Resource Allocation of Agricultural Science and Technology R&D

The status quo of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D(research and development)both at home and abroad,including the amount and function of agricultural science and technology research funds,human resources in the resources of agricultural science and technology R&D,the efficiency of resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D,the management system of agricultural scientific innovation and the operation status of scientific funds,is analyzed.The problems in the current resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D are put forward,including unreasonable resource allocation;low efficiency,and low efficiency of the transformation of agricultural scientific achievements.The highly effective resource allocation of agricultural science and technology R&D is analyzed from the aspects of resource allocation structure,environment,channel,spatial layout and industrial chain.

Spatial Disparity and Efficiency of Science and Technology Resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.

An Empirical Study of the Allocation Efficiency of Rural Financial Resources in Hubei Province from the Perspective of Agricultural Loans

The incompatibility of China's economy and finance has to some extent inhibited the development of rural economy. Taking Hubei Province for example,we measure the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources from the perspective of agricultural input and output,and use the modern rural financial development theory to set forth some policy recommendations on how to build a new rural financial resource allocation system. Studies have shown that the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources is low in China,and improving the allocation efficiency of rural financial resources is the key to perfecting rural financial environment while increasing financial support for agriculture.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Optimizing Resource Allocation Efficiency

Based on the existing literature,this paper analyzed and explored the factors that affect the efficiency of resource allocation,and evaluated the current situation of resource allocation in various fields.It is found that with the emergence of the new pattern of China’s economic development,the economic growth rate has slowed down,and the method of large-scale production driving economic growth is no longer applicable to the current economic situation.Nowadays,when structural transformation and upgrading have entered a new stage,to achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency,it is necessary to start from three aspects:improving information transparency,upgrading industrial structure,and planning government intervention.Through the adaptation analysis of blockchain technology and the existing problems in optimizing resource allocation efficiency,it explored the feasibility of blockchain technology to optimize resource allocation efficiency,and promote economical,efficient and high-quality development.

Study on High-efficiency Ecological Agricultural Development Based on Science and Technology in the Yellow River Delta

Based on the analysis of the status, characteristics and technological functions of high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta, the paper pointed out technological bottlenecks of the high-efficiency ecological agricultural development in the Yellow river delta. Some suggestions were proposed including changing the development concept, implementing nine projects, increasing capital investment, focusing on demonstration, and strengthening human resources.

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

川渝地区农业绿色高效用水科技攻关方向与对策建议

川渝地区农业种植面积大、从业人员多、产业份额大、战略意义强,但该地区长期面临严重的季节性干旱和工程性缺水,且农业绿色高效用水发展水平与经济发展、区域地位并不匹配,需提高农业节水抗旱减灾保产能力和水资源利用效率,推动川渝现代节水农业高质量发展。总结了川渝地区农业用水现状和高水效农业发展面临的问题,分析了该地区农业绿色高效用水的实际需求,在此基础上提出开展川渝农业绿色高效用水关键科技项目攻关、构建农业绿色高效用水专家智库、构建西南季节性干旱区农业绿色高效用水技术体系、建设特色水果产业节水科技创新中心、建立川渝农业绿色高效用水产业联盟等一系列对策建议。

数据要素市场化赋能银行数字化转型了吗?——来自中国城市层面的经验证据

深耕数据要素市场化沃土,以释放数据要素价值助力银行数字化转型,是做好数字金融大文章,充分发挥金融供血机能的关键举措。本文基于2010—2021年284个地级市面板数据,深入探讨数据要素市场化对银行数字化转型的影响。研究结果表明,数据要素市场化有助于推动银行数字化转型,同时这种影响在城市能级、金融韧性和商业信用环境方面表现出显著的异质性特征。作用机制分析发现,资源配置效率是数据要素市场化促进银行数字化转型的作用渠道,金融科技和银行业竞争在数据要素市场化赋能银行数字化转型过程中发挥正向调节效应。经济后果检验发现,数据要素市场化对银行数字化转型的促进效果可进一步作用于实体经济的发展。研究结果为银行数字化转型的实现路径提供了理论和实践参考。

基于DEA模型的河北省国家农业科技园区产业效率分析

以河北省15个国家农业科技园区为研究对象,通过考察调研及数据采集,筛选出影响农业科技园区产业运行的关键性投入、产出指标,基于DEA模型比较不同园区的产业运行效率,并针对有效园区进行投影分析,为提高园区运行效率提出了改进方向。结果表明:河北三河、河北唐山国家农业科技园区的DEA有效,多数园区存在投入产出效率不足的问题;技术效率上整体表现一般,投入要素的利用程度尚可;规模效率整体水平较高,但普遍存在规模偏小的现象。基于此,针对各个园区提出相应的改进方向,并深入剖析运行有效园区的创新发展策略,以期为河北省国家农业科技园区提升产业效率,谋求创新发展提供参考和借鉴。

