As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crud...As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.展开更多
Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple compleme...Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.展开更多
In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 1...In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed.The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier,the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency.Subsequently,a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.Regression analysis revealed that technological investments,employee quality,workshop production scale,investment in clean energy,and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors,this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.It optimizes the combination of various production elements,thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops,which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.展开更多
As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes...As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.展开更多
The deaf-mutes population is constantly feeling helpless when others do not understand them and vice versa.To fill this gap,this study implements a CNN-based neural network,Convolutional Based Attention Module(CBAM),t...The deaf-mutes population is constantly feeling helpless when others do not understand them and vice versa.To fill this gap,this study implements a CNN-based neural network,Convolutional Based Attention Module(CBAM),to recognise Malaysian Sign Language(MSL)in videos recognition.This study has created 2071 videos for 19 dynamic signs.Two different experiments were conducted for dynamic signs,using CBAM-3DResNet implementing‘Within Blocks’and‘Before Classifier’methods.Various metrics such as the accuracy,loss,precision,recall,F1-score,confusion matrix,and training time were recorded to evaluate the models’efficiency.Results showed that CBAM-ResNet models had good performances in videos recognition tasks,with recognition rates of over 90%with little variations.CBAMResNet‘Before Classifier’is more efficient than‘Within Blocks’models of CBAM-ResNet.All experiment results indicated the CBAM-ResNet‘Before Classifier’efficiency in recognising Malaysian Sign Language and its worth of future research.展开更多
The evaluation system of smart ammunition warhead overall efficiency has been established in this paper. Allkinds of evaluation methods have been analyzed. Having led the concept of hierarchical structure into techniq...The evaluation system of smart ammunition warhead overall efficiency has been established in this paper. Allkinds of evaluation methods have been analyzed. Having led the concept of hierarchical structure into technique for orderpreference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, we put forward the step TOPSIS method which is suitable forevaluating the overall efficiency of smart ammunition warheads. In the calculation of index weight, the graded weight cal-culus is put forward which hardly relies on the subjectivity of decision-makers and can reflect the sensitivity and compatibili-ty of the index. In the graded weight calculation, the proportional-arithmetic weight value calculus and sensitivity-compati-bility weight value calculus are given respectively.展开更多
With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scient...With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scientific method for the quantitative analysis of energy efficiency based on multiple indicators and is very useful for investment,construction,and scientific decision-making for desalination projects.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation of the micro energy network (MEN) of desalination for multi-source and multi-load is studied,and the basic idea of comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation is analyzed.The process includes the use of a MEN model to establish an integrated energy efficiency evaluation index system,taking into consideration energy,equipment,economic,environmental,and social factors.A combined evaluation method considering subjective and objective comprehensive weights for multi-source multi-load desalination MENs is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of desalination and from multiple perspectives.展开更多
Background: The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of cotton's most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuring...Background: The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of cotton's most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton. We aimed to investigate the variation in resistance of transgenic Bt cotton varieties to cotton bollworm in North China. Methods: Populations of cotton bollworm were monitored from 2008 to 2015 in environments where Bt cotton was planted adjacent to other non Bt crops. The study included 197 Bt cotton varieties planted in 42 counties/locations in three provinces (Hebei, Shandong and Henan) of North China, which were evaluated through field investigations, bioassays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results: The average number of cotton bollworms never exceeded the action threshold (10 larvae per 100 cotton plants), however, their number reached 19.55 per 100 cotton plants in 2011. The ratios of damaged plants to total Bt cotton stem tips, buds, and bolls was low except in 2010, when the ratios reached 1.82%, 2.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. The results of bioassay showed that the corrected mortality were higher at the second generation cotton bollworm stage than the third and fourth germination stages. Totally, Bt protein content declined sharply at the seedling stage from 2008 to 2015. Conclusions: This study indicated that almost all Bt cotton varieties were capable to effectively control the populations of cotton bollworm in North China.展开更多
