Threshold effects of tourism agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry.The threshold regression model is employed to conduct empirical tests of the nonlinear threshold effect of agglomeration on the green innovation efficiency of tourism industry. The inter-provincial differences of various threshold effects and their possible causes are analyzed. Results indicate that the green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry is generally growing, while regional disparity is significant with a gradient decrease along the eastern-central-western regions. There is an obvious positive nonlinear relationship between tourism agglomeration and green innovation efficiency. It is also found that with the increase of agglomeration, its influence is at a high level. As the level of agglomeration crosses the first threshold, its impact is at a low level, and when it crosses the second threshold, the impact of tourism agglomeration is at an intermediate level. Finally, this paper proposes the basic path and some policy recommendations to promote the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry in China.

Analysis of the efficiency of regional tourism based on DEA window technology

In this study,data envelopment analysis is used to measure the tourism efficiency of 31 regions in China according to the panel data from the year 2000 to 2010.The conclusion shows that the efficiency of tourism industry is on the rise as a whole,while the diversity of every region becomes more and more apparent.High efficiency appears in east regions like Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai where the economy is developed,and regions like Jilin,Sichuan and Gansu in the midland and west show low efficiency.

Spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of border tourism efficiency in China

In recent years,tourism has emerged as a significant driver of economic development in China’s border regions.The study utilizes various methods,such as the super-efficiency SBM model,spatial variability,cold and hot spot analysis,and Geo-Detector approach,to measure and describe the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of land border tourism efficiency and its influencing factors.The findings reveal that the Dai autonomous prefecture of Xishuangbanna has the highest border tourism efficiency of 1.6207,while Ngari prefecture has the lowest tourism efficiency with a value of only 0.0365 at the prefecture level during the period 2010-2019.The southwest and northwest regions of China are high-and low-level agglomeration areas respectively,indicating varying levels of border tourism development.Additionally,the study identifies an upward trend in China’s border tourism efficiency from 2010-2019.The southwest region emerges as a hotspot and the most active region,while the northwest and northeast regions are considered cold spots with ample room for improvement.Furthermore,the density of transportation facilities,national vulnerability,cultural proximity,the number of border ports,and market opportunity are crucial factors influencing the spatial and temporal pattern of border tourism efficiency in China.

Beyond skyline and borders: Unraveling the evolution and drivers of tourism green development efficiency in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China

Green development is a critical component of sustainable tourism, which prioritizes a comprehensive, ecologically-friendly, and people-oriented approach to development. This study presents a case study of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH) urban agglomeration from 2001 to 2021 to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of tourism green development efficiency(TGDE). The study defines the concept of tourism green development and constructs an evaluation system, which is used to explore the internal differences and spatial patterns of TGDE within the urban agglomeration. The methodological approach includes the SBM–Undesirable model, kernel density estimation, Markov chain, and spatial gravity model. The findings indicate that the TGDE in the BTH urban agglomeration is generally favorable, displaying a temporal phase of “rising–declining–rising.” However, the study observes lower TGDE in tourism node cities compared to tourism regional center cities and tourism core hub cities. The non-equilibrium degree of each region indicates significant spatio-temporal evolution patterns and internal differences among the three regions, with a spatially decreasing distribution of “core hub-regional center-node city.” The TGDE in the urban agglomeration experienced an evolutionary trend of “first decreasing and then increasing” with apparent endogenous evolution characteristics. The linkage pattern of green development efficiency in the tourism industry between cities is relatively stable. Furthermore,neighboring cities generally exhibit a higher spatial connectivity strength of green development efficiency in the tourism industry compared to non-neighboring cities. Economic development level, industrial structure, and science and education level are identified as key factors that affect TGDE. However, the study finds that the factors influencing TGDE in tourism core hub cities, tourism regional center cities, and tourism node cities differ somewhat. Economic development level, industrial structure, science and education level, openness, and government regulation impact TGDE in tourism core hub cities and tourism regional center cities, while economic development level, industrial structure, and tourism resource endowment are the primary factors affecting TGDE in tourism node cities. The study provides policymakers and tourism practitioners with valuable insights into enhancing the green development of the tourism industry in the BTH urban agglomeration and other similar regions.Corresponding policy recommendations based on the results are proposed to improve the TGDE of the tourism industry in these regions, promote sustainable tourism development,improve the quality of life of local residents, and protect the ecological environment.

