Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Carbon efficiency evaluation method for urban energy system with multiple energy complementary

Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.

Research on China's Aquaculture Efficiency Evaluation and Influencing Factors with Undesirable Outputs

Taking the aquaculture area, the number of farming boats and that of aquaculturist as input variables, the aquaculture production as desirable output variable and polluted economic loss as undesirable output variable, this paper conducts SBM model to evaluate the aquaculture efficiency based on the data of 16 aquaculture-developed provinces in China from 2004 to 2011. The results show the efficiency in China has not changed much in recent years with the efficiency values mainly between 0.39 and 0.53, and the efficiency of marine-aquaculture-dominated provinces is generally higher than that of freshwater-aquaculture-dominated ones. To analyze the difference under the efficiency, the panel Tobit model is used with education level factor, training factor, technology extension factor, technical level factor, scale factor and species factor as the efficiency influencing factors. The results show that technology extension factor and technical level factor have significant positive influence.

Integrated energy efficiency evaluation of a multi-source multi-load desalination micro-energy network

With increasing global shortage of fresh water resources,many countries are prioritizing desalination as a means of utilizing abundantly available seawater resources.Integrated energy efficiency evaluation is a scientific method for the quantitative analysis of energy efficiency based on multiple indicators and is very useful for investment,construction,and scientific decision-making for desalination projects.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation of the micro energy network (MEN) of desalination for multi-source and multi-load is studied,and the basic idea of comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation is analyzed.The process includes the use of a MEN model to establish an integrated energy efficiency evaluation index system,taking into consideration energy,equipment,economic,environmental,and social factors.A combined evaluation method considering subjective and objective comprehensive weights for multi-source multi-load desalination MENs is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of desalination and from multiple perspectives.

Establishment of Quick Testing Efficiency Evaluation Model and Analysis of Related Factors

Objective: “Rapid screening, targeted sampling, objective test” is an efficient test model. The factors affecting the efficiency include false screening rate, missing rate and rapid screening time. However, only missing rate and accuracy have been used as technical requirements to evaluate rapid screening method. In this study, efficiency was regarded as evaluation index of quick testing method. Method: The evaluation model of quick testing efficiency was established by comparing time of routine testing and quick testing. By simulation calculation, the effect factors such as rapid screening time, false screening rate, missing rate and defective rate were analyzed. Results: The calculation formula of efficiency was derived. Simulation results showed that the lower defective rate, the higher efficiency;the smaller missing rate, false screening rate, or screening time, the higher efficiency and the degree of improving efficiency is related to defective rate;sometimes, the screening time is the most important factor affecting the efficiency. In certain cases, if the false screening rate or missing rate is 50%, the efficiency can be increased by more than 10 times. Conclusions: Taken together, this study highlighted a role of efficiency which functioned as an index to evaluate rapid screening. Quick testing efficiency evaluation model can be used for the calculation efficiency, and can be used to analysis the relationship between efficiency and the influence factors, and can provide the theoretical foundation for rapid screening method development and evaluation.

Efficiency evaluation of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou

In the era of the digital economy, great changes have taken place in the production and trading of enterprises. The emergence of digital technology has brought new impetus to optimize the layout of industrial structures and transform the old and new kinetic energy. Combined with the 14th Five-Year Plan and the requirements of domestic and international dual-cycle development, we construct an evaluation index system for the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform from the five dimensions of benefit improvement, innovation-driven, structural optimization, ECO development, and people’s liveli-hood benefit. Based on the data of Guizhou and Sichuan province from 2010 to 2019, the efficiency of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou from the horizontal and vertical perspectives is evaluated by using the entropy weight TOPSISI model, and policy suggestions for industrial development in Guizhou are put forward. Results show that:(1) the level of industrial supply-side structural reform in Guizhou was on the rise since 2015, but the development rate had slowed in the past two years, and the gap was obvious with Sichuan;(2) there is a problem of insufficient development imbalance in Guizhou, which is lagging in four aspects, including benefit improvement, innovation-driven, ECO development, and people’s livelihood benefit.

Spectrum quantification-based safety efficiency evaluation of autonomous vehicle under random cut-in scenarios

Continuous-scale trusted safety efficiency evaluation is crucial for the agile development and robust validation of autonomous vehicle intelligence.While the UN R157 Regulation evaluates automated lane-keeping system(ALKS)performance baselines through safe collision plots(SCPs)in various scenario clusters,quantifying the specific ALKS safety efficiency remains challenging.We propose a spectrum quantification approach to evaluate the safety efficiency of autonomous vehicles in cut-in scenarios.First,we collected speed-distance data under different cut-in scenarios and extracted essential spectral features to indicate the vehicle motion parameters during the cut-in process.Second,by utilizing Fourier analysis,a spectral analysis model was built to quantify and analyze the vehicle motion characteristics,providing insights into scenario safety.Finally,we created approximate analytical equations for the normalized disturbance frequencies in the nonlinear response scenarios of autonomous driving systems by combining the SCP with a frequency spectrum analysis model.The results showed that the normalized disturbance frequency in the cut-in scenario was approximately 0.2.When the relative longitudinal distance and speed of the vehicle are the same,if the cut-in speed of the cut-in vehicle is larger,the normalized disturbance frequency is higher,indicating that the cut-in process of the autonomous vehicle is more dangerous and may trigger a collision.

