Analysis and Innovative Strategies of Tax Preferential Policies to Promote the Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Individual Businesses

This study conducted an in-depth analysis of the current tax preferential policies for small-scale individual businesses and compared them with similar policies both domestically and internationally,aiming to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the current system.After examining the impact of these tax preferential policies on the economic status of individual business owners and the broader social economy,this article proposes a set of innovative tax preferential strategies based on theoretical foundations.By developing these innovative strategies and clarifying their implementation paths,the aim is to promote the sustainable and healthy development of small-scale individual businesses,thereby fostering comprehensive socio-economic progress.The conclusion of this study not only summarizes policy recommendations with practical significance but also provides theoretical support for the optimization and innovation of future related systems.

Comparing the bullwhip effect under different inventory policies in engineering project supply chains

Measuring bullwhip effect is useful for making better controls on production planning and enhancing the supply chain operating efficiency.First,this article establishes the comparative analysis model of bullwhip effect between(s,S)and Periodic Review(PR)inventory policy based on the quantitative bullwhip effect model under different inventories.Then,the impacts of lead time,inventory review time,autocorrelation coefficient,and the number of samples on the gap of bullwhip effect under(s,S)and PR IP are analyzed.The results show that bullwhip effect in PR is more intense than(s,S)inventory policy.Contractors should pay more attention to control bullwhip effect when adopting PR inventory policy to enhance the total operating efficiency of the engineering project supply chains.

Effects of policies and containment measures on control of COVID- 19 epidemic in Chongqing

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging,rapidly evolving disease that spreads through the respiratory system and is highly contagious.In March 2020,the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.In China,the pandemic was controlled after 2 mo through effective policies and containment measures.Describing the detailed policies and containment measures used to control the epidemic in Chongqing will provide a reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in other areas of the world.AIM To explore the effects of different policies and containment measures on the control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing.METHODS Epidemiological data on COVID-19 in Chongqing were prospectively collected from January 21 to March 15,2020.The policies and prevention measures implemented by the government during the epidemic period were also collected.Trend analysis was performed to explore the impact of the main policy measures on the effectiveness of the control of COVID-19 in Chongqing.As of March 15,the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Chongqing was 1.84/100000(576 cases)and the infection fatality rate was 1.04%(6/576).The spread of COVID-19 was controlled by effective policies that involved establishing a group for directing the COVID-19 epidemic control effort;strengthening guidance and supervision;ensuring the supply of daily necessities and medical supplies and equipment to residents;setting up designated hospitals;implementing legal measures;and enhancing health education.Medical techniques were implemented to improve the recovery rate and control the epidemic.Policies such as“the lockdown of Wuhan”,“initiating a first-level response to major public health emergencies”,and“implementing the closed management of residential communities”significantly curbed the spread of COVID-19.Optimizing the diagnosis process,shortening the diagnosis time,and constructing teams of clinical experts facilitated the provision of“one team of medical experts for each patient”treatment for severe patients,which significantly improved the recovery rate and reduced the infection fatality rate.CONCLUSION The prevention policies and containment measures implemented by the government and medical institutions are highly effective in controlling the spread of the epidemic and increasing the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients.

An Analysis of Employment-promoting Effects of Employment Service Policies-Based on Family Development

This paper aims at improving the employmentpromoting effects of employment service policies(ESP) to enhance family development. Based on process evaluation methods of public policy, there are three positive effects of ESP, but despite these effects we cannot overrate the performance of ESP. The problem is the double segmentation between urban and rural areas as well as among different regions, the poor basic fund, and the deviation of positioned policy support objects. Hence, China should regulate ESP as soon as possible to benefit family development.