How can social enterprises contribute to sustainable pro-poor tourism development?

"Tourism-Assisting the Poor" has been an important approach in anti-poverty strategy. Studies suggest that the conventional tourism model fails to generate benefits for the poor and to some extent enlarges the gap between the poor and the rich, which subsequently causes more social problems. Pro-poor tourism(PPT) is regarded as an alternative model. Precisely targeted assistance to the poor is the key to initiating this model, while the institutional change and implementation mechanism are essential to run it successfully and sustainably. Social entrepreneurship focusing on social values while adopting modern business philosophy has been introduced recently as an instrument in helping disadvantage population. This paper takes the Smangus community in Taiwan as an example to explore the role of social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in PPT development. It also discusses their implications for the anti-poverty practice in other regions including ethnic areas in China.

Comparative Research of Residents' Effect Perception and Participation Capacity and Willingness on Pro-poor Tourism

In this article,comparative research on residents' effect perception,participation capacity and willingness on Pro-poor Tourism( PPT) is given based on the questionnaire carried out in Wulong County and Fengjie County in Three Gorges Area,Chongqing,China. Some technologies,such as SPSS 13. 0,ANOVA and T-test are applied to analyze the data and results show Wulong residents' perception behavior is better than that of Fengjie residents. Moreover,the residents with different demographic characteristics have different participation behavior.Finally,multiple regression analysis is applied to identify the key factors influencing residents' perception behavior,that is participation willingness and positive economic effect perception,positive social and cultural effect perception and participation capacity.

Pro-Poor Tourism: Critical Perspective and Implications for Future Research

Tourism is viewed as a medium to reduce poverty.The pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach has therefore emerged as the medium for tourism development to influence poverty reduction. The approach stresses on tourism development in ways to accrue net benefits to the poor through diverse strategies including those that generate employmentopportunities, infrastructural development, and skills enhancement of locals in entrepreneurial activities. Also stressed is the inclusion of the poor in tourism decision making. While the pro-poor tourism approach has gained scholarly attention, much of these studies turned to assessed PPT impactson poverty reduction in communities with limited discussion on products development. Yet, product development is considered to be the means by which tourism can contribute to local economic development and by extension, poverty reduction. This paper examines the PPT concept and argues for PPT works to examine how products are develop to influence poverty reduction with recommendations of making PPT work for the poor. This follows with implications for further research works on PPT and its development.

中国文化和旅游融合发展效率时空动态演化及其驱动机制

提高文旅融合发展效率是关乎效率变革和质量变革背景下文化和旅游深度融合及高质量发展的重要科学问题,有效把握其动态演化特征及驱动机制对推动区域文化产业与旅游产业转型升级和提质增效及其深度融合高质量发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。文章构建文化和旅游融合发展效率分析框架,运用耦合协调模型、基于松弛变量的超效率测度模型、空间马尔科夫链和面板空间杜宾模型等方法,剖析中国2011—2019年文化和旅游融合发展效率的时空动态特征及其驱动机制。研究发现:1)中国文化和旅游融合发展效率在9年间仅提升3.4%,距离最佳生产前沿面还存在至少17.3%的潜力空间,4大区域呈东部>中部>西部>东北格局,并且仅天津、上海、广东与云南4个省份常年达到最佳生产前沿面,其他省份还存在至少6.7%~33.9%的潜力空间;2)中国文化和旅游融合发展效率大致呈现“东南沿海高值集聚,西北内陆低值集聚”空间格局,存在显著的路径依赖与马太效应现象,短期内难以实现跨越式增长,但当与高效率的省份为邻时,本地省份文化和旅游融合发展效率向上转移概率有所提升;3)产业结构与交通水平是提高本地省份文化和旅游融合发展效率的主要因素,但对邻近省份产生了负向溢出效应,科技创新、消费需求和政府调控促进了邻近省份文化与旅游融合发展效率,但对本地省份的推动作用尚不显著,服务队伍抑制了本地省份文化与旅游融合发展效率,但对邻近省份的溢出效应并不显著。