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Company CW’s Manufacturing Workshops

In this work,the Slacks-Based Measure(SBM)model within Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to establish a set of indicators for evaluating the energy efficiency of manufacturing workshops.The energy efficiency of 12 Company CW’s manufacturing workshops from 2016 to 2022 was assessed.The findings indicated that aside from a few workshops operating at the production frontier,the rest exhibit significant fluctuations in energy efficiency and generally low energy efficiency.Subsequently,a combined GRA-Tobit analysis model was introduced to identify factors influencing the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.Regression analysis revealed that technological investments,employee quality,workshop production scale,investment in clean energy,and the level of pollution control all significantly impact the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops.By evaluating the energy efficiency of Company CW’s manufacturing workshops and studying their influencing factors,this research aids company managers in understanding the energy efficiency of the manufacturing process.It optimizes the combination of various production elements,thereby offering effective guidance for improving the energy efficiency issues of the company’s manufacturing workshops,which can contribute to enhancing the corporation’s overall energy efficiency.

Evaluation of Chinese Learning Efficiency of International Students in China:Comparing by Dimension

This paper introduces the Value Engineering method to calculate the value coefficient of Chinese learning efficiency for 377 international students by dimension.Results suggest that attention should be paid to male,European and American,rural,introverted,and“work or education needs”international students;Give full play to the driving role of the reference-type,explore the space for improving the learning efficiency of the improvement-type and attention-type,and pay attention to the problems of problem-type international students.

Evaluation of Chinese Learning Efficiency of International Students in China

This paper investigates the related factors of Chinese learning engagement and performance of 377 students from three universities in Guangzhou of China,employs the value engineering method,and calculates the value coefficient of learning efficiency.From the value coefficient of Chinese language learning,it proves that over 60%of international students studying in China have a higher efficiency in learning Chinese.

The Synthetic Evaluation of Warhead Overall Efficiency

The evaluation system of smart ammunition warhead overall efficiency has been established in this paper. Allkinds of evaluation methods have been analyzed. Having led the concept of hierarchical structure into technique for orderpreference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, we put forward the step TOPSIS method which is suitable forevaluating the overall efficiency of smart ammunition warheads. In the calculation of index weight, the graded weight cal-culus is put forward which hardly relies on the subjectivity of decision-makers and can reflect the sensitivity and compatibili-ty of the index. In the graded weight calculation, the proportional-arithmetic weight value calculus and sensitivity-compati-bility weight value calculus are given respectively.

Research on Evaluation and Optimization of Regional Land Use Structure Efficiency

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to judge the rationality of land use structure from new perspectives and method. [Method] The theory of data en- velopment analysis （DEA） has been employed in this article. A case study of evalu- ation of land use structure for Wujin district in 2012 is provided to illustrate the ap- plication of this research model. At the micro perspective, land use efficiency has been analyzed by use of data envelopment analysis model. The optimization and adjustment direction in land use structure has been pointed out from the view point of land use efficiency. [Result] The result has shown that the research method based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis model can effectively overcome the drawback of traditional evaluation techniques. Compared with the tra- ditional methods, the new optimization model based on a structure of the multi-crite- ria factors and objective weighting method can evaluate the rationality of land use structure more comprehensively.

Stock Efficiency Evaluation Based on Multiple Risk Measures:A DEA-Like Envelopment Approach

This paper proposes a new approach for stock efficiency evaluation based on multiple risk measures. A derived programming model with quadratic constraints is developed based on the envelopment form of data envelopment analysis(DEA). The derived model serves as an input-oriented DEA model by minimizing inputs such as multiple risk measures. In addition, the Russell input measure is introduced and the corresponding efficiency results are evaluated. The findings show that stock efficiency evaluation under the new framework is also effective. The efficiency values indicate that the portfolio frontier under the new framework is more externally enveloped than the DEA efficient surface under the standard DEA framework.