创新链视角下地方公益农业类科研机构创新效率测度研究

文章基于创新链理论,将公益农业类科研机构划分为科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段,采用DEA-Malquist指数法测算2011—2020年21家福建省属公益农业类科研机构不同阶段科技创新效率。结果表明:10年间,科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的创新效率均表现为退步状态,科技研发阶段创新效率下降5.10%,成果转化阶段下降3.20%,可见两阶段均有较大提升空间;21家机构不同阶段创新效率差距明显,47.62%的机构科技研发效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.756,38.10%的机构成果转化效率处于退步状态,创新指数最大差距达0.919;机构创新发展模式差距大,23.81%为集约型,9.52%为粗放型,28.57%为研发高效-转化低效型,38.10%为研发低效-转化高效型。在此基础上,结合加快推进科技政策创新、科技体制改革等外部因素,引导机构形成学科布局、技术积累与产业经济发展格局相适应科研组织模式等内部因素,分类提出有针对性的对策建议。

数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性作用研究

选取2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,探究数字化转型对企业非效率投资的非线性影响。结果表明:数字化转型对企业非效率投资表现出倒“U”型特征,数字化转型初期会通过加大财务困境风险来提高企业非效率投资水平,后期通过优化资源配置和促进技术创新来降低企业非效率投资水平。异质性分析发现,数字化转型对企业非效率投资的倒“U”型作用在国有企业、高信息透明度企业和数字普惠金融发展水平较低城市的企业中更为明显。研究为助力企业突破数字化转型拐点、实现对企业非效率投资的有效抑制提供参考。

“卡脖子”农业技术的创新资源配置模式研究

有效的资源配置模式对于中国推动“卡脖子”农业技术创新,带动农业兴旺、农村繁荣、农民富裕,进而助力第二个百年奋斗目标实现意义重大。首先,界定“卡脖子”农业技术的涵义及特征。其次,从资源配置主体、创新资源支撑以及资源配置机制等方面分析我国现有农业技术创新资源配置模式存在的局限性,认为现有模式不能满足“卡脖子”农业技术创新的资源需求。再次,依据融合理念设计“卡脖子”农业技术创新资源配置的“点兵点将”模式,分析其在资源配置主体、创新资源支撑以及资源配置机制等方面的优势。最后,探讨运行该模式实现各个核心维度之间界面融合,即实现政府—“将”融合、跨学科—主体融合、跨学科—技术创新价值链融合、跨技术创新价值链—主体融合等不同界面融合的保障机制。

基于短视频的农业科技科普化路径研究--以江苏省农业科学院农业科技科普系列短视频为例

科技资源科普化是新时代科普工作在科研单位的具体实践。以短视频的方式进行农业科技科普,可以把抽象的科学技术具象化、可视化,对推动科技创新和社会进步,提高全民科学素养,促进科技成果的转化和应用,营造崇尚科学、创新进取的社会氛围具有重要意义。文章分析了以短视频为载体的农业科技科普化面临的挑战,并以江苏省农业科学院农业科技科普系列短视频为例,介绍了其创制与传播实践及取得的成效,从创新农业科技科普化机制、提升农业科技科普创作能力、构建农业科技科普传播矩阵等方面提出了推动农业科研单位基于短视频的农业科技资源科普化的对策建议。

数据要素的减污降碳双重环境福利效应分析

本文运用2006~2022年我国30个省(区、市)的面板数据,实证考察了数据要素的减污降碳效果。研究发现:数据要素能够实现减污降碳的双重环境福利,且主要通过资源配置效率提升、产业结构优化升级、绿色技术创新和公众环境关注度提升的渠道实现;异质性分析发现,数据要素在促进减污降碳方面存在市场化水平和数字基础设施异质性特征。进一步研究发现,数据要素在实现本地区减污降碳的同时,也会对邻近地区产生空间溢出效应;结构效应回归结果显示,数据要素对减污降碳的影响效果整体呈现地区环境污染和碳排放越高其减污降碳效果越明显的态势。本文研究结论为在双碳目标和新发展理念下如何借力数据要素“东风”实现减污降碳的“双赢”提供了重要启示。

