This paper presents a newly designed ultra-thin, lead-free, and all-inorganic solar cell structure. The structure was optimized using the SCAPS-1D simulator, incorporating solid-state layers arranged as n-graphene/CsS...This paper presents a newly designed ultra-thin, lead-free, and all-inorganic solar cell structure. The structure was optimized using the SCAPS-1D simulator, incorporating solid-state layers arranged as n-graphene/CsSnGeI<sub>3</sub>/p-graphene. The objective was to investigate the potential of utilizing n-graphene as the electron transport layer and p-graphene as the hole transport layer to achieve maximum power conversion efficiency. Various materials for the electron transport layer were evaluated. The optimized cell structure achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.97%. The proposed solar cell structure demonstrates promising potential as an efficient, inorganic photovoltaic device. These findings provide important insights for developing and optimizing inorganic photovoltaic cells based on CsSnGeI<sub>3</sub>, with n-graphene electron transport layers and p-graphene hole transport layers.展开更多
The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in t...The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in this paper. The R-value method, developed by Xu (1989), is further developed here, and can be applied to more complicated cases. Probability gains in spatial and/or temporal domains and the R-values for different forecast methods are estimated in North China. The synthesized probability gain is then estimated as an example.展开更多
Wu Yue, a lung transplant recipi ent. now regards August 31, the day she underwent surgery, as her re-birth day. In the eyes＇ of many people, the 30-year- old woman is an embodiment of love, dili gence and intelligence.
The neutrino detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory（JUNO） is designed to use20 kilotons of liquid scintillator and approximately 16000 20 inch photomultipliers（PMTs）.One of the options is to use...The neutrino detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory（JUNO） is designed to use20 kilotons of liquid scintillator and approximately 16000 20 inch photomultipliers（PMTs）.One of the options is to use the 20 inch R12860 PMT with high quantum efficiency which has recently been developed by Hamamatsu Photonics.The performance of the newly developed PMT preproduction samples is evaluated.The results show that its quantum efficiency is 30%at 400 nm.Its Peak/Valley（P/V） ratio for the single photoelectron is 4.75 and the dark count rate is 27 kHz at the threshold of 3 mV while the gain is at 1 × 10^7.The transit time spread of a single photoelectron is 2.86 ns.Generally the performances of this new 20 inch PMT are improved over the old one of R3600.展开更多
A gain efficient L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with dynamic gain equalization is presented. Using a single fiber Bragg grating and a static equalizer, the gain is clamped at 27dB with less than 0.5dB variations ...A gain efficient L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with dynamic gain equalization is presented. Using a single fiber Bragg grating and a static equalizer, the gain is clamped at 27dB with less than 0.5dB variations over 35nm.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a newly designed ultra-thin, lead-free, and all-inorganic solar cell structure. The structure was optimized using the SCAPS-1D simulator, incorporating solid-state layers arranged as n-graphene/CsSnGeI<sub>3</sub>/p-graphene. The objective was to investigate the potential of utilizing n-graphene as the electron transport layer and p-graphene as the hole transport layer to achieve maximum power conversion efficiency. Various materials for the electron transport layer were evaluated. The optimized cell structure achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.97%. The proposed solar cell structure demonstrates promising potential as an efficient, inorganic photovoltaic device. These findings provide important insights for developing and optimizing inorganic photovoltaic cells based on CsSnGeI<sub>3</sub>, with n-graphene electron transport layers and p-graphene hole transport layers.
文摘The principle of middle and long-term earthquake forecast model of spatial and temporal synthesized probability gain and the evaluation of forecast efficiency (R-values) of various forecast methods are introduced in this paper. The R-value method, developed by Xu (1989), is further developed here, and can be applied to more complicated cases. Probability gains in spatial and/or temporal domains and the R-values for different forecast methods are estimated in North China. The synthesized probability gain is then estimated as an example.
文摘Wu Yue, a lung transplant recipi ent. now regards August 31, the day she underwent surgery, as her re-birth day. In the eyes＇ of many people, the 30-year- old woman is an embodiment of love, dili gence and intelligence.
基金Supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(X-DA10010200)Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)
文摘The neutrino detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory（JUNO） is designed to use20 kilotons of liquid scintillator and approximately 16000 20 inch photomultipliers（PMTs）.One of the options is to use the 20 inch R12860 PMT with high quantum efficiency which has recently been developed by Hamamatsu Photonics.The performance of the newly developed PMT preproduction samples is evaluated.The results show that its quantum efficiency is 30%at 400 nm.Its Peak/Valley（P/V） ratio for the single photoelectron is 4.75 and the dark count rate is 27 kHz at the threshold of 3 mV while the gain is at 1 × 10^7.The transit time spread of a single photoelectron is 2.86 ns.Generally the performances of this new 20 inch PMT are improved over the old one of R3600.
文摘A gain efficient L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with dynamic gain equalization is presented. Using a single fiber Bragg grating and a static equalizer, the gain is clamped at 27dB with less than 0.5dB variations over 35nm.
