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Water equivalence of some 3D dosimeters:a theoretical study based on the effective atomic number and effective fast neutron removal cross section
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作者 A.M.El-Khayatt 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第12期170-181,共12页
Effective atomic numbers for photon energy absorption(ZPEA_(eff)) and their corresponding electron numbers (NPEA_(eff)), and effective macroscopic removal cross sections of fast neutrons(RR) were calculated for 27 dif... Effective atomic numbers for photon energy absorption(ZPEA_(eff)) and their corresponding electron numbers (NPEA_(eff)), and effective macroscopic removal cross sections of fast neutrons(RR) were calculated for 27 different types of three-dimensional dosimeters, four types of phantom materials, and water. The values of ZPEA_(eff) and NPEA_(eff) were obtained using the direct method for energies ranging from 10 keV to 20 MeV. Results are presented relative to water, for direct comparison over the range of examined energies. The effect of monomers that are used in polymer gel dosimeters on the water equivalence is discussed. The relation between Σ_R and hydrogen content was studied. Micelle gel dosimeters are highly promising because our results demonstrate perfect matching between the effective atomic number, electron density number, and fast neutron attenuation coefficient of water. 展开更多
关键词 3D DOSIMETERS WATER EQUIVALENCE effective atomic number Photon energy absorption REMOVAL cross section Fast neutrons
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Theoretical analysis on fully differential cross sections for C^(6+)impact ionization of helium
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作者 方小英 张瑞芳 +2 位作者 段慧晓 孙世艳 贾祥富 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第6期188-192,共5页
Fully differential cross sections (FDCS) are calculated within a four-body model for single ionization of helium by C6+ impact at the incident energy of 100 MeV/a.u. (atomic unit). The results are compared with e... Fully differential cross sections (FDCS) are calculated within a four-body model for single ionization of helium by C6+ impact at the incident energy of 100 MeV/a.u. (atomic unit). The results are compared with experimental data and other theoretical predictions. It is shown that our results are in very good agreement with experiment for three small momentum transfers in the scattering plane; however, some significant discrepancies are still present at the largest momentum transfer in both the scattering plane and the perpendicular plane. In actuality, the problem has not been explained by the theory during the last decade. Accordingly, the contributions of different scattering amplitudes to FDCS are analyzed. It is found that for the largest momentum transfer the cross section arising from a destructive interference of the three amplitudes is much smaller than the experimental data. However, the cross section due to the constructive interference of two scattering amplitudes between projectile-ionized electron interaction and projectile-passive electron interaction almost approaches the experimental data. 展开更多
关键词 ion-impact ionization fully differential cross section four-body model interference effect
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Probing the medium effect and isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in heavy ion collisions
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作者 刘建业 郭文军 邢永忠 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第11期3305-3311,共7页
Probing in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross section σ1/NN(α) in heavy ion collisions has been investigated by means of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) with the isospin- and momentum-de... Probing in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross section σ1/NN(α) in heavy ion collisions has been investigated by means of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD) with the isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction (IMDI(T)). It is found that there are the very obvious medium effect and the sensitive isospin-dependence of nuclear stopping R on the in-medium NN cross section α1/NN(α) in the nuclear reactions induced by halo-neutron projectile and the same-mass stable projectile. However, R induced by the neutron-halo projectile is obviously lower than that induced by the corresponding stable projectile. In particular, there is a very obvious dependence of R on the medium effect of σ1/NN(α) in the whole beam energy region for the above two kinds of projectiles. Therefore, the comparison between the results of R's in the reactions induced by the neutron-halo projectile and the corresponding same-mass stable projectile is a more favourable probe for extracting the information of σ1/NN(α) because of adding a new judgement. 展开更多
关键词 isospin effect neutron-halo projectile nuclear reaction nucleon-nucleon cross section nuclear stopping
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The effect of dynamical screening on helium(e,2e) fully differential cross-sections
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作者 孙世艳 贾祥富 +4 位作者 苗向阳 张均锋 谢祎 李雄伟 师文强 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第7期2744-2748,共5页