The Effectiveness of Structural Monetary Policy and Macro-Prudential Policies——Based on the DSGE Model That Includes Bank Heterogeneous Credit

Structural monetary policy and macro-prudential policies are important parts of the policy system of the People’s Bank of China.By constructing a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that includes the heterogeneity of corporate and bank credit,the authors divide the policies of the People’s Bank of China into seven categories,and explores the policy effectiveness of structural monetary policy,macro-prudential policy and traditional aggregate monetary policy.Through simulation of the model,it is found that whether facing technical shocks,interest rate shocks or credit shocks,the structural two-pillar policy tool that uses the deposit reserve interest rate as the target of operation is most conducive to economic stability.Technological progress has the most positive and lasting impact on output.Interest rates and credit policies will leave follow-up problems in the adjustment of the economy,and structural two-pillar policies can alleviate the impact of these problems.

Statistical Analysis and Evaluation of Macroeconomic Policies: A Selective Review

In this paper,we highlight some recent developments of a new route to evaluate macroeconomic policy effects,which are investigated under the framework with potential outcomes.First,this paper begins with a brief introduction of the basic model setup in modern econometric analysis of program evaluation.Secondly,primary attention goes to the focus on causal effect estimation of macroeconomic policy with single time series data together with some extensions to multiple time series data.Furthermore,we examine the connection of this new approach to traditional macroeconomic models for policy analysis and evaluation.Finally,we conclude by addressing some possible future research directions in statistics and econometrics.

The economic impact of emission peaking control policies and China's sustainable development

To achieve the goals of national sustainable development,the peaking control of CO2emissions is pivotal,as well as other pollutants.In this paper,we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations.By analyzing the energy consumptions,coal consumptions,relating emissions and their impacts on GDP,we found that with the structure adjustment policy,the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53%to 48%and CO2emissions will decrease by 11.3%e22.8%compared to the baseline scenario.With the energy intensity reduction policy,CO2emissions will decrease by 33.3%in 2030 and 47.8%in 2050 than baseline scenario.Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects.In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control,the economic costs can not be ignored.The GDP will decrease by 2.96%e8.23%under different scenarios.Therefore,integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier.

Assessing effectiveness of existing building energy-saving reconstruction policy adapted to market development

The market development and policy matching of existing building energy-saving retrofits determine the effectiveness of policies in promoting the operation of existing building energy-saving retrofit market.Based on the perspective of market development to evaluate the effectiveness of existing building energy-saving transformation policy,it is necessary to clarify the basic connotation of the effectiveness of existing building energy-saving transformation policy,systematically analyze the evaluation content,construct a multi-level evaluation index system,and select scientific and effective quantitative evaluation methods to implement a strict evaluation process.

Study on Effectiveness of Government Governance in the Cities with Serious Air Pollution: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City

It is a basic national policy of China and the most important problem in the current development process to control pollution and protect environment.Since environmental and ecological management has strong externality,there is little room for the private sector to play,and government governance becomes the most important means.To rationally assess government effectiveness in ecological management and clarify the main factors affecting the effective governance,Zhengzhou City is taken as research object.By referring to advanced experience of policy evaluation at home and abroad,two level-one indexes(ecological effect and economic effect)and eight level-two indexes(days of good air,concentrations of main air pollutants,energy consumption of per unit GDP,total energy consumption,per capita GDP,energy consumption of heavy industry,added value of industries above designated size,and annual fixed asset investment)are constructed to evaluate effectiveness of air pollution control policy in Zhengzhou City.Moreover,the factors affecting effectiveness of air pollution control policy in Zhengzhou City are analyzed.Finally,corresponding suggestions are proposed based on these factors:perfecting laws and regulations of air pollution control in Zhengzhou City,establishing accountability mechanism and cross regional governance system,adjusting industry and energy structure,valuing environmental technology and social participation,and improving government and people's awareness of environmental protection.

