Analysis of effect factors-based stochastic network planning model

Looking at all the indeterminate factors as a whole and regarding activity durations as independent random variables, the traditional stochastic network planning models ignore the inevitable relationship and dependence among activity durations when more than one activity is possibly affected by the same indeterminate factors. On this basis of analysis of indeterminate effect factors of durations, the effect factors-based stochastic network planning （EFBSNP） model is proposed, which emphasizes on the effects of not only logistic and organizational relationships, but also the dependent relationships, due to indeterminate factors among activity durations on the project period. By virtue of indeterminate factor analysis the model extracts and describes the quantitatively indeterminate effect factors, and then takes into account the indeterminate factors effect schedule by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The method is flexible enough to deal with effect factors and is coincident with practice. A software has been developed to simplify the model-based calculation, in VisualStudio.NET language. Finally, a case study is included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and comparison is made with some advantages over the existing models.

Analysis on the temporal-spatial distribution character and effect factors of PM10 in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert and surrounding area

In recent years, the physical and chemical properties of dust aerosols from the dust source area in northem China have attracted increased attention. In this paper, Thermo RP 1400a was used for online continuous observation and study of the hinterland of Taldimakan, Tazhong, and surrounding areas of Kurnul and Hotan from 2004 to 2006. In combination with weather analysis during a sandstorm in the Tazhong area, basic characteristics and influencing factors of dust aerosol PMl0 have been summarized as below： （1） The occurrence days of floating dust and blowing dust appeared with an increasing trend in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan, while the number of dust storm days did not significantly change. The frequency and intensity of dust weather were major factors affecting the concentration of dust aerosol PMI0 in the desert. （2） The mass concentration of PM10 had significant regional distribution characteris- tics, and the mass concentration at the eastern edge of Taklimakan, Kumul, was the lowest; second was the southern edge of the desert, Hotan; and the highest was in the hinterland of the desert, Tazhong. （3） High values of PM10 mass concentration in Kumul was from March to September each year; high values of PM^0 mass concentration in Tazhong and Hotan were distributed from March to August and the average concenlration changed from 500 to 1,000 gg/m3, respectively. （4） The average seasonal concentration changes of PM10 in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan were： spring 〉 summer 〉 autumn 〉 winter; the highest average concentration of PMl0in Tazhong, was about 1,000 gg/m3 in spring and between 400 and 900 gg/m3 in summer, and the average concentration was lower in autumn and winter, basically between 200 and 400 gg/m3. （5） PMl0 concentration during the sandstorm season was just over two times the con- centration of the non-sandstorm season in Kumul, Tazhong and Hotan. The average concentrations of sandstorm season in Tazhong were 6.2 and 3.6 times the average concentrations of non-sandstorm season in 2004 and 2008, respectively. （6） The mass concentra- tion of PM10 had the following sequence during the dust weather： clear day 〈 floating dust 〈 floating and blowing dust 〈 sandstorm. The wind speed directly affects the concentration of PM10 in the atmosphere, the higher the wind speed, the higher the mass concen- tration. Temperature, relative humidity and bammelric pressure are important factors affecting the strength of storms, which could also indirectly affect the concentration change of PM~ 0 in the atmosphere.

A Study on the Effect Factors of Community Participation in Tourism:Based on the Logistic Regression Analysis of Xingwen World Geopark

In order to find out the factors which influence community participation in tourism,several effect factors are summed up through the investigation of the local residents and the analysis of the logistic regression of the data gained from Xingwen world Geopark.Results indicated there are several main influencing factors of community participation such as the comparative benefit of tourist industry,participant residents' subjective wishes,preference consciousness of working opportunity obtainment in the tourist enterprise and participant skills.Based on above investigation data and field travel,the paper put forward several methods about how to enhance the residents' participant degree:increasing the comparative benefit of tourist industry,enhancing the attraction of tourism for boosting participant wishes,improving the preference consciousness on obtaining working opportunity in tourism industry and cultivating residents' participant skills through training.

Experimental Study and Fragility Analysis of Effective-Length Factors in Column Buckling

The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests.