This paper presents the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for 102eV electron impact single ionization of helium for both the coplanar and perpendicular plane asymmetric geometries within the framework of dyna... This paper presents the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for 102eV electron impact single ionization of helium for both the coplanar and perpendicular plane asymmetric geometries within the framework of dynamically screened three-Coulomb-wave theory. Comparisons are made with the experimental data and those of the three-Coulomb wave function model and second-order distorted-wave Born method. The angular distribution and relative heights of the present FDCS is found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data in the perpendicular plane geometry. It is shown that dynamical screening effects are significant in this geometry. Three-body coupling is expected to be weak in the coplanar geometry, although the precise absolute value of the cross section is still sensitive to the interaction details. 展开更多
关键词 fully differential cross sections screening effects perpendicular plane geometry
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Theoretical Analysis on Fully Differential Cross-Sections for C^6+ Single Ionization of Helium
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作者 Hui-xiao Duan Shi-yan Sun +2 位作者 Xiao-ying Fang Rui-fang Zhang Xiang-fu Jia 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第3期279-284,共6页
The four-body model has been used to calculate the fully differential cross-sections (FDCS) for the single ionization of helium by 100 MeV/amu Ca^+ impact in geometries. By comparing with experimental data and othe... The four-body model has been used to calculate the fully differential cross-sections (FDCS) for the single ionization of helium by 100 MeV/amu Ca^+ impact in geometries. By comparing with experimental data and other theories, we find the results of four-body model are in very good agreement in the scattering plane, but poor agreement out of the scattering plane. Accordingly, the contributions of different scattering amplitudes to FDCS are analyzed. It is found that the cross sections due to the interference of the scattering amplitudes between projectile-target nucleus interaction and projectile-ejected electron interaction almost tend to experimental results around the recoil region in geometries. In particular in the perpendicular plane, the cross section originating from interference of the scattering amplitudes between projectile-target nucleus and projectile-ejected electron interactions yields an experimental double-peak structure in the angular distribution. However, this feature could not be presented by the interference of the three amplitudes. Thus, the failure of the fourbody model predicting the feature in this geometry may be attributed to an inappropriate weighting of the three amplitudes. 展开更多
关键词 Ion-impact ionization Fully differential cross section Four-body model Interference effect
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The Systematics Study of (n, p) Reaction Cross-Sections at 14.7 MeV Neutron Energy
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作者 Sadeem Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani Khalda T. Osman 《World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》 CAS 2022年第4期113-132,共20页
Based on the statistical model and taking into account the Q-value dependence and odd-even effects, we proposed a new empirical formula to reproduce the cross sections of the (n, p) reactions at 14.7 MeV neutron energ... Based on the statistical model and taking into account the Q-value dependence and odd-even effects, we proposed a new empirical formula to reproduce the cross sections of the (n, p) reactions at 14.7 MeV neutron energy and at the target mass number 14 ≤ A ≤ 198 for even A and 29 ≤ A ≤ 205 for odd A. All calculated results from the proposed empirical formula were compared to the experimental data as well as the available semi-empirical formula obtained by other authors. A high level of agreement has been found between the collected experimental data and the most of semiempirical formulae obtained by others. 展开更多
关键词 (n p) cross section Neutron Energy Empirical Formula Statistical Model Odd Even Effect
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Unimolecular Dissociation of H<sup>+</sup><sub style="margin-left:-6px;">2n+1</sub>Hydrogen Clusters: Measured Cross Sections and Theoretically Calculated Rate Constants
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作者 Mohamed Tabti Adil Eddahbi +2 位作者 Soufiane Assouli Lahcen El Arroum Said Ouaskit 《World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics》 2013年第4期207-215,共9页
In this paper, we studied the process of dissociation unimolecular of the evaporation of H+2n+1 hydrogen clusters according to size, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constants k(E) were ... In this paper, we studied the process of dissociation unimolecular of the evaporation of H+2n+1 hydrogen clusters according to size, using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The rate constants k(E) were determined with the use of statistical theory of unimolecular reactions using various approximations. In our work, we used the products frequencies instead of transitions frequencies in the calculation of unimolecular dissociation rates obtained by three models RRKM. The agreement between the experimental cross section ratio and calculated rate ratio with direct count approximation seems to be reasonable. 展开更多