In recent years, high performance scientific computing under workstation cluster connected by local area network is becoming a hot point. Owing to both the longer latency and the higher overhead for protocol processin...In recent years, high performance scientific computing under workstation cluster connected by local area network is becoming a hot point. Owing to both the longer latency and the higher overhead for protocol processing compared with the powerful single workstation capacity, it is becoming severe important to keep balance not only for numerical load but also for communication load, and to overlap communications with computations while parallel computing. Hence,our efficiency evaluation rules must discover these capacities of a given parallel algorithm in order to optimize the existed algorithm to attain its highest parallel efficiency. The traditional efficiency evaluation rules can not succeed in this work any more. Fortunately, thanks to Culler's detail discuss in LogP model about interconnection networks for MPP systems, we present a system of efficiency evaluation rules for parallel computations under workstation cluster with PVM3.0 parallel software framework in this paper. These rules can satisfy above acquirements successfully. At last, two typical synchronous,and asynchronous applications are designed to verify the validity of these rules under 4 SGIs workstations cluster connected by Ethernet.展开更多
Objective: “Rapid screening, targeted sampling, objective test” is an efficient test model. The factors affecting the efficiency include false screening rate, missing rate and rapid screening time. However, only mis...Objective: “Rapid screening, targeted sampling, objective test” is an efficient test model. The factors affecting the efficiency include false screening rate, missing rate and rapid screening time. However, only missing rate and accuracy have been used as technical requirements to evaluate rapid screening method. In this study, efficiency was regarded as evaluation index of quick testing method. Method: The evaluation model of quick testing efficiency was established by comparing time of routine testing and quick testing. By simulation calculation, the effect factors such as rapid screening time, false screening rate, missing rate and defective rate were analyzed. Results: The calculation formula of efficiency was derived. Simulation results showed that the lower defective rate, the higher efficiency;the smaller missing rate, false screening rate, or screening time, the higher efficiency and the degree of improving efficiency is related to defective rate;sometimes, the screening time is the most important factor affecting the efficiency. In certain cases, if the false screening rate or missing rate is 50%, the efficiency can be increased by more than 10 times. Conclusions: Taken together, this study highlighted a role of efficiency which functioned as an index to evaluate rapid screening. Quick testing efficiency evaluation model can be used for the calculation efficiency, and can be used to analysis the relationship between efficiency and the influence factors, and can provide the theoretical foundation for rapid screening method development and evaluation.展开更多
Energy efficiency assessment of distribution network containing distributed generation is one of the core contents of power grid construction. Aiming at the lack of a quantitative evaluation method for energy efficien...Energy efficiency assessment of distribution network containing distributed generation is one of the core contents of power grid construction. Aiming at the lack of a quantitative evaluation method for energy efficiency of distribution network containing distributed generation, a novel energy efficiency assessment method based on the super-efficiency model is proposed. Starting from the basic elements and operational requirements of the distribution network containing distributed generation, the energy efficiency assessment metric set is constructed. On this basis, the concept of generalized energy efficiency function is defined, and the super-efficiency model is used to assess the energy efficiency of the distribution network containing distributed generation. Finally, an example is given to evaluate and analyze energy efficiency. The results confirm the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
In the era of the digital economy, great changes have taken place in the production and trading of enterprises. The emergence of digital technology has brought new impetus to optimize the layout of industrial structur...In the era of the digital economy, great changes have taken place in the production and trading of enterprises. The emergence of digital technology has brought new impetus to optimize the layout of industrial structures and transform the old and new kinetic energy. Combined with the 14th Five-Year Plan and the requirements of domestic and international dual-cycle development, we construct an evaluation index system for the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform from the five dimensions of benefit improvement, innovation-driven, structural optimization, ECO development, and people’s liveli-hood benefit. Based on the data of Guizhou and Sichuan province from 2010 to 2019, the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou from the horizontal and vertical perspectives is evaluated by using the entropy weight TOPSISI model, and policy suggestions for industrial development in Guizhou are put forward. Results show that:(1) the level of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou was on the rise since 2015, but the development rate had slowed in the past two years, and the gap was obvious with Sichuan;(2) there is a problem of insufficient development imbalance in Guizhou, which is lagging in four aspects, including benefit improvement, innovation-driven, ECO development, and people’s livelihood benefit.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of mor...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of more efficient indices for the evaluation of GC prognosis is required.We propose,for the first time,that the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)to prealbumin(PA)ratio(APR)can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GC.