects of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Heavy Rainfall Simulation over the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula:Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP Analysis Data Effects and Verification with Dropsonde Observation

This study evaluated the simulation performance of mesoscale convective system(MCS)-induced precipitation,focusing on three selected cases that originated from the Yellow Sea and propagated toward the Korean Peninsula.The evaluation was conducted for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)analysis data,as well as the simulation result using them as initial and lateral boundary conditions for the Weather Research and Forecasting model.Particularly,temperature and humidity profiles from 3D dropsonde observations from the National Center for Meteorological Science of the Korea Meteorological Administration served as validation data.Results showed that the ECMWF analysis consistently had smaller errors compared to the NCEP analysis,which exhibited a cold and dry bias in the lower levels below 850 hPa.The model,in terms of the precipitation simulations,particularly for high-intensity precipitation over the Yellow Sea,demonstrated higher accuracy when applying ECMWF analysis data as the initial condition.This advantage also positively influenced the simulation of rainfall events on the Korean Peninsula by reasonably inducing convective-favorable thermodynamic features(i.e.,warm and humid lower-level atmosphere)over the Yellow Sea.In conclusion,this study provides specific information about two global analysis datasets and their impacts on MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation by employing dropsonde observation data.Furthermore,it suggests the need to enhance the initial field for MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation and the applicability of assimilating dropsonde data for this purpose in the future.

Effect of silica fume and glass powder for enhanced impact resistance in GGBFS-based ultra high-performance geopolymer fibrous concrete:An experimental and statistical analysis

Solid waste recycling is an economically sound strategy for preserving the environment,safeguarding natural resources,and diminishing the reliance on raw material consumption.Geopolymer technology offers a significant advantage by enabling the reuse and recycling of diverse materials.This research assesses how including silica fume and glass powder enhances the impact resistance of ultra-high-performance geopolymer concrete(UHPGC).In total,18 distinct mixtures were formulated by substituting ground granulated blast furnace slag with varying proportions of silica fume and glass powder,ranging from 10%to 40%.Similarly,for each of the mixtures above,steel fibre was added at a dosage of 1.5%to address the inherent brittleness of UHPGC.The mixtures were activated by combining sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution to generate geopolymer binders.The specimens were subjected to drop-weight impact testing,wherein an examination was carried out to evaluate various parameters,including flowability,density at fresh and hardened state,compressive strength,impact numbers indicative of cracking and failure occurrences,ductility index,and analysis of failure modes.Additionally,the variations in the impact test outcomes were analyzed using the Weibull distribution,and the findings corresponding to survival probability were offered.Furthermore,the microstructure of UHPGC was scrutinized through scanning electron microscopy.Findings reveal that the specimens incorporating glass powder exhibited lower cracking impact number values than those utilizing silica fume,with reductions ranging from 18.63%to 34.31%.Similarly,failure impact number values decreased from 8.26%to 28.46%across glass powder contents.The maximum compressive and impact strength was recorded in UHPGC,comprising 10%silica fume with fibres.

Meta-analysis of new intervention measures for preventing side effects of artificial joint replacement

BACKGROUND Intertrochanteric fracture of the femur occurs mostly among older people,and seriously affects daily life and quality of life.At present,physical intervention,drug treatment,routine intervention and rehabilitation training are widely used for prevention of side effects,but it is still inconclusive which intervention has the best effect.AIM To compare the effects of new intervention measures for preventing side effects of artificial joint replacement.METHODS We searched the Chinese and English literatures for comparative studies on the prevention of side effects of new interventions for artificial joint replacement from July 2013 to June 2023 in China HowNet,PubMed,Wanfang,Weipu and other databases.Study quality was evaluated by improved Jadad scoring standard,and the effects of different interventions on preventing different complications were analyzed by meta-analysis of evidence-based medicine with Review Manager 5.0 software.RESULTS Ten articles,including 869 cases,were finally included.The preventive effects of different interventions on the side effects of artificial joint replacement were studied,and valid data were extracted.There were two articles on the preventive effects of drug intervention,four on comparison of the preventive effects of combined and single interventions,and three on the preventive effects of physical intervention,rehabilitation training and routine intervention.Meta-analysis showed that the preventive effect of rivaroxaban was significantly better than low molecular weight heparin calcium[mean difference(MD)=-0.16,95%CI:-0.28 to-0.04,P<0.05].The effect of combined intervention was significantly better than that of single intervention(MD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.16 to-0.01,P<0.001).Physical intervention was significantly better than routine intervention and rehabilitation training(MD=0.26,95%CI:0.16–0.36,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban combined with rehabilitation training is preferred for preventing deep vein thrombosis after artificial joint replacement.In the prevention of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban drug intervention is given priority.The effect of combined intervention is better than that of single intervention.