The Refractive Effect of k-Factor on Radio Propagation over Lokoja, Nigeria

The effective earth radius factor(k-factor)has a refractive propagation effect on transmitted radio signals thus making its study necessary for the proper planning of terrestrial radio links and power budget.This study was carried out over the city of Lokoja,Nigeria,using ten years(2011 to 2020)atmospheric data of temperature,pressure and humidity both at the surface(12 m)and at 100 m AGL.The data were retrieved from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)ERA5.The k-factor yearly variation follows the same trend with minimum and maximum values obtained during dry and wet season months respectively.In addition,the highest mean value of 1.00042 was recorded in the month of August while the lowest value of 1.00040 was recorded in the month of January with an overall mean value of 1.0003.This value is less than the recommended standard of 1.33 by ITU-R.The propagation effect corresponding to k<1.33 is sub-refractive.The implication of this on radio wave propagation,especially terrestrial communications is that transmitted wireless signal is prone to losses.This can be mitigated through an effective power budget:Choice of transmitting antenna’s height and gain,so as to improve the Quality of Service over the study area.

Modeling Analysis of Factors Influencing Wind-Borne Seed Dispersal: A Case Study on Dandelion

A weed is a plant that thrives in areas of human disturbance, such as gardens, fields, pastures, waysides, and waste places where it is not intentionally cultivated. Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation response to global change. The process of seed disposal is influenced by wind, which plays a crucial role in determining the distance and probability of seed dispersal. Existing models of seed dispersal consider wind direction but fail to incorporate wind intensity. In this paper, a novel seed disposal model was proposed in this paper, incorporating wind intensity based on relevant references. According to various climatic conditions, including temperate, arid, and tropical regions, three specific regions were selected to establish a wind dispersal model that accurately reflects the density function distribution of dispersal distance. Additionally, dandelions growth is influenced by a multitude of factors, encompassing temperature, humidity, climate, and various environmental variables that necessitate meticulous consideration. Based on Factor Analysis model, which completely considers temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind, and land carrying capacity, a conclusion is presented, indicating that the growth of seeds is primarily influenced by plant attributes and climate conditions, with the former exerting a relatively stronger impact. Subsequently, the remaining two plants were chosen based on seed weight, yielding consistent conclusion.

Investigation of Pile Construction and Productivity Loss: An Analysis of Macro Impact Factor

Pile foundations are challenging to build due to subsurface obstacles, contractor ignorance, and difficulties with site planning. Given the unpredictable environment of the construction site, productivity losses during pile work are to be thought possible. Prior to finishing a site pre-investigation, a foundation’s area is usually sampled for statistical reasons. There are studies on pile construction outside of Bangladesh that are supported by relevant empirical data in the literature. Since Bangladesh, which is regarded as a third-world country, is ignored in this regard, the literature currently available about pile building and the associated productivity loss is unable to provide adequate information or appropriate empirical data. Due to this pile-building sector in Bangladesh has been experiencing a decline in production for quite some time now. Before attempting to increase productivity in pile construction, it is essential to investigate the potential losses and the variables that might have an influence. This study aims to accomplish the following objectives: 1) identify the primary factors that have an impact on pile construction;2) develop an SVR model that accurately predicts productivity loss;and 3) figure out the projected loss by basing it on the historical scenario that is the most comparable to the current one. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model was developed after a study of the relevant literature. This model enabled the collection of 110 pile building projects from five significant locations in Bangladesh. The model was constructed using a list of eight inputs in addition to a list of five macro elements (labor, management, environment, material, and equipment) (soil condition, pile type, pile material, project size, project location, pile depth, pile quantity, and equipment quantity). Using 10-way cross validation, the SVR achieves an accuracy of 87.2% in its predictions. On the basis of what has occurred in the past, we are able to estimate that there will be a loss of around 18.55 percent of the total output. A new perspective for engineers studying the delay factors with productivity loss is provided by the outcome of important tasks as it relates to loss in productivity and overall factors faced. In the building construction industry, effective management should place more emphasis on the correlation between productivity loss and the factors that cause it. Therefore, to represent the effect on productivity loss, real factors can be summed up as a decline in productivity loss. The findings of the study would urge specialists to concentrate on waste as a means of increasing overall production.

Effects of main range and strength factors on change of COD in a shallow lake

A model involving the relationship between non conservative matter (COD) and main range factors(loading, water stage) and strength factor (temperature) in a shallow lake has been established on the basis of less change of water stage area curve in certain extent, broader distribution in pollution sources and more homogeneous in quantity of heat. The effects of COD inflow and /or outflow, and hydro meterological factors upon COD content in Lake Taihu were calculated and simulated under the actual situation of the loadings and regimen. The results simulated by using the model are in better agreement with the observed field data. The error of the model was also discussed.

Interferon beta(IFN-β) treatment exerts potential neuroprotective effects through neurotrophic factors and novel neurotensin/neurotensin high affinity receptor 1 pathway

Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adulthood.