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value the APR in GC.METHODS According to the exclusion strategy,we collected the preoperative serologic examination results and clinical information of 409 GC patients treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January to December,2016.By calculating the APR,the neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein(CRP)and albumin(ALB)ratio,platelet and lymphocyte ratio,lymphocyte and monocyte ratio,and the relationship with clinical information,we verified the role of preoperative APR ratio in the prognosis of GC.In addition,we used a Cox model combined with the APR and tumor stage to demonstrate its efficacy in assessing the prognosis of GC patients.RESULTS Preoperative APR was an independent prognostic factor for GC.The median age of patients in the APR-high group was greater compared with that in the APR-low group.Patients with a higher APR had a more advanced clinical stage,higher neutrophil to lymphocyte,CRP to ALB,and platelet to lymphocyte ratios,but a lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(P<0.05).The APR-high group also had higher glycoprotein antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 125 levels than the APR-low group(P<0.05).Median overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly longer in the APR-low group than in the APR-high group.In addition,a Cox model based on the APR and tumor stage was more effective in evaluating the prognosis of patients than models based on stage alone or stage plus the NLR.CONCLUSION A higher APR is an independent and negative prognostic factor for GC.The prognosis of GC can be better evaluated using a Cox model based on the APR and stage.展开更多
System-of-systems (SOS) engineering involves a com- plex process of refining high-level SoS requirements into more detailed systems requirements and assessing the extent to which the performances of to-be systems ma...System-of-systems (SOS) engineering involves a com- plex process of refining high-level SoS requirements into more detailed systems requirements and assessing the extent to which the performances of to-be systems may possibly satisfy SoS capa- bility objectives. The key issue is how to model such requirements to automate the process of analysis and assessment. This paper suggests a meta-model that defines both functional and non- functional features of SoS requirements for command and control, communication, computer, intelligence, surveillance reconnais- sance (C41SR) systems. A domain-specific modeling language is defined by extending unified modeling language (UML) con- structed of class and association with fuzzy theory in order to model the fuzzy concepts of performance requirements. An effi- ciency evaluation function is introduced, based on Bezier curves, to predict the effectiveness of systems. An algorithm is presented to transform domain models in fuzzy UML into a requirements ontology in description logic (DL) so that requirements verification can be automated with a popular DL reasoner such as Pellet.展开更多
Traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) theory assumes that decision variables are regarded as inputs or outputs,and no variable can play the roles of both an input and an output at the same time.In fact,there ex...Traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) theory assumes that decision variables are regarded as inputs or outputs,and no variable can play the roles of both an input and an output at the same time.In fact,there exist some variables that work as inputs and outputs simultaneously and are called dual-role variables.Traditional DEA models cannot be used to appraise the performance of decision making units containing dual-role variables.The paper analyzes the structure and properties of the production systems comprising dual-role variables,and proposes a DEA model integrating dual-role variables.Finally the proposed model is illustrated to evaluate the efficiency of university departments.展开更多
The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in t...The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in this paper. The R-value method, developed by Xu (1989), is further developed here, and can be applied to more complicated cases. Probability gains in spatial and/or temporal domains and the R-values for different forecast methods are estimated in North China. The synthesized probability gain is then estimated as an example.展开更多
This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for estimating the regional rooftop photovoltaic(PV)potential.The required rooftop information is extracted from Gao Fen-7 satellite images.In particular,the rooftop area ...This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for estimating the regional rooftop photovoltaic(PV)potential.The required rooftop information is extracted from Gao Fen-7 satellite images.In particular,the rooftop area is obtained using a semantic segmentation network.The azimuth and inclination angles are calculated based on the digital surface model.In addition,to improve the accuracy of the economic evaluation,buildings are divided into commercial and industrial buildings and residential buildings.Based on the difference in the roof inclination,the rooftops can be divided into flat roofs,on which the PV panels are installed with the optimal inclination angle,and sloped rooftops,on which the PV panels are installed in a lay-flat manner.The solar irradiation on the plane-of-array is calculated using the isotropic sky translocation model.Then,the available installed capacity and generation potential of the rooftop PV is obtained.Finally,the net present value,dynamic payback period,and internal rate of return are used to evaluate the economic efficiency of the rooftop PV project.The proposed framework is applied in the Da Xing district of Beijing,China,with a total area of 546.84 km^(2).The results show that the rooftop area and available installed capacity of PV are 25.63 km^(2)and 1487.45 MWp,respectively.The annual rooftop PV generation potential is 2832.23 GWh,with significant economic returns.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips...[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2( active ingredient 600 g),which can be mixed with fertilizer( 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2) once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074089 and 52104064)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LH2019E019).