机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响

在全球范围内,机器人技术的迅猛发展正为旅游产业绿色发展转型提供新的动力.该文基于颠覆性创新理论,以2010—2019年中国省级旅游产业为研究对象,利用国际机器人联合会(IFR)数据,并结合超效率SBM模型和固定效应模型,对机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的影响进行了测量与分析.研究发现:1)机器人应用驱动了旅游产业绿色创新效率的提升,该结论在考虑内生性问题和进行稳健性检验时依然成立.2)机器人应用可以通过增强地区旅游业密集度和提高旅游行业竞争性两条路径,对旅游产业绿色创新效率产生正向作用.3)减少旅游业一般性人力资本可以强化机器人应用对绿色创新的促进作用.4)机器人应用对旅游产业绿色创新效率的积极影响存在显著的区域异质性.该研究为理解中国旅游产业绿色创新效率的发展提供了新视角,也对于合理利用机器人以提升旅游产业的绿色创新效率提供了实证依据和策略建议.

中国科技创新对旅游经济效率的空间溢出效应

运用改进熵值法和Bootstrap-DEA模型对2001—2019年中国30个省域的科技创新水平及旅游经济效率进行测算,利用空间自相关分析法考察科技创新与旅游经济效率的空间集聚特征,最后借助空间面板杜宾模型探究科技创新对旅游经济效率的影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明:①研究期内全国及四大地区科技创新水平增长势头强劲,增速形成“中部>东部>西部>东北”的空间格局,区域科技创新发展差异较大;30个省域旅游经济效率明显改善,增速呈现“东北>中部>西部>东部”的分布特征。②科技创新和旅游经济效率全局和局部空间关联性明显,并且主要表现为高高和低低的空间集聚模式;科技创新对本地旅游经济效率改善作用明显,但会通过“虹吸效应”和“屏蔽效应”抑制邻近省域旅游经济效率提升。③在科技创新能力增强过程中,经济发展水平、城镇化、产业结构升级、对外开放等要素是推动旅游经济效率提升的重要力量,旅游资源禀赋对旅游经济效率正向外溢效应显著,经济发展水平和城镇化的负向空间效应明显。

安徽省旅游效率和旅游竞争力的耦合协调演化及影响因素——基于DEA-Tobit模型的分析

通过构建旅游效率与旅游竞争力综合评价指标体系,以安徽省16市为案例地,采用DEA模型、熵值法、耦合协调模型分析安徽省2011—2019年各市旅游效率系统与旅游竞争力系统的耦合协调关系,运用Tobit模型定量识别其影响因素。结果表明:安徽省旅游效率整体水平较高,在空间格局上呈现稳定性和规律性的演化特征;安徽省旅游竞争力水平整体上不断提升,呈现由双核主导(合肥市、黄山市)向单核极化(合肥市)演变的格局特征;安徽省旅游综合效率系统和旅游竞争力系统的耦合协调时序演化较为稳定,空间差异较大;产业结构水平、市场规模、对外开放程度、旅游产业专业化程度对旅游效率和旅游竞争力系统的耦合协调发展起正向促进作用,而城市化水平、信息化水平反向抑制其协调发展。

陕西省旅游生态效率的时空差异及影响因素

旅游生态效率提升有利于推进“双碳”目标的实现。文章以陕西省为研究对象,采用Super-SBM模型、GML指数和Tobit回归模型研究2013-2022年陕西省旅游生态效率的时空演变及影响因素。结果表明:(1)随着生态文明建设和文旅融合发展的不断推进,2013-2019年陕西省的旅游生态效率整体持续增长;2019年后,受疫情影响,陕西省的旅游生态效率有所下降。分地区看,旅游生态效率由高至低依次为关中平原区、陕南秦巴山区、陕北黄土高原区。(2)研究期间,陕西省各地级市的旅游生态效率GML指数呈上下波动态势,指数分解表明技术进步有利于旅游生态效率提升、技术效率提高阻碍旅游生态效率提升。(3)旅游经济规模扩大、经济发展水平提高和区域产业结构升级对旅游生态效率提升具有正向影响;技术创新水平提高对旅游生态效率提升具有负向影响;基础设施建设完善对旅游生态效率提升影响较弱。最后,结合陕西省旅游业的发展情况,文章给出了提高旅游生态效率的若干建议。