The Impact of Meteorological Factors on the Short-term Cumulative Effect of Air Particulate in Tianjin

In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration in a short time under the condition of breeze,stable weather and constant emission caused by human being's activities. Subsequently,an index of short-term cumulative effect is established with air diffusive equation,and then the macro-scale meteorological situation and micro-scale factors of forming the short-term cumulative effect are discussed with the observation data. The macro-scale meteorological variables contain upper-level weather situations and surface weather situations. The micro-scale factors mainly include the boundary-layer height and boundary-layer stability. The analyses show that boundary-layer factors and weather variables have a significant influence on the short-term cumulative effect. The notion of short-term cumulative effect will play an important role in interpreting the severe pollution weather.

ISOTHERMAL EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS FOR NONUNIFORM ACTIVE CATALYST

Isothermal effectiveness factors for slab,cylinder and sphere shaped catalysts with uniform or nonuni-form intrinsic activity profiles have been investigated.In the case of zero-,first- and second-order kinetics,the effectiveness factors of pellets with increasing activity towards the pellet surface are larger than that ofuniform active catalyst,and they are proportional to the square root of the activity at the pellet surfacewith significant diffusion effect.The effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus curves which are valid for bothuniform and nonuniform catalysts have been obtained with the Thiele modulus modified by equivalent thick-hess of effective layer of the catalyst.Thus,the effectiveness factor for nonuniform active catalyst could bepredicted with a maximun deviation of 5% in the case of significant or insignificant diffusion effect but 10%in general.

RNA-seq analysis of unintended effects in transgenic wheat overexpressing the transcription factor GmDREB1

The engineering of plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses typically involves complex multigene networks and may therefore have a greater potential to introduce unintended effects than the genetic modification for simple monogenic traits. For this reason, it is essential to study the unintended effects in transgenic plants engineered for stress tolerance. We selected drought-and salt-tolerant transgenic wheat overexpressing the transcription factor, GmDREB1, to investigate unintended pleiotropic effects using RNA-seq analysis. We compared the transcriptome alteration of transgenic plants with that of wild-type plants subjected to salt stress as a control. We found that GmDREB1 overexpression had a minimal impact on gene expression under normal conditions.GmDREB1 overexpression resulted in transcriptional reprogramming of the salt response,but many of the genes with differential expression are known to mitigate salt stress and contribute incrementally to the enhanced stress tolerance of transgenic wheat. GmDREB1 overexpression did not activate unintended gene networks with respect to gene expression in the roots of transgenic wheat. This work is important for establishing a method of detecting unintended effects of genetic engineering and the safety of such traits with the development of marketable transgenic crops in the near future.

ESTIMATION OF OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS FOR PARALLEL CATALYTIC REACTIONS

Approximate analytical expressions of overall effectiveness factors for parallel catalytic reac-tions occurring in a spherical catalyst pellet with both internal and external mass transfer resistancesare obtained after taking the information given by asymptotic solutions valid for small and largevalues of Thiele moduli.This approximate procedure is feasible for power law as well asLangmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the agreement between the approximation and the numerical re-sults is good enough for practical purposes.Moreover,the method does not require any iterative ortrial-and-error computation,and can be conveniently applied in most practical calculations for reac-tors giving reliable results.

ELECTROCARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CATALYTZED BY METALLOPORPHYRINS(Ⅳ)——EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON ELECTROCARBOXYLATION

The effects of various factors on the electrocarboxylation of organic compounds with carbon dioxide catalyzed by metalloporphyrin are studied.The optimal potential of electrocar- boxylation is -1.6 V(vs.SCE).A weak protic solvent methanol can enhance catalytic activity. Tetrabutylammonium iodide is the best one of five electrolytes.The yields and current efficiencies of electrocarboxylation are increased slowly as the concentration of catalyst increases.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECT OF RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY ON LIVER CANCER

Factors influencing the therapeutic effect of radiolmmunotherapy with 131I labeled anti- human hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) ferritin antibody (131I -FtAb) on thirty three patients with surgically proven unresectable HCC were studied. Multi- variable analysis with Cox' s regression model revealed that the statistically sig-nifieant factors include tumor size, activity of 131I administered each time and the second-look resection. Survival of patients with tumor diameter less than 10 cm was higher than that of patients with tumor diameter more than 10 cm (1-year survival; 84% versus 50%) 3-year survival; 63% versus 9% ). Patients administered with 5. 55×108 Bq to 9. 25× 10(?) of 131I-FtAb each time yielded better effect than those administered with more than 9. 25×108 Bq of 131I -FtAb (1-year, survival: 86% ver- sus 55%; 3-year survival: 50% versus 18%). When tumor shrank, patients underwent second-look resection had a higher survival than those without receiving second- look resection (1- year survival, 80%versus 66 %; 3-year survival; 80% versus 11%).