关键词 RRKM Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus Direct Count METHOD Classical METHOD Whitten-Rabinovitch METHOD High-Energy CLUSTER Collision FRAGMENTATION Phenomena CLUSTER FRAGMENTATION IONIC HYDROGEN Clusters Ion-Atom Collisions IONIC CLUSTER cross sections Molecular Dissociation Size Effect Metastable States HYDROGEN Ions
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Photoemission cross section:A critical parameter in the impurity photovoltaic effect
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作者 Jiren Yuan Haibin Huang +4 位作者 Xinhua Deng Zhihao Yue Yuping He Naigen Zhou Lang Zhou 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第1期552-556,共5页
A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit... A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit current density, opencircuit voltage, and conversion efficiency) of the IPV solar cell were calculated as functions of variable electron and hole photoemission cross sections. The presented results show that the electron and hole photoemission cross sections play critical roles in the IPV effect. When the electron photoemission cross section is 10^-20cm^2, the conversion efficiencyη of the IPV cell always has a negative gain(△η 0) if the IPV impurity is introduced. A large hole photoemission cross section can adversely impact IPV solar cell performance. The combination of a small hole photoemission cross section and a large electron photoemission cross section can achieve higher conversion efficiency for the IPV solar cell since a large electron photoemission cross section can enhance the necessary electron transition from the impurity level to the conduction band and a small hole photoemission cross section can reduce the needless sub-bandgap absorption. It is concluded that those impurities with small(large) hole photoemission cross section and large(small) electron photoemission cross section,whose energy levels are near the valence(or conduction) band edge, may be suitable for use in IPV solar cells. These results may help in judging whether or not an impurity is appropriate for use in IPV solar cells according to its electron and hole photoemission cross sections. 展开更多
关键词 solar cell impurity photovoltaic effect photoemission cross section conversion efficiency
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Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms:nitrogen as an example
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作者 吴建华 袁建民 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第12期5283-5290,共8页
Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms are considered based on the coherent scattering of the ionized electrons by the two nuclei when their separation is less than o... Interference effects on the photoionization cross sections between two neighbouring atoms are considered based on the coherent scattering of the ionized electrons by the two nuclei when their separation is less than or comparable to the de Broglie wave length of the ionized electrons. As an example, the single atomic nitrogen ionization cross section and the total cross sections of two nitrogen atoms with coherently added photoionization amplitudes are calculated from the threshold to about А (1 А=0.1 nm) of the photon energy. The photoionization cross sections of atomic nitrogen are obtained by using the close-coupling R-matrix method. In the calculation 19 states are included. The ionization energy of the atomic nitrogen and the photoionization cross sections agree well with the experimental results. Based on the R-matrix results of atomic nitrogen, the interference effects between two neighbouring nitrogen atoms are obtained. It is shown that the interference effects are considerable when electrons are ionized just above the threshold, even for the separations between the two atoms are larger than two times of the bond length of N2 molecules. Therefore, in hot and dense samples, effects caused by the coherent interference between the neighbours are expected to be observable for the total photoionization cross sections. 展开更多
关键词 interference effect photoionization cross section nitrogen atom
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Roles of Isospin in Evaporation Residue Cross Section as a Probe of Nuclear Dissipation
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作者 CHEN Na YE Wei 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期739-742,共4页
The influence of isospin on the excess of evaporation residue cross section over its standard statistical-model value for nuclei ^194pb, ^200Pb, and ^206pb is studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical... The influence of isospin on the excess of evaporation residue cross section over its standard statistical-model value for nuclei ^194pb, ^200Pb, and ^206pb is studied via a Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model. The magnitude of this excess for a low-isospin fissioning nucleus is shown to be larger and its dependence on the nuclear viscosity coefficient to be stronger than those of a high-isospin fissioning nucleus. These results suggest that to obtain a more accurate information of viscosity coefficient inside the saddle point by measuring evaporation residue cross sections, we had better choose those compound systems with small isospin. 展开更多
关键词 evaporation residue cross section isospin effect nuclear dissipation Langevin equation
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Lepton Scattering Cross Section and Nuclear Structure Function of <sup>4</sup>He and <sup>12</sup>C Nuclei
