The Evolution of Urban and Rural Construction Land Based on Spatial Econometrics:A Case Study of Bijie City

Based on the theory of spatial econometrics,we test and process the urban and rural construction land data during the base period of planning and late period of planning in Bijie City.And we conduct comparative analysis of the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban and rural construction land in 41 towns of Bijie City before and after the planning.According to Getis-ord G i coefficient test results,the cold spot area of urban and rural construction land in northeast of Bijie City will gradually disappear,and the key point of hot spot area will be gradually transferred from the central region to the central and eastern regions.The results show that under the guidance of the overall land use planning in Bijie City,the urban and rural construction land will show strong spatial autocorrelation;agglomeration benefits and scale merit will appear clearly,in line with the actual situation of current development of Bijie City.

Study of Urban and Rural Construction Land Change Based on Small Scale in Dafang

This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".

Discussion on Mode of Key Link in Increase and Decrease Connection of Urban and Rural Construction Land

With the methods of qualitative analysis, induction and deduction, modes of key links in increase and decrease connection of urban and rural construction land are proposed in view of the involved three key links, namely reclamation of rural construction land, fund raising and management of connection turnover index, based on the comprehensive analysis of political connotation in increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. The modes include "village relocation and combination", "hollow village" reconstruction, high-rise stereo, village relocation in the mountain and related capital raising and turnover index management and the applicable regions of various modes are analyzed and studied. The research result provides reference for the reasonable operation of increase and decrease link of urban and rural construction land.

Promoting Poverty Alleviation through the Project of Linkage of Urban Construction Land Increase with Rural Construction Land Decrease——A Case Study of Binchuan County in Yunnan Province

The policy of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease is an important task for poverty alleviation. It not only promotes the intensive use of land and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,but also plays an essential role in poverty alleviation development and the relocation of poverty alleviation. It provides a strong guarantee for winning the project of poverty alleviation. Taking the project of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County in Yunnan Province,combined with the current situation of poverty alleviation and relocation in Binchuan County,the implementation of related policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease,and path of relocation poverty alleviation,this paper introduced problems in the implementation of policies of linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease in Binchuan County,and came up with recommendations for the project of poverty alleviation through linkage of urban construction land increase with rural construction land decrease.

Study on the Construction of China's Unified Urban-rural Construction Land Market

State-owned urban construction land market in China has evolved and been improved gradually, but use system of rural collective construction land has lagged far behind, so the urban-rural construction land market in China has been split with a result that use effi ciency of land resources is poor and collective land property rights of peasants are damaged. On the basis of analyzing problems of the current construction land market and also the causes, modern land property theory and institutional change of neoinstitutional economics are applied to study dynamical mechanism and development path of the construction land market, to construct the unifi ed construction land market system of China, and to propose corresponding guarantee policies, so as to achieve the effective allocation of construction land and maximization of social welfare.

Model and Strategy of Urban and Rural Construction Land Market Integration

At present,one of the important contents of China s rural land system reform is to build a unified construction land market in urban and rural areas.The unified construction land market in urban and rural areas will produce higher economic and social benefits.It is imperative to promote the integration of urban and rural construction land market to improve the income of farmers,invigorate the stock of rural collective construction land and improve the efficiency of land use.This paper analyzes the current situation of urban and rural construction land market,the two models and typical cases of urban and rural construction land market integration,the restrictive factors and practical difficulties of urban and rural construction land market integration,and puts forward some suggestions and measures.This provides a theoretical basis for accelerating the integration of urban and rural construction land market,and hopes to provide a certain reference for the integration of urban and rural construction land market.

Spatio-temporal analysis of land-use conversion in the eastern coastal China during 1996-2005

Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion.

Reflections and Explorations on the Decremented Regulation of Construction Land in the New Beijing City Master Planning

Construction land use has always been a key point for the planning department to practice national transformation strategy. In the new round of compilation of Beijing City Master Plan, the management of construction land use is under the rigid restriction of the bearing capacity of resources and the environment. Setting the upper-limit of the population size, a general strategy of decremented development of urban-rural construction land has been put forward, in order to realize a transition from quantitative expansion planning to qualitative upgrading planning. By "decremented development," "decremented" means a more rigid bottom-line restriction, and "development" means a more scientific allocation of resources. From the master planning level, the new Beijing City Master Plan establishes a comprehensive control framework and restrictive index system from perspectives including land use scale, construction scale, space boundary, urban and rural structure, land use structure, and cross-boundary collaboration; and in practice, it promotes strict management methods by setting up a dismantle-construction land ratio, dismantle-construction building area ratio, employment and residence land ratio, and "two lines and three districts," which is an exploration on the planning management method of construction land use that is stock-based and decremented master planning. Considering that decremented development is a major reform and a special challenge to planning implementation, the Beijing City Master Plan carries out explorations in terms of the planning management method, land policy, jurisdiction division, assessment and supervision, etc.

