Research on the path of effective management of participation in joint-venture railway companies by China railway group

Purpose-Following the regional restructuring,the number of joint-venture railway companies in which the Group participates has significantly increased.This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies.The study seeks to propose specific approaches to ensure the effective management of these companies,thereby maximizing the benefits of the regional restructuring and supporting the development of a strong transportation country and a modern infrastructure system.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the change in the shareholding relationship between China Railway Group and the joint-venture railway companies,and considering the current situation of the regional restructuring of these companies,as well as the insights from existing literature and typical case studies,this paper proposes some specific paths for effective management of joint-stock railway companies which China Railway Group participated in.Findings-The problems in participation management are the unclear dual leadership role of the party committee,the lack of discourse power,the lack of synergy between shareholders,the increasing risk of sustainable operation of the loss-making companies and the role of dispatched personnel is not fully played.Based on the theories,combined with the existing research and practical cases,the paper proposed specific approaches,such as perfecting top-level system design,maintaining the discourse power,carrying out differentiated management,arranging personnel rationally,arranging shareholders synergy,and innovating methods to provide references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint venture railway companies.Originality/value-This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies following the regional restructuring.The study offers novel insights and practical recommendations for addressing these challenges.The findings can serve as valuable references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint-venture railway companies which participated in,as well as for other stateowned enterprises facing similar challenges in managing their joint ventures.

Observation on the Effect of Health Education in Health Management of Chronic Disease Patients

Objective: By the end of 2021, the aging rate of China’s population is 18.9%, and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the elderly population is increasing year by year, and chronic diseases have become the main causes of death and health threats of Chinese residents. Therefore, how to manage this huge group well is crucial. This paper analyzes the value of health education in the process of health management for patients with chronic diseases. Methods: 102 patients with chronic diseases treated from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method. The control group was given routine health management while the experimental group was given health education based on the control group, and the implementation effect was analyzed. Results: After management, the scores of chronic disease knowledge in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the dimensions of ESCA were higher than those in the control group, and P < 0.05;Conclusion: The implementation of health education in the process of chronic disease health management is helpful to improve patients’ self-care ability and better control disease progression.

Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Application Effect of Health Management in Community Diabetic Population

Objective: This study aims to improve the health level of patients with diabetes in the community through health management measures under the concept of health management. Methods: Community residents were selected to detect, collate and analyze the social demographic information, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid level of diabetic patients before and after health management. Results: The study showed that after the implementation of health management education in the community, the detection rate of diabetes patients increased, but the population was no longer mainly elderly patients, but mainly people under 60 years old. The levels of body mass index, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased (all P Conclusion: Through the investigation of patients before and after health management in residential communities, this study shows that the correct implementation of health management can effectively improve the physiological indicators of diabetes patients, improve the level of health quality, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetes patients in communities.

Effect of Health Management in Raising Awareness Rate of Disease Prevention and Treatment in Patients with Prehypertension

Objective: To analyze the effect of health management on improving the awareness rate of disease prevention and treatment in patients with prehypertension, so as to provide guidance for clinical management of patients with prehypertension. Methods: 108 patients diagnosed with prehypertension in our hospital were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was not given management measures, while the experimental group was given health management. The incidence of hypertension and cognition level of hypertension knowledge were compared between the two groups after management. Results: The incidence of hypertension in the experimental group was 7.41% lower than that in the control group 29.63%. The cognitive level of hypertension in the patients (66.54 ± 1.25) was significantly higher than that in the patients without health management (41.45 ± 2.45), and P < 0.05;Conclusion: For patients with prehypertension, the implementation of health management is helpful to improve their cognition of hypertension, master related prevention knowledge, and reduce the incidence of hypertension.

Effect of emotion management and nursing on patients with painless induced abortion after operation

BACKGROUND With an estimated 121 million abortions following unwanted pregnancies occurring worldwide each year,many countries are now committed to protecting women’s reproductive rights.AIM To analyze the impact of emotional management and care on anxiety and contraceptive knowledge mastery in painless induced abortion(IA)patients.METHODS This study was retrospective analysis of 84 patients with IA at our hospital.According to different nursing methods,the patients were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 42 cases in each group.Degree of pain,rate of postoperative uterine relaxation,surgical bleeding volume,and postoperative bleeding volume at 1 h between the two groups of patients;nursing satisfaction;and mastery of contraceptive knowledge were analyzed.RESULTS After nursing,Self-Assessment Scale,Depression Self-Assessment Scale,and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were 39.18±2.18,30.27±2.64,6.69±2.15,respectively,vs 45.63±2.66,38.61±2.17,13.45±2.12,respectively,with the observation group being lower than the control group(P<0.05).Comparing visual analog scales,the observation group was lower than the control group(4.55±0.22 vs 3.23±0.41;P<0.05).The relaxation rate of the cervix after nursing,surgical bleeding volume,and 1-h postoperative bleeding volumes were 25(59.5),31.72±2.23,and 22.41±1.23,respectively,vs 36(85.7),42.39±3.53,28.51±3.34,respec tively,for the observation group compared to the control group.The observation group had a better nursing situation(P<0.05),and higher nursing satisfaction and contraceptive knowledge mastery scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of emotional management in postoperative care of IA has an ideal effect.