Realistic Efficiency Evaluations for Parallel Computations under Workstation Cluster

In recent years, high performance scientific computing under workstation cluster connected by local area network is becoming a hot point. Owing to both the longer latency and the higher overhead for protocol processing compared with the powerful single workstation capacity, it is becoming severe important to keep balance not only for numerical load but also for communication load, and to overlap communications with computations while parallel computing. Hence,our efficiency evaluation rules must discover these capacities of a given parallel algorithm in order to optimize the existed algorithm to attain its highest parallel efficiency. The traditional efficiency evaluation rules can not succeed in this work any more. Fortunately, thanks to Culler's detail discuss in LogP model about interconnection networks for MPP systems, we present a system of efficiency evaluation rules for parallel computations under workstation cluster with PVM3.0 parallel software framework in this paper. These rules can satisfy above acquirements successfully. At last, two typical synchronous,and asynchronous applications are designed to verify the validity of these rules under 4 SGIs workstations cluster connected by Ethernet.

Research on the Efficiency Evaluation for the Board Based on GT-AHP Method

The board of directors is the core of corporate governance mechanism. In order to enhance the operation efficiency of the board, and to further reduce the agency cost, effective appraisal of the efficiency of the board becomes urgent. This paper firstly uses graph transformation and matrix algorithm to analyze the performance evaluation factors of the board and establishes the ordered hierarchy structure of the appraisal indexes. Then, it calculates the index weights with the AHP method. Next, it sets up the efficiency appraisal index system of the board. At last, the paper gives an empirical analysis with an example.

Evaluating the Efficiency of CBAM-Resnet Using Malaysian Sign Language

The deaf-mutes population is constantly feeling helpless when others do not understand them and vice versa.To fill this gap,this study implements a CNN-based neural network,Convolutional Based Attention Module(CBAM),to recognise Malaysian Sign Language(MSL)in videos recognition.This study has created 2071 videos for 19 dynamic signs.Two different experiments were conducted for dynamic signs,using CBAM-3DResNet implementing‘Within Blocks’and‘Before Classifier’methods.Various metrics such as the accuracy,loss,precision,recall,F1-score,confusion matrix,and training time were recorded to evaluate the models’efficiency.Results showed that CBAM-ResNet models had good performances in videos recognition tasks,with recognition rates of over 90%with little variations.CBAMResNet‘Before Classifier’is more efficient than‘Within Blocks’models of CBAM-ResNet.All experiment results indicated the CBAM-ResNet‘Before Classifier’efficiency in recognising Malaysian Sign Language and its worth of future research.

Efficiency of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner) control of different Bt cotton varieties in North China

Background： The cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera） is one of cotton＇s most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton. We aimed to investigate the variation in resistance of transgenic Bt cotton varieties to cotton bollworm in North China. Methods： Populations of cotton bollworm were monitored from 2008 to 2015 in environments where Bt cotton was planted adjacent to other non Bt crops. The study included 197 Bt cotton varieties planted in 42 counties/locations in three provinces （Hebei, Shandong and Henan） of North China, which were evaluated through field investigations, bioassays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. Results： The average number of cotton bollworms never exceeded the action threshold （10 larvae per 100 cotton plants）, however, their number reached 19.55 per 100 cotton plants in 2011. The ratios of damaged plants to total Bt cotton stem tips, buds, and bolls was low except in 2010, when the ratios reached 1.82%, 2.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. The results of bioassay showed that the corrected mortality were higher at the second generation cotton bollworm stage than the third and fourth germination stages. Totally, Bt protein content declined sharply at the seedling stage from 2008 to 2015. Conclusions： This study indicated that almost all Bt cotton varieties were capable to effectively control the populations of cotton bollworm in North China.

Defining Cities by Water: Addressing Capital Misallocation in a Race to Conserve Resources

As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.

An Energy Efficiency Assessment Method for Distribution Network Containing DG

Energy efficiency assessment of distribution network containing distributed generation is one of the core contents of power grid construction. Aiming at the lack of a quantitative evaluation method for energy efficiency of distribution network containing distributed generation, a novel energy efficiency assessment method based on the super-efficiency model is proposed. Starting from the basic elements and operational requirements of the distribution network containing distributed generation, the energy efficiency assessment metric set is constructed. On this basis, the concept of generalized energy efficiency function is defined, and the super-efficiency model is used to assess the energy efficiency of the distribution network containing distributed generation. Finally, an example is given to evaluate and analyze energy efficiency. The results confirm the validity of the proposed method.

Research on Financial Performance Evaluation of Listed Agricultural Companies in China--Based on VRS-DEA and Malmquist Index

On the basis of sorting the development of the theory of company performance evaluation,this study uses the VRS-DEA model and Malmquist index to evaluate the financial performance of 12 listed agricultural companies in China.Firstly,the selected sample data was standardized,and then the VRS-DEA model was used to analyze the financial performance indicators of the sample companies in 2019.Secondly,the financial performance indicators of the sample companies from 2015 to 2019 were used to longitudinally analyze the company's total factor productivity through the Malmquist index.Finally,based on the analysis of the financial performance evaluation results of sample companies,some suggestions for improving the financial performance of listed agricultural companies in China are put forward.