创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响——基于空间溢出效应视角的研究

合理配置创新要素、不断提高碳排放效率是中国在加快实现“双碳”目标过程中亟须解决的现实问题,而相关研究对其可能存在的空间效应的讨论相对不足。从理论层面剖析创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响机制和空间溢出效应,将要素错配以一种扭曲税的形式表现,从投入产出视角通过超效率SBM模型测度碳排放效率,通过全要素生产率离散度法和数据包络分析法构建创新要素错配和碳排放效率的测度框架,基于2012—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型、空间自相关检验方法实证检验创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响及空间溢出效应,并将30个省份划为五大区域展开异质性分析。结果发现:创新要素错配显著抑制本地区碳排放效率提升并对空间关联地区的碳排放效率产生不利影响;创新要素错配对碳排放效率的影响存在地区异质性,中部和西南地区创新要素错配对本地区碳排放效率起到抑制作用,而东部和东北、西北地区的影响不明显;五大地区创新要素错配对空间关联地区的碳排放效率均起到抑制作用。据此,提出不断优化创新要素市场配置机制、有效鼓励企业开展低碳技术创新和应用、形成区域创新合力等助力中国碳排放效率提升的政策建议。

河南科技资源配置效率评价研究

为进一步提升河南科技资源配置效率,运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,从静态和动态两个视角对河南17个地级市及济源示范区2012—2021年期间的科技资源配置效率进行测度.研究发现,从静态评价结果来看,河南科技资源配置综合技术效率平均值为0.739,不同地区之间存在差异,综合效率的提升主要依赖纯技术效率;从动态评价结果来看,河南全要素生产率整体呈波动上升态势,年平均增长率为16%,技术进步对其贡献最大.分地区来看,其中综合提高型的城市有10个,技术进步水平提高型的城市有7个,技术效率提高型的有1个.

我国新质生产力的赋能逻辑——市场有效与政府有为

新一轮科技革命与产业变革方兴未艾,大国竞争不断升级,发达经济体纷纷加大了产业政策实施力度,旨在促进前沿科技创新和未来产业发展,抢占制高点。面对严峻复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务,习近平总书记创造性地提出发展新质生产力的重要论断。促进新质生产力的发展需要构建与之相匹配的新型生产关系,进一步推动制度、体制、机制系统集成式改革,在发挥市场配置资源决定性作用的同时更好发挥政府的作用。政府和市场赋能新质生产力不可能是简单的线性关系。如何发挥好政府和市场两种力量不断为发展新质生产力赋能亟须系统性研究。鉴于此,本文从理论逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑3个方面来阐释市场有效与政府有为共同为新质生产力赋能的内在逻辑,并提出相应的建议。

湖北省农业科技创新体系建设与效能提升

中共十八大以来,湖北省农业科技快速进步,农业科技进步贡献率超过全国平均水平,但在体系建设和效能提升方面仍存在整体效能不足、低水平重复、转化率偏低等问题。通过借鉴全国部分农业科学院科技创新主要做法,从职责定位、协同模式、学科设置、管理机制等方面提出了建议。

农业保险是否促进了中国农业绿色发展?

农业保险是中国农业绿色发展的助推器。基于2005-2020年中国省级面板数据,以农业绿色全要素生产率作为绿色发展水平的度量,运用超效率SBM模型结合Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数测算中国农业绿色全要素生产率,通过双向固定效应模型分析农业保险对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究表明:农业保险可以显著促进农业绿色全要素生产率增长,农业保险保费收入每增加1%,农业绿色全要素生产率将会增加0.024%,农业保险能够促进中国农业绿色发展;机制分析发现,优化要素配置是农业保险提升农业绿色全要素生产率的有效机制,但农业保险对推动中国农业绿色生产前沿面的扩张作用不显著;异质性分析发现,在农业信贷薄弱地区、西部地区、非粮食主产区以及土地流转率低的地区,农业保险对农业绿色全要素生产率的促进作用更强,农业保险具有绿色普惠效应;同时农业保险能够促进免耕、精播少播以及秸秆还田等绿色农业技术的应用。基于此,从完善农业保险保费补贴制度、提高农业保险保障水平、推出绿色险种等方面提出政策建议。

加快形成农业新质生产力:理论框架、现实困境与实践进路

加快形成农业新质生产力,是关系未来我国农业乃至整个国民经济发展全局的一场深刻变革。依据马克思主义生产力理论,加快形成农业新质生产力应基于科技—人才—制度“三位一体”的框架,即以科技为根本动力、以人才为主体依托、以制度为必要保障。然而,从现实情况来看,当前我国加快形成农业新质生产力仍面临着科技赋能不足、人才支撑不够、制度保障不力三大困境,突出表现为农业科技与产业相互脱节、农业科技人才与农村实用人才“量质齐缺”、政府“有形之手”与市场“无形之手”不相协调。为此,未来我国要加快形成农业新质生产力,必须尽快补齐短板弱项,即通过促进农业“创新链”和“产业链”深度融合,释放科技的“乘数效应”;通过坚持农业农村人才“育、用、留”并举,构筑人才“三脚架”结构;通过实现有效市场与有为政府协同发力,发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势。