Two schemes（scheme Ⅰ and scheme Ⅱ）for designing a district cooling system（DCS）utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas（LNG）are presented.In scheme Ⅰ,LNG cold energy is used to produce ice,and then ice i...Two schemes（scheme Ⅰ and scheme Ⅱ）for designing a district cooling system（DCS）utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas（LNG）are presented.In scheme Ⅰ,LNG cold energy is used to produce ice,and then ice is transported to the central cooling plant of the DCS.In scheme Ⅱ,return water from the DCS is directly chilled by LNG cold energy,and the chilled water is then sent back to the central plant.The heat transportation loss is the main negative impact in the DCS and is emphatically analyzed when evaluating the efficiency of each scheme.The results show that the DCS utilizing LNG cold energy is feasible and valuable.The cooling supply distance of scheme Ⅱ is limited within 13 km while scheme Ⅰ has no distance limit.When the distance is between 6 and 13 km,scheme Ⅱ is more practical and effective.Contrarily,scheme Ⅰ has a better economic performance when the distance is shorter than 6 km or longer than 13 km.展开更多
为评价干旱区灌区的灌溉效率,该文以作物生长期灌溉地的蒸散发扣除降水量作为灌溉水的有效利用量,将灌溉水有效利用量与灌溉净引水量(总引水量减去退、排水量)的比值定义为灌溉水有效利用系数。利用遥感蒸散发模型可以较为准确地估算灌...为评价干旱区灌区的灌溉效率,该文以作物生长期灌溉地的蒸散发扣除降水量作为灌溉水的有效利用量,将灌溉水有效利用量与灌溉净引水量(总引水量减去退、排水量)的比值定义为灌溉水有效利用系数。利用遥感蒸散发模型可以较为准确地估算灌溉地蒸散发,从而可以避免传统灌溉水利用系数评估中难以准确估算通过灌溉到达作物根系层水量的问题。以河套灌区为研究对象,利用遥感蒸散发模型(surface energy balance algorithm for land,SEBAL)计算了区域内灌溉地作物生育期的蒸散发量,并结合降水量与净引水量的观测资料,对节水改造以来(2000-2010年)河套灌区灌溉水有效利用系数进行了分析和评价。结果表明,灌溉水有效利用系数近年来有增加趋势,同时灌溉水有效利用系数随降水量和净引水量的减小而增大,减少供水对灌溉水有效利用系数的影响要大于灌区节水改造工程的影响。另一方面,在灌区净引水量减少的情况下,灌溉地蒸发量能够维持在较稳定的水平,反映了近年来灌区节水改造的效果较好。展开更多
文摘Two schemes（scheme Ⅰ and scheme Ⅱ）for designing a district cooling system（DCS）utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas（LNG）are presented.In scheme Ⅰ,LNG cold energy is used to produce ice,and then ice is transported to the central cooling plant of the DCS.In scheme Ⅱ,return water from the DCS is directly chilled by LNG cold energy,and the chilled water is then sent back to the central plant.The heat transportation loss is the main negative impact in the DCS and is emphatically analyzed when evaluating the efficiency of each scheme.The results show that the DCS utilizing LNG cold energy is feasible and valuable.The cooling supply distance of scheme Ⅱ is limited within 13 km while scheme Ⅰ has no distance limit.When the distance is between 6 and 13 km,scheme Ⅱ is more practical and effective.Contrarily,scheme Ⅰ has a better economic performance when the distance is shorter than 6 km or longer than 13 km.
文摘为评价干旱区灌区的灌溉效率,该文以作物生长期灌溉地的蒸散发扣除降水量作为灌溉水的有效利用量,将灌溉水有效利用量与灌溉净引水量(总引水量减去退、排水量)的比值定义为灌溉水有效利用系数。利用遥感蒸散发模型可以较为准确地估算灌溉地蒸散发,从而可以避免传统灌溉水利用系数评估中难以准确估算通过灌溉到达作物根系层水量的问题。以河套灌区为研究对象,利用遥感蒸散发模型(surface energy balance algorithm for land,SEBAL)计算了区域内灌溉地作物生育期的蒸散发量,并结合降水量与净引水量的观测资料,对节水改造以来(2000-2010年)河套灌区灌溉水有效利用系数进行了分析和评价。结果表明,灌溉水有效利用系数近年来有增加趋势,同时灌溉水有效利用系数随降水量和净引水量的减小而增大,减少供水对灌溉水有效利用系数的影响要大于灌区节水改造工程的影响。另一方面,在灌区净引水量减少的情况下,灌溉地蒸发量能够维持在较稳定的水平,反映了近年来灌区节水改造的效果较好。