产学研主体创新效率及其对旅游业绩效的影响:省域分析

基于产学研协同创新视角,以省域为空间单元,测算并比较产学研三大主体的旅游创新投入产出效率及空间特征,并进一步分析创新效率对旅游产业绩效的影响。选择旅游企业、高校及科研机构为旅游创新主体的代表,采用DEA模型和灰色关联方法对3个不同时段的投入产出数据进行分析。结果表明:各省份三大主体的旅游创新效率值总体偏低,并呈现出“一带一路”沿线,“东南-西北”和东部沿海地区等省份创新效率值较高的空间格局;三大主体旅游创新效率的协调度不高,部分省份达到高平衡状态;三大主体的旅游创新效率均与省域旅游产业绩效存在显著相关性。相关结果有助于理解区域旅游创新的结构和过程,为我国旅游创新资源的合理分配提供参考。

数字赋能提升城市旅游绩效机制初探

数字赋能对中国旅游业实现高质量发展起到关键作用。在理论分析数字赋能对旅游业价值重塑与价值创造基础上,本文使用我国城市面板数据,实证检验数字赋能城市旅游绩效的文化赋能、景区赋能和生态赋能机制。研究发现:(1)数字赋能显著提升了城市旅游绩效,并且结果在剔除可能的极端值,变换估计方法下依旧显著;(2)机制检验结果表明数字赋能通过激发以非物质文化遗产为代表的文化资源经济价值、加强以5A级景区为代表的景区资源优势、提升以生态效率为代表的生态价值转换方式促进城市旅游绩效提升;(3)区域异质性的考察发现,中部和西部地区以文化赋能和景区赋能为主,生态赋能的作用在东部和西部地区更为突出。基于上述发现,本文提出加快旅游产业数字化转型、推动非物质文化遗产数字化传播、推进旅游景区数字化改造、利用数字技术扩大优质生态产品供给、充分发挥东中西地区优势等建议。

旅游效率与交通可达性时空演化特征及耦合协调度测算研究以陕西省为例

区域交通可达性的增强对增加旅游人数、刺激旅游消费、提高旅游效率有着正向作用,研究二者之间的相关性对充分释放生产力、提高旅游供给品质具有重要价值。以陕西省为例,对2012—2019年旅游效率及交通可达性的时空演化特征进行分析,并对其耦合协调度进行测算。结果表明:①2012—2019年陕西省总体的旅游效率有所上升,但多个城市的旅游效率都呈现先升后降趋势;②2012—2019年陕西省交通可达性均有了大幅提升,且区域之间的差距有所减小;③陕西省的交通可达性除西安市作为省会有较高的可达性以及对周边地区具有的辐射作用外,总体呈现南北强、东西弱的特点;④陕西省各区域旅游效率与交通可达性的耦合协调水平较高,除商洛市外其他区域都达到了中级协调及以上状态。

共同富裕视阈下旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率研究——以陕西秦巴山片区为例

紧密契合新发展阶段推进共同富裕的战略目标,以陕西秦巴山片区为例,运用三阶段DEA-Malmquist指数模型、地理探测器等方法对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率进行测度,明确其演变特征,识别影响因素及其交互作用。结果表明:(1)陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的综合效率总体处于中等水平,各县域效率存在明显的区域异质性;(2)2016—2021年陕西秦巴山片区旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率整体呈波动上升趋势,通过旅游发展来带动县域脱贫振兴还存在较大的提升空间;(3)交通、人均财政支出、人均地区生产总值等因素及其交互作用对旅游发展助推县域脱贫振兴的效率存在显著影响。最后,从合理配置旅游投入产出要素、构建旅游共享发展新格局、改善基础设施及旅游产业经济基础等方面提出了策略建议。