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Therapeutic Effects of Onychomycosis

In order to improve the curative effect of onychomycosis, the factors influencing the therapeutic effects were investigated. 545 cases including 245 males and 300 females, who were diagnosed both clinically and mycologically, were treated by Intraconazole with intermittent pulse therapy. The therapeutic effects were judged by the following observations regularly and analyzed from the factors as follows: age; growing speed of nails; accompanied diseases; family history; trauma of nails; infection ways of the pathogens; manifestation of the injury; pathogens; duration of the treatment. The results showed that the recovery rate was higher in younger patients (P<0.01) with a quicker recovery rate (P<0.001), and a lower recurrent rate (P<0.01), as well as in those with quicker growing speed of new-born nail. Also the patients with WSO and DLSO manifestation had a higher recovery rate. The patients with onychomycosis caused by T. rubrum had a higher recovery rate (P<0 01 to 0.001) no matter whether to prolong the treatment duration. The patients with diabetes mellitus or hyperhidrosis, as well as with positive family history or basic nail diseases such as trauma and paronychia, had a lower recovery rate and the curative effects were not satisfactory. It was concluded that although the single and some DLSO-manifestation nail injury could be cured by internal and external treatments with the help of removing the sick nail and the duration of the treatment could be shortened. The treatment duration should be prolonged in order to increase the curative effects and decrease the recurrence under such conditions as following: old patients above 60 years; patients with low-growing-speed new-borne nails; patients with thumb and big toel injury and ingrowing nai1; patients with diabetes mellitus, hyperhidrosis or Renauld's phenomenon; patients with nail trauma before or during the treatment; patients with PSO or TDO manifestation; patients with onychomycosis caused by Candida or Aspergillus; patients with abnormal new-borne nails of abnormal color, coarse surface or abnormal thickness.

The effects of the environmental factors on Laminaria disease caused by alginic acid decomposing bacteria

-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria. From the section of the decaying Lamuutria which resulted from the inoculation of alginic acid decomposing bacteria, it was observed that the bacteria invaded the epiderm of the Laminaria surface at first, then entered the ex-odermis, endodermis and pith. In addition, there were a great amount of bacteria in the intercellular region and a lot of free cells of the algae in the decaying areas. The wall of some free cells was decomposed, which led to soft tissue or disintegration. Alginic acid decomposing bacteria are normal epiphytic microorganisms growing on Lamuutria surface. These bacteria do not cause disease at normal environmental conditions. The experiments showed that the unfavourable conditions, e. g. , wounding, overcrowding, high temperature reduced the ability of antibacterial activity and made the algae more susceptible to the pathogens and favoured the multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria and finally led to the disease outbreak. The unfavourable environmental factors which resulted from a variety of reasons were the main cause of the disease.

Effect of ocean environmental factors on sound absorption by boric acid relaxation in sea water

By using the expressions for the maximum absorption per wavelength (αλ),and the relaxation frequency fr of the boric acid relaxation derived previously by the author and employing the related oceanographic literatures, the effects of pressure, temperature, pH and salinity on (αλ)r and ∫r of the boric acid relaxation in sea water have been estimated. Results show that ( αλ), not only increases with pH but also increases approximately linearly with pressure and temperature, and is nearly proportional to the 1. 35 power of salinity. However, pressure, pH and salinity have negligible effect on ∫r; therefore, ∫r, can be approximately expressed as a function of temperature only. Comparisons of the predicted with the measured ( αλ)r and ∫r in different ocean areas are given.

Modeling the Synergetic Effect of Various Factors on Chloride Transport in Nonsaturated Concrete

Diffusion has been systematically described as the main mechanism of chloride transport in reinforced concrete（RC） structure, especially when the concrete is in a saturated state. However, the single mechanism of diffusion is not able to describe the actual chloride ingress in the nonsaturated concrete. Instead, it is dominated by the interaction of diffusion and convection. With the synergetic effects of various factors taken into account, this study aimed to modify and develop an analytical convection- diffusion coupling model for chloride transport in nonsaturated concrete. The model was verified by simulation of laboratory tests and field measurement. The results of comparison study demonstrate that the analytical model developed in this study is efficient and accurate in predicting the chloride profiles in the nonsaturated concrete.