BACKGROUND： Dyslexic children exhibit reading ability unmatched to age, although they possess normal intelligence and are well educated. OBJECTIVE： To examine the performance of dyslexic children in Chinese charac...BACKGROUND： Dyslexic children exhibit reading ability unmatched to age, although they possess normal intelligence and are well educated. OBJECTIVE： To examine the performance of dyslexic children in Chinese characters visual recognition tasks and to investigate the relationship between priming effect in character recognition and dyslexia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control study was performed at the Department of Children and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between March and June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 75 primary school students in grades 3 and 5 were selected from two primary schools in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, and were assigned to three groups. （1） Reading disability （RD, n = 25）; （2） chronological age （CA） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and age-matched to the RD group）; （3） reading level （RL） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and RL-matched to the RD group）. All children were right-handed and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. METHODS： Recognition of target characters was performed in each child using a masked prime paradigm. Recognition speed and accuracy of graphic, phonological, and semantic characters were examined. Simultaneously, data, with respect to response time for each target character and error rate, were recorded to calculate facilitation values （unrelated RT-related RT）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Response time, facilitation, and error rate in Chinese character recognition task were calculated. RESULTS： The baseline-adjusted facilitation of graphic, phonological, and semantic priming for dyslexic children was -0.010, -0.010, and 0.001, respectively. Dyslexic children displayed inhibition in graphic and phonological prime conditions. Facilitations under the three prime conditions were 0.026, 0.026, and 0.022 for the CA group. In the RL group, results were 0.062, 0.058, and 0.031 respectively. The differences of baseline-adjusted facilitation across the three groups were significant [F （2, 216） = 17.91, P 〈 0.01 ], whereas the main effect of prime condition IF （2, 216） = 0.49, P 〉 0.05] and the interaction of group x prime condition [F （4, 216） = 0.91, P 〉 0.05] were not significant. The error rate under the three prime conditions was 0.066, 0.077, and 0.079 for the RD group. As for the CA group, the results were 0.057, 0.071, and 0.074 accordingly, and in the RL group, the results were 0.119, 0.111, and 0.121, respectively. The difference of error rate across the three groups was significant （F = 6.61, P = 0.002）. The error rate was significantly greater in the RL group, compared with the CA and RD groups, while no significant difference existed between the RD and CA groups. CONCLUSION： Dyslexic children were slower to recognize target characters than normal readers, and did not exhibit significant prime effects in graphic and phonological primer condition. These results suggested that dyslexic children exhibited general deficits in phonological and graphic processing, and presented a different pattern in character recognition. These results could be interpreted by parallel-distributed processing models.展开更多
Numerous and specialized words are main obstacles in immersion bilingual teaching of engineering graphics. A feasible solution to this problem is given by classifying new words into three categories. The fear of new w...Numerous and specialized words are main obstacles in immersion bilingual teaching of engineering graphics. A feasible solution to this problem is given by classifying new words into three categories. The fear of new words among students is overcome and the effect of bilingual teaching is greatly improved .展开更多
植被是综合体现矿区生态环境状况的关键因子。以NDVI值为参数,基于像元二分的遥感估算方法测度了1999—2010年大同矿区的植被覆盖情况。利用Global Moran's I、Getis-Ord General G、Getis-Ord Gi*、Anselin Local Moran I等空间关...植被是综合体现矿区生态环境状况的关键因子。以NDVI值为参数,基于像元二分的遥感估算方法测度了1999—2010年大同矿区的植被覆盖情况。利用Global Moran's I、Getis-Ord General G、Getis-Ord Gi*、Anselin Local Moran I等空间关联指数分别从全局演变和局部效应的视角揭示了矿区植被受煤炭开发等活动扰动的时空演化和内在作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)大同矿区植被盖度变化在空间上呈集聚分布状态,表现出很强的空间自相关性,这一现象在植被盖度最低时期最明显;(2)在植被盖度上升期,其变化的热点区不断减少或向次热点地区分散,矿区植被变化集聚效应越发不显著,总体上呈离散的态势。(3)煤炭开发对矿区植被的扰动呈现整体性特征,与煤炭产量成正比。(4)不同植被类型受煤炭开发扰动呈现不同的变化特征。(5)采用循环工艺的高效高产矿井大规模煤炭开发对植被的扰动作用尚不明显,但长期效应有待进一步研究。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30872132
