Fully-inorganic strontium incorporated CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells with promoted efficiency and stability

In the present investigation, we fabricated strontium (Sr2+) incorporated CsPbI2Br-based inorganic perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions. The morphology, crystallinity, absorption, elemental composition and photoluminescence analysis of the bare CsPbI2Br and CsPb1-xSrxI2Br perovskite thin films were studied systematically to investigate the role of Sr2+ incorporation. It is observed that the surface morphology of the CsPbI2Br perovskite thin film has been improved by partial substitution of Pb2+ by Sr2+ which facilitates photoactive black phase-stabilization and defect passivation. The champion device having CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br composition exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.61% which is much higher than the bare device (13.65%). Furthermore, our CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br-based devices maintain > 85% of its initial efficiency over 100 h in ambient conditions.

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of "INVENT" to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced.Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.

Shortened snRNA promoters for efficient CRISPR/Cas-based multiplex genome editing in monocot plants

Dear Editor,CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas genome editing is a powerful tool for introducing specific mutations in organisms including plants.The system is composed of a nuclease such as Cas9 or Cas12a and an engineered single-guide RNA(sgRNA)incorporating a target sequence(Li et al.,2019).A Cas9/sgRNA complex recognizes its target site in the genome,resulting in a mutation at that site.

Problems and Countermeasures of Circulation Enterprises in Major Public Health Incidents

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the circulation industry has entered the fast lane.The leading and fundamental position and role of circulation industry in the national economy are constantly highlighted.Circulation industry plays an important role in promoting the formation of a strong domestic market led by consumption and improving the effective supply required by the upgrading of people’s consumption.In particular,under the background of China’s efforts to enhance the role of consumption as a“ballast”in stabilizing economic growth and as the“first driving force”of economic growth,the main problems faced by the circulation enterprises in their transformation and upgrading are as follows:first,the operation quality and efficiency of the circulation industry need to be improved;second,the standardization degree of the current circulation industry is not high,which leads to the low efficiency of factor allocation;third,the concept and degree of information construction are still insuffi cient;fourth,the circulation industry is not modernized enough.In case of public health incidents,the circulation enterprises should adopt the following strategies:first,to ensure their own safety;second,to stabilize price and guarantee the supply of people’s livelihood;third,to vigorously develop smart retailing with new technologies;fourth,to develop O2O omnichannel strategy.