文摘As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51567002 and Grant 50767001.
文摘Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.
文摘In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed.The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier,the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency.Subsequently,a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.Regression analysis revealed that technological investments,employee quality,workshop production scale,investment in clean energy,and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors,this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.It optimizes the combination of various production elements,thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops,which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.
基金Sponsorship of the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Development Program for Institutes of Higher Learning in Shandong Province(2021RW008)the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QG048).
文摘As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.
文摘The deaf-mutes population is constantly feeling helpless when others do not understand them and vice versa.To fill this gap,this study implements a CNN-based neural network,Convolutional Based Attention Module(CBAM),to recognise Malaysian Sign Language(MSL)in videos recognition.This study has created 2071 videos for 19 dynamic signs.Two different experiments were conducted for dynamic signs,using CBAM-3DResNet implementing‘Within Blocks’and‘Before Classifier’methods.Various metrics such as the accuracy,loss,precision,recall,F1-score,confusion matrix,and training time were recorded to evaluate the models’efficiency.Results showed that CBAM-ResNet models had good performances in videos recognition tasks,with recognition rates of over 90%with little variations.CBAMResNet‘Before Classifier’is more efficient than‘Within Blocks’models of CBAM-ResNet.All experiment results indicated the CBAM-ResNet‘Before Classifier’efficiency in recognising Malaysian Sign Language and its worth of future research.
文摘The evaluation system of smart ammunition warhead overall efficiency has been established in this paper. Allkinds of evaluation methods have been analyzed. Having led the concept of hierarchical structure into technique for orderpreference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, we put forward the step TOPSIS method which is suitable forevaluating the overall efficiency of smart ammunition warheads. In the calculation of index weight, the graded weight cal-culus is put forward which hardly relies on the subjectivity of decision-makers and can reflect the sensitivity and compatibili-ty of the index. In the graded weight calculation, the proportional-arithmetic weight value calculus and sensitivity-compati-bility weight value calculus are given respectively.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China project titled “Study on Multisource and Multi-load Coordination and Optimization Technology Considering Desalination of Sea Water”(SGTJDK00DWJS1800011)
文摘With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scientific method for the quantitative analysis of energy efficiency based on multiple indicators and is very useful for investment,construction,and scientific decision-making for desalination projects.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation of the micro energy network (MEN) of desalination for multi-source and multi-load is studied,and the basic idea of comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation is analyzed.The process includes the use of a MEN model to establish an integrated energy efficiency evaluation index system,taking into consideration energy,equipment,economic,environmental,and social factors.A combined evaluation method considering subjective and objective comprehensive weights for multi-source multi-load desalination MENs is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of desalination and from multiple perspectives.
基金supported by the project of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-20)
文摘Background: The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of cotton's most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton. We aimed to investigate the variation in resistance of transgenic Bt cotton varieties to cotton bollworm in North China. Methods: Populations of cotton bollworm were monitored from 2008 to 2015 in environments where Bt cotton was planted adjacent to other non Bt crops. The study included 197 Bt cotton varieties planted in 42 counties/locations in three provinces (Hebei, Shandong and Henan) of North China, which were evaluated through field investigations, bioassays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results: The average number of cotton bollworms never exceeded the action threshold (10 larvae per 100 cotton plants), however, their number reached 19.55 per 100 cotton plants in 2011. The ratios of damaged plants to total Bt cotton stem tips, buds, and bolls was low except in 2010, when the ratios reached 1.82%, 2.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. The results of bioassay showed that the corrected mortality were higher at the second generation cotton bollworm stage than the third and fourth germination stages. Totally, Bt protein content declined sharply at the seedling stage from 2008 to 2015. Conclusions: This study indicated that almost all Bt cotton varieties were capable to effectively control the populations of cotton bollworm in North China.