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作者 Mir Hamid Musavi Negin Sattary Nikkhoo Farhad Zolfagharpour 《World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》 2013年第4期131-135,共5页
This paper is an effort to extract the structure function, the EMC ratio, and the lepton scattering cross section in the convolution nuclear theory framework for 4He and 12C nuclei. We suppose that, in conventional ap... This paper is an effort to extract the structure function, the EMC ratio, and the lepton scattering cross section in the convolution nuclear theory framework for 4He and 12C nuclei. We suppose that, in conventional approach, based on harmonic oscillator model, one could consider for a nucleus shell different hw?parameters which are associated with the square root of the mean radius of the nucleus shells. We use GRV free nucleon structure function, which has good agreement with the proton and neutron structure function, extracted from experimental results. In addition, the lepton scattering cross sections of 4He and 12C nuclei are calculated in energy higher than 1 GeV. The extracted results show good agreement with experimental data. 展开更多
关键词 Structure FUNCTION Differential cross section the EMC Effect
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Radar Cross Section Analysis Using Physical Optics and Its Applications to Marine Targets 被引量:6
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作者 Joon-Tae Hwang Suk-Yoon Hong +1 位作者 Jee-Hun Song Hyun-Wung Kwon 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2015年第2期166-171,共6页
Radar Cross Section (RCS) is one of the most considerable parameters for ship stealth design. As modern ships are larger than their predecessors, RCS must be managed at each design stage for its reduction. For predict... Radar Cross Section (RCS) is one of the most considerable parameters for ship stealth design. As modern ships are larger than their predecessors, RCS must be managed at each design stage for its reduction. For predicting RCS of ship, Radar Cross Section Analysis Program (RACSAN) based on Kirchhoff approximation in high frequency range has been developed. This program can present RCS including multi-bounce effect in exterior and interior structure by combination of geometric optics (GO) and physical optics (PO) methods, coating effect by using Fresnel reflection coefficient, and response time pattern for detected target. In this paper, RCS calculations of ship model with above effects are simulated by using this developed program and RCS results are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Radar cross section (RCS) KIRCHHofF APPROXIMATION Multi-Bounce Effect Response Time Pattern
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Pressure and velocity cross-spectrum of normal modes in low-frequency acoustic vector field of shallow water and its application 被引量:2
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作者 Yun Yu Qing Ling Jiang Xu 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2015年第2期241-249,共9页
The pressure and horizontal particle velocity combined descriptions in the very low frequency acoustic field of shallow wa- ter integrated with the concept of effective depth of Pekeris wave- guide is proposed, especi... The pressure and horizontal particle velocity combined descriptions in the very low frequency acoustic field of shallow wa- ter integrated with the concept of effective depth of Pekeris wave- guide is proposed, especially the active component of the pressure and horizontal particle velocity cross-spectrum, also called ho- rizontal complex cross acoustic intensity, when only two normal modes are trapped in the waveguide. Both the approximate theo- retic analysis and the numerical results show that the sign of the horizontal complex cross acoustic intensity active component is independent of the range when vertically deployed receiving dual sensors are placed in appropriate depths, the sum of which is equal to the waveguide effective depth, so it can be used to tell whether the sound source is near the surface or underwater; while the range rate is expected to be measured by utilizing the sign distribution characteristic of the reactive component. The further robustness analysis of the depth classification algorithm shows that the existence of shear waves in semi infinite basement and the change of acoustic velocity profiles have few effects on the application of this method, and the seabed attenuation will limit the detection range, but the algorithm still has a good robustness in the valid detection range. 展开更多
关键词 low frequency acoustic vector field effective depth complex cross acoustic intensity active component target depth classificatio
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Panel data models with cross-sectional dependence: a selective review 被引量:1
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作者 XU Qiu-hua CAI Zong-wu FANG Ying 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第2期127-147,共21页
In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues... In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues of cross-sectional dependence, and introduces the concepts of weak and strong cross-sectional dependence. Then, the main attention is primarily paid to spatial and factor approaches for modeling cross-sectional dependence for both linear and nonlinear (nonparametric and semiparametric) panel data models. Finally, we conclude with some speculations on future research directions. 展开更多
关键词 Panel data models cross-sectional dependence Spatial dependence Interactive fixed effects Common factors.