Review,assessment and recommendations on environmental policies in Western China

Reviewing the existing environmental policies in Western China,we find that:in time sequence,the characteristics of China's western environmental policies shift from"development drive governance"to the full implementation of environmental protection and construction;and in spatial sequence,the ecological,social,and economic development of Western China reach to coordination through the nature reserve setting,ecological migrants,fiscal transfer payment and differentiated ecological environmental policies.Due to the implementation of the policies and projects,environmental degradation trends in the western ecological environment were alleviated significantly,the living conditions of farmers and herdsmen were improved,and many successful experiences were explored.However,future ecological environmental construction in Western China requires further improvement in integrated planning,eco-compensation mechanism,and policy assessment.This paper concludes with specific recommendations such as drawing up ecological environment construction planning,strengthening environmental law enforcement and incentive mechanisms,improving policy assessment and scientific support,enhancing environmental protection capacity,improving eco-compensation mechanism,and refining the environmental policies for key areas.

Systematic Analysis and Innovation for Development Policies of Beijing Seed Industry at Transformation Stage

At transformation stage,seed Industry is not only a fundamental and strategic industry during the construction of World City,but also part of urban and modern agriculture in Beijing. Based on the analysis of the theory of industrial economics and system theory,the article constructs the seed industry policy analysis model,systematically analyzes the support points of national level and the city of Beijing seed industry policy,and studies policy input,mechanism,output and effects by way of systematic analysis,as well as proposes polices and suggestions on promotion of development for Beijing seed industry and on construction of new seed industry from talent incentive,platform construction,seed trading and enterprise cultivation.

Spillover effects and incentive initiatives of green behavior

Spillover effects play a crucial role in hindering the effective implementation of green behavior.Whether it pertains to enterprises or individuals,engaging in green behavior often leads to increased costs.However,the benefits derived from green behavior cannot be fully recouped but rather spill over and benefit other non-green entities,thereby undermining the incentives for companies or individuals to engage in green practices.The study categorizes the spillover effects of corporate green investment into three aspects based on the channels through which they occur:environmental spillover,inter-industry spillover(vertical spillover),and intra-industry spillover(horizontal spillover).While these three spillover mechanisms work in tandem with green behavior,existing literature has predominantly focused on the "free-rider " effect of environmental spillover and horizontal spillover,neglecting the impact of vertical spillover.Additionally,this paper provides a comprehensive review of measures aimed at incentivizing corporate green investment.Current government-level measures often overlook the multifaceted nature of spillover effects stemming from green behavior and the factors influencing corporate decision-making in this regard,resulting in various limitations and deficiencies.The paper argues that,besides relying solely on direct interventions from external actors such as the government or society,a more significant emphasis should be placed on enhancing the role of enterprises as a fundamental approach.This involves fostering the endogenous capacity of enterprises to generate green investment and facilitating a beneficial interaction that respects corporate autonomy.Consequently,policymakers should consider multiple dimensions of spillover effects and design appropriate mechanisms that leverage the inherent capabilities of enterprises,thus stimulating green investment.This approach represents a crucial area for future research that warrants further in-depth inve stigation.

The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Air Pollution in the Economic Community of West African States region: What Influence Does Tax Expenditure Have?

Air pollution is one of the crucial environmental challenges facing the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of an attractive tax policy on the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and air pollution in ECOWAS region over the period 2000 to 2019. By using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and panel data analyses (fixed effects and random effects), the results show that, in general, FDI does not have a significant effect on air pollution in the region. However, closer analysis reveals that an interaction between FDI and an attractive tax policy has a negative effect on air quality, leading to an increase in air pollution. Thus, companies attracted by tax incentives may not meet rigorous environmental standards. These results highlight the importance for policymakers to balance economic incentives with environmental protection in ECOWAS. Attractive tax policies can stimulate investment, but they must be designed in a way that encourages environmentally friendly practices, thereby helping to improve air quality in the region.