A Clinical Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Oral Combination Kit Therapy in Syndromic Management of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (FEMINE Study) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: Vaginal discharge is one of most common and nagging problems that women face. About 20% - 25% of women who visit gynecology department complain of vaginal discharge and leucorrhoea. An orally administered combination kit, containing 2 g secnidazole, 1 g azithromycin and 150 mg fluconazole (Azimyn FS Kit), has been successfully evaluated in clinical trials and used in several countries for management syndromic vaginal discharge due to infections. Methods: This is a longitudinal study which aimed to verify the clinical efficacy of the combined oral kit containing secnidazole, azithromycin and fluconazole (Azimyn FS Kit®) in the syndromic treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge in patients received in outpatient consultations in Kinshasa/DR Congo from March to September 2023. Results: Majority of patients had whitish vaginal discharge (51.6%) of average abundance (56.2%), accompanied by pruritus in 72.1% of cases, and dyspareunia in 23.5% of cases and hypogastralgia in 40.2% of cases. One week after treatment with the Azimyn FS® combined kit, at the greatest majority of patients (97.3%), abnormal vaginal discharge had decreased by more than 50% (84.1%). Two weeks after treatment with the Azimyn FS® combined kit, almost all patients (97.3%) no longer had abnormal vaginal discharge which had completely disappeared. Conclusion: A single dose of secnidazole, azithromycin and fluconazole in the form of an oral combi-kit (Azimyn FS Kit) has shown excellent therapeutic effectiveness in the syndromic treatment of abnormal vaginal discharge wherein patients were treated without diagnostic confirmation.

Application Effect of Feedforward Control in Outpatient Blood Specimen Management

Objective:To analyze the application effect of feedforward control in outpatient blood specimen management.Methods:1,200 patients who had their venous blood collected in outpatient phlebotomy room of our hospital's outpatient clinic from January 2021 to April 2021 were selected as study subjects and divided into 600 cases in the control group and 600 cases in the observation group.The two groups of patients were compared in terms of their satisfaction with the staff,the efficiency of the nurses and the quality of nursing care,turnaround time before specimen analysis,the rejection rate of the blood specimens,and the time of result reporting.Results:After the implementation of feedforward control,patients'satisfaction with staff,nurses work efficiency and quality of care,turnaround time before specimen analysis,specimen rejection rate,and result reporting time in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of feedforward control in the management of outpatient blood specimens has significant effect,which effectively improves patients'satisfaction,enhances the efficiency of nurses and the quality of nursing care,shortens the turnaround time of specimens before analysis and the reporting time of results,and reduces the rejection rate of specimens.

Application effect of case management nursing based on patient safety in patients with prostate cancer

BACKGROUND Globally,prostate cancer has become a major threat to men's health,with an increasing incidence and causes serious effects on the quality and length of life of patients.Despite the rapid development of medical technology,which provides treatments,including surgery,radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy,the treatment of patients with prostate cancer,especially with endocrine therapy,has become a major challenge in clinical treatment owing to the lengthy course of treatment,side effects of drugs,and impact of the disease on the psychological and physiological functioning of the patient,producing poor treatment adherence and a decline in quality of life.After the nursing intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life score,sexual function,and hormone function were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Case management guidance based on patient safety effectively reduced anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer and improved their quality of life,treatment compliance,and satisfaction.

The Improving Effects of Diabetes Education on Diabetes Awareness and Management in Children and Adolescents with T1DM

Background: Diabetes education is crucial in empowering persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and their families to properly manage the condition by providing comprehensive knowledge, tools, and support. It boosts one’s belief in their ability to succeed, encourages following medical advice, and adds to the general enhancement of health. Objective: This study is to investigate the effectiveness of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively manage the condition. Furthermore, it strives to improve nursing care for families whose children have been diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Design: This research study investigates the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and their families to effectively handle the condition. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted between the years 2000 and 2022, utilizing the Medline and Google Scholar databases. The purpose of the search was to uncover relevant papers pertaining to diabetes education, management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), nurse care, and empowerment. The search focused on peer-reviewed research, clinical trials, and scholarly articles that evaluated the efficacy of diabetes education in empowering individuals and families. Results: Diabetes education is crucial for understanding and controlling T1DM. It includes personalized sessions, webinars, group classes, and clinics that provide customized therapies. Comprehensive education enhances glycemic control and family dynamics. Nevertheless, the implementation of diabetes education for families requires specific standards, especially in the field of nursing. Conclusion: Diabetes education is essential for effectively managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), providing patients and families with crucial knowledge, resources, and confidence. It encourages independence in-home care and provides explicit guidelines for diabetic nurses to improve nursing care.