MapGIS与Rural相结合在城市土地报建中的应用

土地分类在土地使用报建中早已成为必须提交的资料 ,而土地分类的精度与准确度不仅关系到用户的切身利益 ,更关系到国家在土地的宏观利用中的正确决策 ,有感于此 ,作者结合自己在日常利用MapGIS与Rural进行土地详查统计与土地报建工作中所积累的经验 ,提出利用MapGIS图形裁剪功能从1:10 0 0 0的详查图图斑文件中裁出所需的部分 ,经过一定的处理 ,然后在Rural中建立一个工程 ,从而可准确的统计出所裁部分的土地分类。

城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与城乡收入差距

在空间均衡视角下,建立理论模型分析城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距的影响,并通过实证分析进行政策评估的结果表明:增减挂钩政策能够提高城乡居民人均收入,但是对城市居民人均收入提高幅度更多,从而加大城乡收入差距。如果配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策,在提高城乡居民人均收入的同时,这种综合性改革能够促使农村人均收入提高幅度更大,进而缩小城乡收入差距。随后,基于2000—2016年省级面板数据,采用逐期双重差分法与合成控制法分别评估城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策与配套实施农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策对城乡收入差距影响的实证结果发现:自2006年实施增减挂钩政策后,增减挂钩试点省份的城乡收入差距均值提升0.125,达到2.820;自2008年实施配套农村生产率提升的增减挂钩政策后,重庆市的城乡收入差距均值下降0.261,达到3.043。基于此,在城乡融合背景下,我们应建立健全城乡统一建设用地市场制度。

走向一体化的城乡土地市场:制度变迁与动态效率

建设全国统一大市场必须优化土地要素市场化配置,土地要素市场化配置是推动实体经济发展的基础支撑,是深化供给侧结构性改革的内在要求,是促进城乡区域协调发展的客观需要。本文研究我国城乡土地市场一体化改革的效率问题,并从制度变迁视角考察其内在逻辑及特征,通过构建土地经济的世代交叠基准模型,提出动态有效率的充分条件,并根据我国城乡土地市场的实际情况,对上述基准模型的假设条件进行调整,分别论证市场分割及一体化制度下各经济部门的动态效率,然后运用诺思的制度变迁理论,对我国城乡土地市场从市场分割到一体化改革的路径、渐进性及经济绩效予以阐释。本文认为市场分割的城乡土地经济均是动态无效率的,市场一体化的土地经济则是动态有效率的,促进制度变迁的根本原因是相对价格的变化。因此,建立城乡统一的建设用地市场有助于提升经济效率,该制度变迁具有渐进性及路径依赖性特点。

劳动力流动能够影响农地资源配置效率吗?——来自全国农村固定观察点调查的证据

农地资源配置效率直接关系到现代化农业强国目标的实现,劳动力流动在其中发挥着重要影响。基于2009—2015年全国农村固定观察点数据,运用工具变量法识别劳动力流动对农地资源配置效率的影响。结果表明,劳动力流动能提高农地资源配置效率,这主要来源于土地过度配置时农户劳动力流动,而土地配置不足时这一效应消失。机制检验证实,劳动力流动通过土地流转和农业机械化机制,提高农地资源配置效率,但未发现资本回流机制发挥作用。因此,应破除劳动力流动的体制障碍,完善土地经营权流转服务体系和加快农机装备的推广应用,以优化农村土地资源配置和推进农业现代化发展。

集体经营性建设用地入市制度的实施与司法应对

落实和实施集体经营性建设用地入市制度对于构建城乡统一的建设用地市场意义重大。现行法虽然为集体经营性建设用地入市提供了许多实体、程序规则,但存在规范不衔接乃至规范冲突等问题,为此,须从司法裁判视角确定各类相关规则的规范功能和规范要求。具言之,在司法审查过程中,集体经营性建设用地应采用“集体土地所有权依法登记且入市地块符合现行有效的国土空间规划”标准进行认定,集体经营性建设用地入市的决策应遵循“全体具有完全民事行为能力的成员三分之二以上参加并同意”规则,集体经营性建设用地入市合同应认定为民事合同,集体经营性建设用地入市监管协议的法律性质应认定为行政协议。围绕集体经营性建设用地入市合同和监管协议产生的纠纷应当分别通过民事诉讼和行政诉讼程序加以解决。