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Calculation of the elastic scattering properties for cold and ultracold 39K atoms in a triplet state
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作者 胡秋波 王晓飞 +1 位作者 孙金锋 朱遵略 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第8期2367-2370,共4页
The elastic scattering properties for collisions between cold and ultracold 39K atoms in a triplet state are investigated. Based on the recent theoretical and experimental results, the improved hybrid potential is pre... The elastic scattering properties for collisions between cold and ultracold 39K atoms in a triplet state are investigated. Based on the recent theoretical and experimental results, the improved hybrid potential is presented for a triplet α3∑u^+ ground state of K2. Our calculated value of the s-wave scattering length a by using the Numerov method for the triplet state is 79.578α0 and found to be in good agreement with the previous ones. The numbers of bound states are supported by the molecular potential. Pronounced shape resonances appear for the l = 3 partial waves for the α3∑u^+ state. Furthermore, the s-wave scattering cross section, the total cross section and energy positions of shape resonances for the α3∑u^+ state are calculated. 展开更多
关键词 scattering length effective range elastic cross section shape resonance
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Additivity rule for electron-molecule total cross section calculations at 50-5000 eV: a new geometrical approach
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作者 施德恒 孙金锋 +1 位作者 朱遵略 刘玉芳 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第6期2103-2109,共7页
Taking into consideration the changes of the geometric shielding effect in a molecule as the energy of incident electrons varies, this paper presents an empirical fraction, which depends on the energy of incident elec... Taking into consideration the changes of the geometric shielding effect in a molecule as the energy of incident electrons varies, this paper presents an empirical fraction, which depends on the energy of incident electrons, the target's molecular dimension and the atomic and electronic numbers in the molecule. Using this empirical fraction, it proposes a new formulation of the additivity rule. Employing the new additivity rule, it calculates the total cross sections of electron scattering by C2H4, C6H6, C6H14 and C8H18 over the energy range from 50 to 5000eV. In order to exclude the calculation deviations caused by solving the radial Schrodinger equation of electron scattering by atoms, here the atomic cross sections are derived from the experimental total cross section results of simple molecules (H2, O2, CO) via the inversion algorithm. The quantitative total cross sections are compared with those obtained by experiments and other theories, and good agreement is obtained over a wide energy range, even at energy of several tens of eV. 展开更多
关键词 electron scattering total cross section additivity rule geometric shielding effect
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K^+ Scattering with the Nuclear Pion from Chiral Effective Lagrangian
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作者 TANYu-Hong ZHANGXiao-Bing 等 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第2期215-220,共6页
The K<SUP>+</SUP> scattering cross section with the in-medium virtual pion is evaluated in the lowest-order chiral perturbation theory with the density-dependent pion decay constant and mass. The contribut... The K<SUP>+</SUP> scattering cross section with the in-medium virtual pion is evaluated in the lowest-order chiral perturbation theory with the density-dependent pion decay constant and mass. The contribution of nuclear pions to the total K<SUP>+</SUP>-nucleus cross section is found to be about 5% and 12% when the excess pion numbers per nucleon n<SUB>?</SUB> = 0.057 and 0.13 are used. The inclusion of the off-mass-shell behavior of the K<SUP>+</SUP>? amplitude produced a significant improvement in the K<SUP>+</SUP>-nucleus cross section. 展开更多
关键词 K+ pi scattering medium effect total cross section
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Effect of Substitution Site on Two-Photon Absorption and Excited States Properties of Lipid Droplets Detection NAPBr Dyes:a Theoretical Perspective