Research on the Application and Effectiveness of the DRG Model on Perioperative Medical Management of Cholecystectomy

Objective:This study aimed to explore the application and effectiveness of the DRG model in the perioperative management of cholecystectomy.By comparing the DRG model with traditional management methods,this study focused on evaluating the potential impact of the DRG model in improving surgical efficiency and reducing complication rates and medical costs.Methods:The random envelope method was used to divide patients scheduled for cholecystectomy from January 2021 to October 2023 into two groups:one group underwent surgery under the DRG model(experimental group),and the other group underwent the traditional management model(control group).Data including basic information,surgery-related data,length of stay,complication records,and medical expenses were collected.Data analysis was carried out using a t-test and chi-square(χ2)test.Results:Results showed that the DRG model shortened the average length of stay,decreased the incidence of complications,reduced medical expenses,and increased patient satisfaction.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DRG model in the perioperative management of cholecystectomy,especially in improving surgical efficiency,reducing medical costs,and improving patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The DRG model in the perioperative management of cholecystectomy can significantly improve medical service quality and efficiency and enhance patient satisfaction as compared to traditional treatment methods.

Effectiveness of Implementing an Integrated Care Management Program for Rabies Vaccination Patients

Objective:To analyze the effect of implementing a comprehensive nursing management program for rabies vaccination patients.Methods:100 cases of rabies vaccination patients were selected as observation objects from January 2022 to December 2023,and after enrollment,they were grouped according to the different nursing management programs,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was only given routine nursing management,and the observation group was combined with comprehensive nursing management on the basis of routine nursing management.The completion rate of vaccination,the rate of adverse reactions,and the satisfaction rate were assessed,comparing the clinical effects of different nursing management programs.Results:The completion rate of the 5th shot of rabies vaccination in the observation group was 82.00%higher than 64.00%in the control group(χ^(2)=4.1096,P<0.05);the rate of adverse reaction of vaccination in the observation group was 4.00%lower than 18.00%in the control group(χ^(2)=5.0051,P<0.05);the vaccination satisfaction in the observation group was 98.00%higher than 86.00%in the control group(χ^(2)=4.8913,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of comprehensive nursing management program can help rabies vaccination patients to improve the completion rate of vaccination and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to vaccination,with clear effects.

Research on the Application Effect of Humanized Nursing Management in Pediatric Rehabilitation Wards

Objective:To explore the application effect of humanized nursing management in pediatric rehabilitation wards.Methods:82 pediatric patients admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and January 2024 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group.Among them,the control group was given routine care,while the observation group received humanized nursing management,and the clinical nursing effects and situations of the two groups of children were compared and analyzed.Results:After nursing,the observation group showed significantly better performance in intelligent Developmental Quotient(DQ)values(P<0.05).The clinical nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group(χ^(2)=11.710,P<0.05).Conclusion:Humanized nursing management for patients in pediatric rehabilitation wards not only improves their recovery but also significantly enhances parental satisfaction,which is worth learning from and promoting in clinical settings.

The Effect of Case Management Model on the Application of Pancreatic Cancer Surgery Patients and the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the case management model on patients operated for pancreatic cancer.Methods:90 pancreatic cancer surgery patients admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and June 2023 were selected and grouped by randomized numerical table.For 45 cases in the observation group,case management mode was adopted,and for 45 cases in the intervention group,conventional nursing care was chosen to compare the indexes of gastrointestinal function recovery.Results:The recovery time of all gastrointestinal functions of the observation group was shorter than that of the intervention group;after nursing,the psychological state score of the observation group was lower than that of the intervention group,the self-efficacy score was higher than that of the intervention group and the rate of complications was lower than that of the intervention group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The case management model can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with pancreatic cancer surgery and its nursing feasibility is high.

Effectiveness of Comprehensive Nursing Management in Enhancing Blood Donation Outcomes and Donor Experience: A Comparative Study

Objective:To assess the management effect of comprehensive nursing management on blood donation services in blood stations.Methods:Sixty-four individuals who donated blood at a blood station between September 2021 and September 2023 were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 32 each.The first group received comprehensive nursing management,while the second group received routine nursing management.Blood donation indexes and observational indexes such as adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Results:The total blood donation volume and qualified blood donation volume were higher in the first group than in the second group.The amount of discarded blood and the rate of blood discards were lower in the first group compared to the second group(P<0.05).Additionally,the adverse reaction rate in the first group was lower,the blood donation comfort scores were higher,the psychological state scores were lower,and the quality of care scores were higher than those in the second group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive nursing management can improve the efficiency of blood donation,reduce the rate of blood discards,decrease the incidence of adverse reactions,alleviate negative psychological states of blood donors,and enhance both the comfort level of blood donation and the quality of care provided.

Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Research Background: The high prevalence of diabetes in Sudan, estimated at 16%, highlights the importance of effective health education in diabetes management. Diabetes self-management education has been identified as a crucial tool in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and abilities necessary for self-management among individuals with diabetes. Aim: To assess the impact of diabetes self-management education on medication adherence and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes before and 3 months after the DSME intervention. Method: The study was conducted in Sudan between September 2022 and March 2023, it was an interventional, one-group, pre- and post-test study that aimed to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on medication adherence and diabetes control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes. The research was conducted in primary health care centers in six cities in Sudan and involved 244 participants. The data entry and statistical analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. A paired t test was used for analysis. Results: The study included 244 participants, 67% of whom were males. The age mean ± SD was 48.6 ± 9.3 years, and 85.3% of participants were married. Age at onset of diabetes mean ± SD was 40.60 ± 7.81 years;44.6% had diabetes for less than 5 years;and 84.1% had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. The levels of poor, low, and partial adherence to medication decreased by 8.2%, 4%, and 20.6%, respectively, after the intervention. The levels of good and high medication regime adherence increased by 13% and 19.8%, respectively;BMI decreased by 1.1 ± 0.73 kg/m2 (p = 0.005). The fasting blood sugar decreased by 69 ± 32.9 mg/dl (p = 0.049), and the glycated hemoglobin decreased by 1.21 ± 0.28% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce the importance of patient education in improving glycemic control and enhancing self-management behaviors. Patient education plays a critical role in enhancing glycemic control and self-management behaviors. It is essential for healthcare providers to adopt a patient-centered approach, taking into account the individual's beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about their illness and treatment. Overcoming these challenges necessitates a comprehensive approach, including enhancing healthcare professionals’ knowledge and communication skills, offering accessible and culturally sensitive diabetes education programs, and addressing barriers to resources and support for self-management.

Experimental study on the effect of water absorption level on rockburst occurrence of sandstone

To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and acoustic emission(AE)system are used to monitor the rockburst process.The effect of water on sandstone rockburst and the prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst are analyzed from the perspective of energy and failure mode.The results show that the higher the ab-sorption degree,the lower the intensity of the rockburst after absorbing water on single side of sand-stone.This is reflected in the fact that with the increase in the water absorption level,the ejection velocity of rockburst fragments is smaller,the depth of the rockburst pit is shallower,and the AE energy is smaller.Under the water absorption level of 100%,the magnitude of rockburst intensity changes from medium to slight.The prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst is that water reduces the capacity of sandstone to store strain energy and accelerates the expansion of shear cracks,which is not conducive to the occurrence of plate cracking before rockburst,and destroys the conditions for rockburst incubation.

Evaluation of the intracellular lipid-lowering effect of polyphenols extract from highland barley in HepG2 cells

Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.

Carbon Emission Effects Driven by Evolution of Chinese Dietary Structure from 1987 to 2020

Exploring carbon emission effects based on the evolution of residents’ dietary structure to achieve the carbon neutrality goal and mitigate climate change is an important task.This study took China as the research object(data excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) and used the carbon emission coefficient method to quantitatively measure the food carbon emissions from 1987–2020,then analyzed the carbon emission effects under the evolution of dietary structure.The results showed that during the study period,the Chinese dietary structure gradually changed to a high-carbon consumption pattern.The dietary structure of urban residents developed to a balanced one,while that of rural residents developed to a high-quality one.During the study period,the per capita food carbon emissions and total food consumption of Chinese showed an increasing trend.The per capita food carbon emissions of residents in urban and rural showed an overall upward trend.The total food carbon emissions in urban increased significantly,while that in rural increased first and then decreased.The influence of beef and mutton on carbon emissions is the highest in dietary structure.Compared with the balanced dietary pattern,the food carbon emissions of Chinese residents had not yet reached the peak,but were evolving to a high-carbon consumption pattern.

Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation:Implications for disease progression and management strategies

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management.This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation,emphasizing disease progression and management.It delves into host immune responses and reactivation’s delicate balance,spanning innate and adaptive immunity.Viral factors’disruption of this balance,as are interac-tions between viral antigens,immune cells,cytokine networks,and immune checkpoint pathways,are examined.Notably,the roles of T cells,natural killer cells,and antigen-presenting cells are discussed,highlighting their influence on disease progression.HBV reactivation’s impact on disease severity,hepatic flares,liver fibrosis progression,and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed.Management strategies,including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches,are critically analyzed.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation.In conclusion,this compre-hensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation.With a dedicated focus on understanding its implic-ations for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management stra-tegies,this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base.The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches,ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes.The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized,spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches.The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.