文摘BACKGROUND： Dyslexic children exhibit reading ability unmatched to age, although they possess normal intelligence and are well educated. OBJECTIVE： To examine the performance of dyslexic children in Chinese characters visual recognition tasks and to investigate the relationship between priming effect in character recognition and dyslexia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control study was performed at the Department of Children and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between March and June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 75 primary school students in grades 3 and 5 were selected from two primary schools in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, and were assigned to three groups. （1） Reading disability （RD, n = 25）; （2） chronological age （CA） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and age-matched to the RD group）; （3） reading level （RL） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and RL-matched to the RD group）. All children were right-handed and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. METHODS： Recognition of target characters was performed in each child using a masked prime paradigm. Recognition speed and accuracy of graphic, phonological, and semantic characters were examined. Simultaneously, data, with respect to response time for each target character and error rate, were recorded to calculate facilitation values （unrelated RT-related RT）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Response time, facilitation, and error rate in Chinese character recognition task were calculated. RESULTS： The baseline-adjusted facilitation of graphic, phonological, and semantic priming for dyslexic children was -0.010, -0.010, and 0.001, respectively. Dyslexic children displayed inhibition in graphic and phonological prime conditions. Facilitations under the three prime conditions were 0.026, 0.026, and 0.022 for the CA group. In the RL group, results were 0.062, 0.058, and 0.031 respectively. The differences of baseline-adjusted facilitation across the three groups were significant [F （2, 216） = 17.91, P 〈 0.01 ], whereas the main effect of prime condition IF （2, 216） = 0.49, P 〉 0.05] and the interaction of group x prime condition [F （4, 216） = 0.91, P 〉 0.05] were not significant. The error rate under the three prime conditions was 0.066, 0.077, and 0.079 for the RD group. As for the CA group, the results were 0.057, 0.071, and 0.074 accordingly, and in the RL group, the results were 0.119, 0.111, and 0.121, respectively. The difference of error rate across the three groups was significant （F = 6.61, P = 0.002）. The error rate was significantly greater in the RL group, compared with the CA and RD groups, while no significant difference existed between the RD and CA groups. CONCLUSION： Dyslexic children were slower to recognize target characters than normal readers, and did not exhibit significant prime effects in graphic and phonological primer condition. These results suggested that dyslexic children exhibited general deficits in phonological and graphic processing, and presented a different pattern in character recognition. These results could be interpreted by parallel-distributed processing models.
文摘Numerous and specialized words are main obstacles in immersion bilingual teaching of engineering graphics. A feasible solution to this problem is given by classifying new words into three categories. The fear of new words among students is overcome and the effect of bilingual teaching is greatly improved .
文摘植被是综合体现矿区生态环境状况的关键因子。以NDVI值为参数,基于像元二分的遥感估算方法测度了1999—2010年大同矿区的植被覆盖情况。利用Global Moran's I、Getis-Ord General G、Getis-Ord Gi*、Anselin Local Moran I等空间关联指数分别从全局演变和局部效应的视角揭示了矿区植被受煤炭开发等活动扰动的时空演化和内在作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)大同矿区植被盖度变化在空间上呈集聚分布状态,表现出很强的空间自相关性,这一现象在植被盖度最低时期最明显;(2)在植被盖度上升期,其变化的热点区不断减少或向次热点地区分散,矿区植被变化集聚效应越发不显著,总体上呈离散的态势。(3)煤炭开发对矿区植被的扰动呈现整体性特征,与煤炭产量成正比。(4)不同植被类型受煤炭开发扰动呈现不同的变化特征。(5)采用循环工艺的高效高产矿井大规模煤炭开发对植被的扰动作用尚不明显,但长期效应有待进一步研究。