文摘In recent years, high performance scientific computing under workstation cluster connected by local area network is becoming a hot point. Owing to both the longer latency and the higher overhead for protocol processing compared with the powerful single workstation capacity, it is becoming severe important to keep balance not only for numerical load but also for communication load, and to overlap communications with computations while parallel computing. Hence,our efficiency evaluation rules must discover these capacities of a given parallel algorithm in order to optimize the existed algorithm to attain its highest parallel efficiency. The traditional efficiency evaluation rules can not succeed in this work any more. Fortunately, thanks to Culler's detail discuss in LogP model about interconnection networks for MPP systems, we present a system of efficiency evaluation rules for parallel computations under workstation cluster with PVM3.0 parallel software framework in this paper. These rules can satisfy above acquirements successfully. At last, two typical synchronous,and asynchronous applications are designed to verify the validity of these rules under 4 SGIs workstations cluster connected by Ethernet.
文摘Objective: “Rapid screening, targeted sampling, objective test” is an efficient test model. The factors affecting the efficiency include false screening rate, missing rate and rapid screening time. However, only missing rate and accuracy have been used as technical requirements to evaluate rapid screening method. In this study, efficiency was regarded as evaluation index of quick testing method. Method: The evaluation model of quick testing efficiency was established by comparing time of routine testing and quick testing. By simulation calculation, the effect factors such as rapid screening time, false screening rate, missing rate and defective rate were analyzed. Results: The calculation formula of efficiency was derived. Simulation results showed that the lower defective rate, the higher efficiency;the smaller missing rate, false screening rate, or screening time, the higher efficiency and the degree of improving efficiency is related to defective rate;sometimes, the screening time is the most important factor affecting the efficiency. In certain cases, if the false screening rate or missing rate is 50%, the efficiency can be increased by more than 10 times. Conclusions: Taken together, this study highlighted a role of efficiency which functioned as an index to evaluate rapid screening. Quick testing efficiency evaluation model can be used for the calculation efficiency, and can be used to analysis the relationship between efficiency and the influence factors, and can provide the theoretical foundation for rapid screening method development and evaluation.
文摘Energy efficiency assessment of distribution network containing distributed generation is one of the core contents of power grid construction. Aiming at the lack of a quantitative evaluation method for energy efficiency of distribution network containing distributed generation, a novel energy efficiency assessment method based on the super-efficiency model is proposed. Starting from the basic elements and operational requirements of the distribution network containing distributed generation, the energy efficiency assessment metric set is constructed. On this basis, the concept of generalized energy efficiency function is defined, and the super-efficiency model is used to assess the energy efficiency of the distribution network containing distributed generation. Finally, an example is given to evaluate and analyze energy efficiency. The results confirm the validity of the proposed method.
基金supported by the Key Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Univer-sities of Guizhou Province(Grant No.2020ZD003).
文摘In the era of the digital economy, great changes have taken place in the production and trading of enterprises. The emergence of digital technology has brought new impetus to optimize the layout of industrial structures and transform the old and new kinetic energy. Combined with the 14th Five-Year Plan and the requirements of domestic and international dual-cycle development, we construct an evaluation index system for the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform from the five dimensions of benefit improvement, innovation-driven, structural optimization, ECO development, and people’s liveli-hood benefit. Based on the data of Guizhou and Sichuan province from 2010 to 2019, the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou from the horizontal and vertical perspectives is evaluated by using the entropy weight TOPSISI model, and policy suggestions for industrial development in Guizhou are put forward. Results show that:(1) the level of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou was on the rise since 2015, but the development rate had slowed in the past two years, and the gap was obvious with Sichuan;(2) there is a problem of insufficient development imbalance in Guizhou, which is lagging in four aspects, including benefit improvement, innovation-driven, ECO development, and people’s livelihood benefit.