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作者 Hong-yang Wang Xiao-fei Wang +1 位作者 Jian-zhong Fan Yong Zhou 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第4期673-684,I0150,共13页
Two-photon fluorescence dyes have shown promising applications in biomedical imaging.However,the substitution site effect on geometric structures and photophysical properties of fluorescence dyes is rarely illustrated... Two-photon fluorescence dyes have shown promising applications in biomedical imaging.However,the substitution site effect on geometric structures and photophysical properties of fluorescence dyes is rarely illustrated in detail.In this work,a series of new lipid droplets detection dyes are designed and studied,molecular optical properties and non-radiative transitions are analyzed.The intramolecular weak interaction and electron-hole analysis reveal its inner mechanisms.All dyes are proven to possess excellent photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum efficiency and large stokes shift as well as remarkable two-photon absorption cross section.Our work reasonably elucidates the experimental measurements and the effects of substitution site on two-photon absorption and excited states properties of lipid droplets detection NAPBr dyes are highlighted,which could provide a theoretical perspective for designing efficient organic dyes for lipid droplets detection in biology and medicine fields. 展开更多
关键词 Substituting effect Two-photon absorption cross section Non-radiative transition Fluorescence quantum efficiency
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Nucleus-Nucleus Effects in Fully Differential Cross Sections for Energetic C6++He Collisions with Small Momentum Transfer
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作者 陆晨文 安文芳 +1 位作者 孙世艳 贾祥富 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第9期35-38,共4页
The modified Coulomb-Born approximation with and without the internuclear interaction (MCB-NN and MCB) is used to calculate the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for the single ionization of helium by lOO M... The modified Coulomb-Born approximation with and without the internuclear interaction (MCB-NN and MCB) is used to calculate the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for the single ionization of helium by lOO MeV/amu C6+ impact. The effects of the internuclear interaction on the FDCS are examined in geometries. The results are compared with experimental data and theoretical predictions from a three-body distorted-wave (3DW) model and a time-dependent close-coupling model. It is shown that the present MCB-NN results are in good agreement with the experiments in the scattering plane and the MCB results qualitatively reproduce the experimental structure outside the scattering plane. In particular, the MCB theory predicts the 'double-peak' structure in the perpendicular plane. 展开更多
关键词 MCB NN Nucleus-Nucleus Effects in Fully Differential cross sections for Energetic C He Collisions with Small Momentum Transfer
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The direct ionization processes in the collisions of partially stripped carbon and oxygen ions with helium atoms at low-to-intermediate energies
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作者 周春林 邵剑雄 +2 位作者 陈熙萌 孙光智 邹贤容 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第11期4193-4198,共6页
The values of direct double- to-single ionization ratio R of helium atoms induced by C^q+, O^q+ (q = 1 -4) ions at incident energies from 0.2 to 8.5MeV are measured. Based on the existing model (Shao J X, Chen X ... The values of direct double- to-single ionization ratio R of helium atoms induced by C^q+, O^q+ (q = 1 -4) ions at incident energies from 0.2 to 8.5MeV are measured. Based on the existing model (Shao J X, Chen X M and Ding B W 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 012701) the effective charge of the projectile is introduced to theoretically estimate the value of R for the partially stripped ions impacting on helium atoms. The results calculated from our "effective charge" model are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the dependence of the effective charge on the ionization energy of the projectile is also discussed qualitatively. 展开更多
关键词 effective charge partially stripped ions cross-section ratio direct ionization
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