集体建设用地入市对县域市场活力的影响研究:基于企业进入视角

研究目的:基于企业进入视角,关注推进城乡统一建设用地市场建设的作用效果,系统考察集体建设用地入市改革对县域市场活力的影响。研究方法:将工商企业注册和土地出让微观数据集与县域经济数据结合,基于因果推断的反事实框架,使用多期双重差分方法进行政策效果检验并进行机制分析。研究结果:(1)集体建设用地入市显著提升了县域市场活力,该结论通过了一系列的稳健性检验;(2)改革通过作用于供地规模与供地价格,对政府规制产生了弱化效应,推动了土地要素市场化配置,对工业与商住用地价格偏移具有矫正效应;(3)政策在一定程度上提升了土地的产出效率,形成效能提升,增强市场活力。研究结论:深化土地要素的市场化配置,进一步扩大集体经营性建设用地入市改革范围,完善集体土地入市流程和市场化交易机制,增强土地要素市场提振县域市场活力的支撑作用。

城市建设用地效率评价与用地分配优化策略——基于中国2 165个市辖区、县级市和县的实证分析

为弥补用地效率研究缺乏全域评估、存在概念混淆、难以指导实务等不足,本文以中国31个省、自治区、直辖市的2165个市辖区、县级市、县为分析单元,采用SBM-undesirable模型计算各区市县城市建设用地利用效率,量化用地效率与供应的匹配程度和匹配类型,以为指标分配提供依据。中国城市建设用地效率整体偏低,保守估计,近七成区市县拥有冗余用地;若要达到最优效率,全国可削减冗余城市建设用地2.45万km^(2)。人口规模、行政等级与用地效率呈U型关系,人均GDP对用地效率具有边际递减的正向影响。中国城市面临用地利用效率与用地供应速率的空间错配问题,应根据两者匹配关系分类施策,对“效率不足-供应过剩型”和“效率较高-供应不足型”区市县的计划及周转指标分别给予压缩和调增,以实现总量稳定、效率提升、刚弹结合、动态调整的用地指标分配优化目标。

生产要素下乡的障碍性因素及破解之策——基于S县J农业项目的调查研究

城乡要素的双向有序流动是在我国实施乡村振兴的战略背景之下,实现城乡融合发展的关键支撑,而城乡融合则是建立在生产要素双向自由流动的基础之上的,但是当前我国的城乡要素却只呈现出由乡村向城市的单向流动,从城市向乡村的流动还存在着障碍。为了深入研究生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文采取案例分析法,通过对S县J农业项目落地过程的考察和分析,研究发现阻碍生产要素下乡的主要障碍性因素为:由于在我国现行的农村土地制度、政策、运行机制之中均存在着与现代农业及乡村旅游业发展不相适应的成分,因而由此引发的农用地供地障碍和农村集体经营性建设用地供地障碍。为了破解生产要素下乡的障碍性因素,本文提出如下建议:1)我国应以土地确权为基础,积极开展对农用地经营权的股份化改革,从而可以将农用地经营权“化零为整”集中管理,最终以达到解决农用地规模化流转困难的目的。2)我国应通过重新研究制定乡镇的行政区划标准,来进行相应的调整改革,从而以打破土地流转的行政壁垒。3)我国应对农村集体经营性建设用地的空间置换机制进行深入改革,并完善相应的土地入市机制,从而可以将农村分散、闲置的集体经营性建设用地整合利用,并可以为生产要素下乡提供足够的空间载体。4)我国应优化农村集体建设用地的空间布局,促使其可以充分发挥出集聚产业要素、保障社会服务、促进文化发展等诸多功能,进而以形成主城区与区域中心镇相结合的空间格局,并可以为生产要素下乡提供畅通的渠道。