Analysis of impact pressure,rock-breaking effect,and ground vibration induced by the disposable CO_(2)fracturing tube

The technology of expansion fracturing with liquid CO_(2)(EFLCO_(2))has attracted increasing attention due to reduced vibration and damage.The disposable fracturing tube has been developed and is gradually replacing the Cardox tube.However,there is a lack of impact pressure testing of disposable tubes under real working conditions,selection of gas explosion design parameters,and systematic analysis of blasting vibration.This limitation has constrained the widespread application of disposable fracturing tubes in engineering.A joint monitoring of the pressure-time curves in the disposable tubes and boreholes was conducted.The rock-breaking effect of varying hole spacing parameters in the EFLCO_(2)design was analyzed,and a systematic study was carried out on the vibration peak value,frequency,and energy characteristics.The results show that(1)the pressure distribution characteristics,stress peak value,and duration in the disposable tubes are different from those of Cardox tubes,which show multi-peak distribution,low-pressure peak value,and short duration.The correlation between the pressure in the disposable tube,filling pressure,and liquid CO_(2)weight is established,and a theoretical calculation method for the borehole wall pressure is proposed;(2)The hole spacing in rocks of different hardness is suggested;and(3)At the same scale distance,the peak particle velocity(PPV)caused by EFLCO_(2)(PPVCO_(2))is significantly smaller than that caused by blasting(PPVexplosive).The ratio of PPVexplosive to PPVCO_(2)is a power function related to scale distance,and a distance-related zonality exist in this relationship.The frequency composition of the vibration signal caused by EFLCO_(2)is relatively simple with a narrow frequency band.Its PPV and energy are mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band.This research contributes to the optimization of disposable fracturing tubes,gas explosion design,and vibration hazard control.

Effect of FeSi additive in dual-chamber sample cup on thermal analysis characteristic values and vermiculating rate of compacted graphite iron

Thermal analysis plays a key role in the online inspection of molten iron quality.Different solidification process of molten iron can be reflected by thermal analysis curves,and silicon is one of important elements affecting the solidification of molten iron.In this study,FeSi75 was added in one chamber of the dual-chamber sample cup,and the influences of FeSi75 additive on the characteristic values of thermal analysis curves and vermiculating rate were investigated.The results show that with the increase of FeSi75,the start temperature of austenite formation TALfirstly decreases and then increases,but the start temperature of eutectic growth TSEF,the lowest eutectic temperature TEU,temperature at maximum eutectic reaction rate TEM,and highest eutectic temperature TERkeep always an increase.The temperature at final solidification point TEShas little change.The FeSi75 additive has different influences on the vermiculating rate of molten iron with different vermiculation,and the vermiculating rate increases for lower vermiculation molten iron while decreases for higher one.According to the thermal analysis curves obtained by a dual-chamber sample cup with 0.30wt.%FeSi75 additive in one chamber,the vermiculating rate of molten iron can be evaluated by comparing the characteristic values of these curves.The time differenceΔtERcorresponding to the highest eutectic temperature TERhas a closer relationship with the vermiculating rate,and a parabolic regression curve between the time differenceΔtERand vermiculating rateηhas been obtained within the range of 65%to 95%,which is suitable for the qualified melt.