基金Supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,No.2017GSF221018 and No.2017G006007.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of more efficient indices for the evaluation of GC prognosis is required.We propose,for the first time,that the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)to prealbumin(PA)ratio(APR)can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GC.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value the APR in GC.METHODS According to the exclusion strategy,we collected the preoperative serologic examination results and clinical information of 409 GC patients treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January to December,2016.By calculating the APR,the neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein(CRP)and albumin(ALB)ratio,platelet and lymphocyte ratio,lymphocyte and monocyte ratio,and the relationship with clinical information,we verified the role of preoperative APR ratio in the prognosis of GC.In addition,we used a Cox model combined with the APR and tumor stage to demonstrate its efficacy in assessing the prognosis of GC patients.RESULTS Preoperative APR was an independent prognostic factor for GC.The median age of patients in the APR-high group was greater compared with that in the APR-low group.Patients with a higher APR had a more advanced clinical stage,higher neutrophil to lymphocyte,CRP to ALB,and platelet to lymphocyte ratios,but a lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(P<0.05).The APR-high group also had higher glycoprotein antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 125 levels than the APR-low group(P<0.05).Median overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly longer in the APR-low group than in the APR-high group.In addition,a Cox model based on the APR and tumor stage was more effective in evaluating the prognosis of patients than models based on stage alone or stage plus the NLR.CONCLUSION A higher APR is an independent and negative prognostic factor for GC.The prognosis of GC can be better evaluated using a Cox model based on the APR and stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273210)
文摘System-of-systems (SOS) engineering involves a com- plex process of refining high-level SoS requirements into more detailed systems requirements and assessing the extent to which the performances of to-be systems may possibly satisfy SoS capa- bility objectives. The key issue is how to model such requirements to automate the process of analysis and assessment. This paper suggests a meta-model that defines both functional and non- functional features of SoS requirements for command and control, communication, computer, intelligence, surveillance reconnais- sance (C41SR) systems. A domain-specific modeling language is defined by extending unified modeling language (UML) con- structed of class and association with fuzzy theory in order to model the fuzzy concepts of performance requirements. An effi- ciency evaluation function is introduced, based on Bezier curves, to predict the effectiveness of systems. An algorithm is presented to transform domain models in fuzzy UML into a requirements ontology in description logic (DL) so that requirements verification can be automated with a popular DL reasoner such as Pellet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (7082100170801056)
文摘Traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) theory assumes that decision variables are regarded as inputs or outputs,and no variable can play the roles of both an input and an output at the same time.In fact,there exist some variables that work as inputs and outputs simultaneously and are called dual-role variables.Traditional DEA models cannot be used to appraise the performance of decision making units containing dual-role variables.The paper analyzes the structure and properties of the production systems comprising dual-role variables,and proposes a DEA model integrating dual-role variables.Finally the proposed model is illustrated to evaluate the efficiency of university departments.
文摘The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in this paper. The R-value method, developed by Xu (1989), is further developed here, and can be applied to more complicated cases. Probability gains in spatial and/or temporal domains and the R-values for different forecast methods are estimated in North China. The synthesized probability gain is then estimated as an example.
基金supported by the Global Energy Interconnection Group Co.,Ltd.,Science and Technology Project(SGGEIG00JYJS2100032)。
文摘This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for estimating the regional rooftop photovoltaic(PV)potential.The required rooftop information is extracted from Gao Fen-7 satellite images.In particular,the rooftop area is obtained using a semantic segmentation network.The azimuth and inclination angles are calculated based on the digital surface model.In addition,to improve the accuracy of the economic evaluation,buildings are divided into commercial and industrial buildings and residential buildings.Based on the difference in the roof inclination,the rooftops can be divided into flat roofs,on which the PV panels are installed with the optimal inclination angle,and sloped rooftops,on which the PV panels are installed in a lay-flat manner.The solar irradiation on the plane-of-array is calculated using the isotropic sky translocation model.Then,the available installed capacity and generation potential of the rooftop PV is obtained.Finally,the net present value,dynamic payback period,and internal rate of return are used to evaluate the economic efficiency of the rooftop PV project.The proposed framework is applied in the Da Xing district of Beijing,China,with a total area of 546.84 km^(2).The results show that the rooftop area and available installed capacity of PV are 25.63 km^(2)and 1487.45 MWp,respectively.The annual rooftop PV generation potential is 2832.23 GWh,with significant economic returns.
基金Supported by Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-20-2-2)Special Fund for Agricultural Industry Research System of Yunnan Province(YNGZTX-4-92)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2( active ingredient 600 g),which can be mixed with fertilizer( 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2) once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.