同行“双碳”政策感知对企业创新绩效的影响研究

科技创新是实现“双碳”目标的关键支撑,如何充分调动企业科技创新的主观能动性则成为亟需解决的问题。本文运用文本计量方法测算上市公司的同行“双碳”政策感知,定量分析同行“双碳”政策感知对企业创新绩效的影响,并对这种溢出效应机制进行探索。研究发现:同行的“双碳”政策感知能够显著提高企业的研发强度、专利申请量和专利获取量;该创新促进效应的重要渠道是“双碳”政策感知在行业与企业间的传递;外部环境、企业性质和行业特征是该创新促进效应的重要调节变量。本文研究结果验证了凝聚绿色低碳转型的行业共识,可以充分调动企业科技创新的主观能动性,并指出激励政策和给予特殊行业补贴的策略至关重要。

短视频平台公共政策传播的信息框架效应——基于“双减”政策的视频内容分析与实验

[目的/意义]短视频作为新兴的互联网信息表达方式,已逐渐成为政策传播的重要工具。探索短视频平台在公共政策信息传播中的效力以及受众采纳意愿,有助于提升公共政策传播效果。[研究设计/方法]以“双减”政策为例,根据框架效应理论和信息采纳理论,通过内容分析法归纳总结短视频平台中“双减”政策信息框架的组织方式,同时分析不同政策信息框架对传播效果的影响;此外,采用在线控制实验法验证了不同政策信息框架对受众采纳意愿的影响。[结论/发现]在短视频平台中有近四成的信息使用了目标框架,其中损失框架居多,多数采用集体主义视角和非叙事陈述方式;目标框架、文化框架、叙事框架对受众的评论、转发、点赞意愿并未产生显著影响;双减政策信息中,损失、收益框架,集体、个人主义价值观以及叙事和非叙事要素都能增强受众的采纳意愿,并且目标框架与文化框架之间存在交互效应。[创新/价值]研究结论对于政策宣传部门及相关政府机构优化政策传播策略,提高传播效果具有启示作用。

道阻且长,“行”者将“治”:公共事务的行为治理之道

行为治理是将行为科学洞见应用于公共治理场域而发展出的治理新模式。行为治理关注政府、组织和公民三类核心治理主体在互动过程中的心理、认知及行为规律,并分析治理主体互动关系的元素特征如何影响主体行为,同时更全面地考虑环境因素对微观行为的影响,以及个体行为汇聚为集体行动并产生更广泛治理结果的机制。行为治理呼吁治理工具的组合运用,强调“助推”和“助力”两大行为工具的内部融通,重视行为工具与传统工具的外部联动。行为治理脱胎于行为公共管理和行为公共政策,更强调各主体间的互动性,更重视环境的复杂性,更主张治理工具在内外部及各层次上的融会贯通。行为治理紧扣治理主体的行为要素,自下而上、从微观到宏观,丰富国家治理现代化的思想库和工具箱。

现代公共文化服务体系建设对居民文化参与的影响

《关于加快构建现代公共文化服务体系的意见》是促进居民公共文化参与、保障人民基本文化权益的顶层设计。文章借助政策实施的“准自然实验”方法,采用2013—2019年省际面板数据和双重差分方法,评估该政策实施对居民公共文化服务参与水平的实际影响。研究发现:政策实施激发了居民公共文化参与热忱,显著提升了公共阅读、博物观览、业余文艺培训等参与水平,且随着时间推移,促进效应呈增强态势;中介效应检验表明现代公共文化服务体系建设为居民文化参与提供了除市场购买之外的有效途径,发挥了兜底保障作用。

政策性银行助力绿色金融发展的引导效应研究

绿色金融体系的协调与高质量发展,需要充分发挥政策性金融的引导效应。从信息溢出、风险分散和收益显化三个层面,阐析政策性金融引导商业性金融绿色投融资的路径机制,并基于2008—2022年上市商业银行数据进行引导效应的实证检验。研究发现,政策性金融通过先期支持绿色主体,能够吸引商业性金融投入更多的绿色资金。政策性金融可以溢出政策和行业信息,降低和分散绿色项目风险,挖掘和显化具有潜在经济收益的绿色项目。但实证结果也表明,引导效应的作用发挥仍有提升空间,尤其体现在风险分散和收益显化机制运转方面。因此,需要持续创新政策性金融工具、优化传导机制,充分提高服务绿色发展的质效。