高质量发展视角下的安徽省城市建设用地利用效率时空演变分析

为了研究安徽省城市建设用地利用效率在我国高质量发展视角下的时空演变情况,本文通过构建城市建设用地利用效率评价体系,并选取2006—2020年安徽省相关指标数据,运用三阶段DEA模型,把产业结构协调、技术进步协调、内外发展协调均纳入进环境因素,借此从时空2个维度对安徽省城市建设用地利用效率进行定量分析,并对安徽省非DEA有效设区市的城市建设用地投入及其产出指标进行投影分析。研究结果表明:1)从时间维度上看,2006—2020年安徽省的城市建设用地利用效率均处于较高水平,但上升趋势逐渐减缓,该省Malmquist全要素生产率变化指数的均值为1.023,技术进步是提升安徽省城市建设用地利用效率的主要驱动力量。2)从空间维度上看,安徽省城市建设用地高水平利用效率的空间分布主要沿着西北—东南城市带(淮北-淮南-合肥-铜陵)与西南-东北城市带(六安-滁州)大致成十字状对称布局,并且随着时间的推移,安徽省城市建设用地高水平利用效率还会沿着西北—东南、西南-东北2条轴线呈十字状向外扩散,其中在皖北地区主要以淮北、淮南2座资源型城市为核心向周边扩张,在皖南与江淮地区主要以芜湖、合肥2座交通枢纽城市为核心向周边扩张。3)通过冗余分析发现,安徽省城市建设用地利用效率主要受到城市产业协调发展和绿色协调发展的影响。在投入方面,城市第二、第三产业从业人数冗余是制约着安徽省城市建设用地利用效率提升的主要因素;在产出方面,安徽省各设区市的产业结构不合理、生态产出不足,以及资源配置不当等问题也均是制约着安徽省城市建设用地利用效率提升的重要因素。

江苏省城市韧性与土地利用效率耦合协调时空演化及影响因素研究

基于2005—2020年江苏省市级面板数据,运用熵值法和SFA模型分别测算出城市韧性与土地利用效率,并借助耦合协调模型和脱钩模型对二者关系进行量化,最后借助Tobit模型对二者协调发展的驱动因素进行挖掘。结果表明:城市韧性、土地利用效率以及二者间耦合协调水平呈增长式发展,但增速均在逐渐减缓,且在空间格局演变上整体表现为“南高北低”分布;城市韧性与土地利用效率耦合状况良好,属于高水平耦合,整体协调度均值为0.67,属于“基本协调—初级协调”状态,且逐渐以中级协调类型城市为主;城市韧性与土地利用效率的脱钩类型以扩张负脱钩为主,未实现协同增进,多以土地利用效率增速相对滞后型发展,存在退耦风险;从江苏省整体尺度看,政府干预、人口密度、产业结构和科技投入对协调发展具有明显促进作用,而财政压力具有抑制作用。从三大区域尺度看,人口密度、产业结构和科技投入能够显著促进协调发展,其余要素均表现出区域异质性特征。城市科学发展离不开“城市韧性与土地利用”双系统的良性协同联动增长,研究结果可为城市高质量建设与可持续发展提供一定的参考价值。

长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地减量策略研究

随着我国土地供需矛盾的日益突出,建设用地从“宽供给”逐渐走向“总量减量、盘活存量”发展的新阶段。基于长株潭城市群生态绿心地区乡村建设用地持续蔓延扩张,用地规模难以控制的问题,本文通过总结我国城乡建设用地政策演变与相关实践经验,以长株潭城市群生态绿心地区为例,深度剖析乡村建设用地减量发展面临的困境,并从规划编制体系、具体实施路径、政策创新三个方面提出减量化策略,即“完善规划编制,构建‘全链条’减量治理体系”、“精准识别减量区域,推进‘精细化’减量实施路径”、“创新减量政策,探索‘生态+减量’协同治理模式”,以期为我国跨区域城郊地区乡村空间治理提供参考。

城乡融合背景下村镇建设用地“扩张-消失”多情景模拟——以洛阳市为例

研究目的:从当前村镇建设用地“既拆又建”现象出发,聚焦城乡融合背景下村镇建设格局演变规律,以洛阳市为例,开展2020-2030年村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”多情景模拟研究,为大城市村镇建设用地差别化管理提供决策依据。研究方法:PLUS模型、形态学空间格局分析、多情景设定。研究结果:(1)区位条件因素在村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”中起基础性作用,距离耕地、高速公路的远近对扩张与消失变化的影响较大,贡献度均超过16%。(2)2020-2030年洛阳市村镇建设用地扩张与消失规模以及格局差异明显。在规模上“扩张”与“消失”面积比例约为2∶1;在格局上“扩张”斑块类型以边缘、支线及孤岛为主,“消失”斑块类型则以核心区和边缘占优。(3)4种情景下研究区村镇建设用地均表现为大规模零碎式扩张与小规模集中式收缩。其中,耕地保护情景中孤岛占比最少(9.93%),空间上连通性和整体性最优,未来应进一步充分考虑耕地保护情景。研究结论:亟需秉持村镇建设用地以优化存量换取增量的理念,均衡协调扩张和消失的规模、形态及其综合效益,针对主要驱动因素实施差别化管理,实施“一村一策”缓解村镇建设用地低效利用困境。