基于DEA模型的西藏林芝乡村旅游发展效率分析

近年来,乡村旅游产业成为推动西藏林芝市乡村振兴的重要手段,通过加强基础设施建设、提升乡村旅游服务设施、家庭旅馆的建立以及农牧民旅游就业培训等方式提升林芝市乡村旅游经济。本文选用DEA模型的方法,以2017-2021年期间林芝市乡村旅游发展为研究对象,对林芝市乡村旅游产业效率进行实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)2017、2018以及2020年林芝市乡村旅游发展综合效率和规模效率均小于1,出现投入冗余与产出不足,2020年技术效率小于1、其他年份均等于1,2019和2021年规模效率以及综合效率都等于1呈DEA强有效;(2)2017-2021年林芝市乡村旅游发展效率处于动荡上升趋势,动荡年份为2020年,其他年份呈逐步趋于良好发展状态,林芝市乡村旅游发展模式值得其他地市借鉴。

丝绸之路经济带旅游生态效率的时空演变及影响因素研究

以丝绸之路经济带沿线9个省份为研究对象,基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型和ML指数,对研究区域的旅游生态效率和全要素生产率进行测度,同时采用ArcGIS空间分析方法对旅游生态效率空间分布特征进行分析,并利用地理探测器对旅游生态效率的驱动因素进行分析。结果表明:丝绸之路经济带旅游生态效率总体呈上升趋势,对综合效率贡献最大的是纯技术效率;整体ML指数大于1,呈“中间高两边低”的分布特征;旅游生态效率空间分异特征明显,西南四省和西北五省差异较大;丝绸之路经济带旅游生态效率的影响因素存在显著差异。基于研究结果,提出以下建议:重视区域差异,加强省份之间的合作;提升生态文明意识,倡导低碳环保的绿色旅游发展模式;加快旅游产业结构升级,实现资源的合理配置;提高文化自信,开发多元化文化旅游线路。

长江经济带旅游生态韧性与效率协同效应及空间特征分析

韧性与效率是可持续发展的两个核心议题,促进旅游生态韧性与效率深度协同,是长江经济带旅游业高质量发展与生态文明建设的应有之义。文章以2010—2019年长江经济带11个省(市)为研究对象,在构建旅游生态韧性与效率评价指标体系并测度其水平的基础上,运用哈肯模型探究二者的协同效应,并分析其动态演化态势及空间分布特征,结果表明:(1)研究期内,长江经济带整体旅游生态效率水平较高,是主导协同演化的序参量,区域旅游生态韧性有待提升。东部地区属于旅游生态韧性与效率“双高”地区,但下滑趋势明显;西部地区旅游生态韧性与效率均有显著提升;中部地区属于旅游生态韧性与效率“洼地”。(2)长江经济带旅游生态韧性与效率整体协同水平呈现向优质协同发展的趋势。江苏省、上海市、贵州省、四川省属于优质协同区域;湖北省、湖南省、安徽省属于系统失调区域。(3)随时间推移,优质协同地区对周边地区的虹吸效应在降低,区域协同水平呈现出“东部>西部>中部”到“东、西双核突出”再到“西部超越”的空间演化格局。(4)旅游生态韧性与效率存在复杂的竞合关系,三大地区也面临不同的协同困境,其中,东部地区旅游发展新动能不足,中部地区旅游生态系统存在低水平趋同式发展的困境,西部地区需解决旅游业内部发展差距大的弊端。

提标提效背景下呼伦贝尔市国家级乡村旅游重点村高质量发展研究

2020年以来,呼伦贝尔市着力打造一批具有本地区自然生态特色和文化特色的乡村旅游重点村,推动绿色高质量发展的同时,营造美丽和谐的乡村风光,多元融合提标提效。文章以呼伦贝尔市文旅产业提标提效发展为着力点,以呼伦贝尔市国家级乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,结合各重点村乡村旅游发展特点提出高质量发展建议。