Alleviative effects of Bacillus coagulans strains on irritable bowel syndrome-unraveling strain specificity through physiological and genomic analysis

The high intraspecies heterogeneity of Baciillus coagulans leads to significant phenotypic differences among different strains.Thus,6 B.coagulans strains were tested in the present study using an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)animal model to determine whether the IBS-alleviating effects of B.coagulans strains are strain-specific.The results of this study showed that the ingestion of B.coagulans GBI-30,6086,and B.coagulans CCFM1041 significantly alleviated IBS symptoms in mice.In contrast,other B.coagulans strains showed no or limited alleviating effects on IBS symptoms.According to our experimental results,the two main common features of these strains were as follows:1)The resistance of vegetative cells to bile salts,and 2)ability to synthesize specific lipids and secondary metabolites.Screening strains based on these two indicators may greatly reduce costs and provide a basis for mining new functional B.coagulans strains.Our results also suggest that administration of B.coagulans could significantly regulate microbiota dysbiosis in animal models.Moreover,the close relationships between the gut microbiota,gut microbiota metabolites,and IBS were further confirmed in this study.

Qualitative Analysis of a Diffusive Predator-prey Model with Nonlcoal Fear Effect

In this paper,we establish a delayed predator-prey model with nonlocal fear effect.Firstly,the existence,uniqueness,and persistence of solutions of the model are studied.Then,the local stability,Turing bifurcation,and Hopf bifurcation of the constant equilibrium state are analyzed by examining the characteristic equation.The global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium point is investigated using the Lyapunov function method.Finally,the correctness of the theoretical analysis results is verified through numerical simulations.

Effects of dietary olive oil, camellia seed oil and soybean oil on serum lipid composition in women with a high risk of cardiovascular disease: a lipidomic analysis

Numerous studies currently compare the lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and healthy individuals to identify lipid markers for predicting CVD.In this study,multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics was used to examine the serum lipidomics of participants in a clinical randomized controlled feeding trial undergoing olive oil(OO),camellia seed oil(CSO),and soybean oil(SO)dietary interventions.189 lipid molecules are identified,including 14 species of phosphatidylinositol,45 species of ethanolamine glycerols(PE),47 species of choline glycerophospholipids(PC),39 species of triacylglycerols(TAG),18 species of lysophosphatidylcholine,and 26 species of sphingomyelin.After screening,10 lipid markers are found,among which 18:2 fatty acid(FA),16:1 FA,C54:4/C55:11,C54:3/C55:10,and C52:3/C53:10 in TAG pool,p18:0/20:0 and a18:0/18:1 in PC pool,and p18:1/20:4 in PE pool have differential regulation in the SO group compared to OO and CSO.The d16:0/18:1 in PC pool and C52:2/C53:9 in TAG pool are differentially regulated by OO and CSO.The C52:2/C53:9 in TAG pool has a significant negative correlation with aspartate aminotransferase(r=-0.363,P=0.048)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(r=-0.519,P<0.01).This study provides a reference for researching the effect of dietary fat on blood lipid metabolism.

Change Point Analysis to Detect the Effect of Pruning Severity on Tree Growth

The effect of pruning severity on tree growth was analyzed by change point detection using segmented regression. The present study applied this analysis to a well-known published data set including diameter growth response, tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. First, multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size on diameter growth response. Next, segmented regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of pruning severity on diameter growth response. The results of the multiple regression showed that diameter growth response was significantly influenced by pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. The results of the segmented regression showed that in the whole data set, an abrupt change toward a decrease in diameter growth response was detected at 25% of the live crown removed. However, in the group of fully crowned and open-grown, diameter growth response continuously decreased with increasing pruning severity with no significant abrupt change, whereas in the group of 70% - 90% live crown, diameter growth response did not significantly decrease up to the break point (53% crown removed) and then abruptly decreased. This may be the first study to show the numerical evaluation of the effect of pruning severity on tree growth by change point analysis.