Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Selection for Plant Growth Habit in Peanuts Using the USDA Public Data

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production is valued at $1.28 billion annually in the USA. Plant growth habit can be used to determine plant population density and cultivation practices a given farmer uses. Erect plants are generally more compact and can be more densely planted unlike plants with more prostrate growth. The objectives of this study were to analyze publicly available datasets to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with plant growth habit in peanuts and to conduct genomic selection. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to identify SNPs for growth habit type among 775 USDA peanut accessions. A total of 13,306 SNPs were used to conduct GWAS using five statistical models. The models used were single-marker regression, generalized linear model (PCA), generalized linear model (Q), mixed linear model (PCA), and mixed linear model (Q) and a total of 181, 1, 108, 1, and 10 SNPs were found associated with growth habit respectively. Based on this dataset, results showed that genomic selection can achieve up to 61% accuracy, depending on the training population size being used for the prediction. SNP AX-176821681 was found in all models. Gene ontology for this location shows an annotated gene, Araip.0F3YM, found 2485 bp upstream of this SNP and encodes for a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying molecular markers linked to plant growth habit type in peanuts. This finding suggests that a molecular marker can be developed to identify specific plant growth habits in peanuts, enabling early generation selection by peanut breeders.

The impact of perception bias for cardiovascular disease risk on physical activity and dietary habits

Objective:Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains a significant public health challenge in China.Accurateperception of individual CVD risk is crucial for timely intervention and preventive strategies.This studyaimed to determine the alignment between CVD risk perception levels and objectively calculated CVDrisk levels,then investigate the disparity in physical activity and healthy diet habits among distinct CVDrisk perception categories.Methods:From March to August 2022,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Zhejiang Province usingconvenience sampling.Participants aged between 20 and 80 years,without prior diagnosis of CVD wereincluded.CVD risk perception was evaluated with the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs aboutCardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Questionnaire,while objective CVD risk was assessed through thePrediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk(China-PAR)model.Participants’demographicinformation,self-reported physical activity,and healthy diet score were also collected.Results:A total of 739 participants were included in the final analysis.Less than a third of participants(29.2%)accurately perceived their CVD risk,while 64.5%over-perceived it and 6.2%under-perceived it.Notably,half of the individuals(50.0%)with high CVD risk under-perceived their actual risk.Compared tothe accurate perception group,individuals aged 60e80 years old(OR=6.569),currently drinking(OR=3.059),and with hypertension(OR=2.352)were more likely to under-perceive their CVD risk.Meanwhile,participants aged 40-<60 years old(OR=2.462)and employed(OR=2.352)were morelikely to over-perceive their risk.The proportion of individuals engaging in physical activity was lowest inthe under-perception group,although the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.556,P=0.278).In addition,the proportion of individuals practicing healthy diet habitswas also lowest in the under-perception group,and a significant statistical difference was observedamong the three groups(χ^(2)=10.310,P=0.006).Conclusion:Only a small proportion of participants accurately perceived their CVD risk,especially amongthose with high actual CVD risk.Individuals in the under-perceived CVD risk group exhibited the lowestrates of physical activity engagement and healthy diet adherence.Healthcare professionals should prioritize implementing personalized CVD risk communication strategies tailored to specific subgroups toenhance the accuracy of risk perception.

Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.

Impact of Exercise Atmosphere on Adolescents’Exercise Behavior:Chain Mediating Effect of Exercise Identity and Exercise Habit

Appropriate physical exercise has a positive impact on adolescents’physical and mental health,but there is a serious lack of physical exercise among Chinese adolescents.How to shape their exercise behavior(EB)has become an important task in promoting their development.A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling on three middle schools by class in Zhejiang Province,China to investigate the impact of exercise atmosphere(EA)on adolescents’exercise behavior and the mediating role of exercise identity(EI)and exercise habit(EH).806 adolescents were investigated by the Exercise Atmosphere Scale(EAS),Exercise-Identity Scale(EIS),Self-Report Habit Index(SRHI),and Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3).The results show that:There is a significant positive correlation between each two of exercise atmosphere,exercise identity,exercise habit,and exercise behavior(p<0.05).Exercise atmosphere could not only directly affect adolescents’physical exercise behavior but can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior through the mediating effect of exercise identity and exercise habit,involving three mediating pathways,namely,the mediating path through exercise identity,the mediating pathway through exercise habit and the chain mediating pathway through exercise identity and exercise habit.The direct effect of exercise atmosphere on exercise behavior was 0.459(p<0.01),accounting for 62.62% of the total effect of 0.733,and its indirect effect was 0.274,accounting for 37.28% of the total effect.To a certain extent,the mediating effect model reveals the mechanism of exercise atmosphere affecting exercise behavior and has a certain reference value for promoting adolescents’exercise behavior.We should start by creating an exercise atmosphere,cultivating exercise identity,and enhancing exercise habits to help teenagers form active physical exercise behaviors.

Habitable Land Will Soon Become the World’s Scarcest Resource: Why Appalachia Should Choose Climate Change Havens over Millionaire Estates and Golf Courses

This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the northern and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. We present an analogy to the earlier climate change period of the Last Glacial Maximum/“Ice Age” in which these same northern regions of the planet were covered in ice sheets making them uninhabitable for most humans and many plant and animal species. In some significant ways, the Ice Age scenario can be a reverse-model for our current climate crisis. We also advocate strongly for the prevention of upscale real estate development projects in these same regions of the globe, as these will foreclose the possibility of safely sheltering the millions of persons who will be displaced by climate change over the next 5 to 10 years.

Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal training on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome

BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and habit reversal training(HRT)have shown application potential in addressing tic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions.Despite their theoretical potential,empirical evidence on their combined efficacy remains limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CBT combined with HRT on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome(TS).METHODS Clinical data of children with TS admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were collected,and the patients were grouped into the conventional therapy(control)group and the CBT combined with HRT group.Baseline charac-teristics,anxiety scores,tic severity scores,treatment adherence,and parental satisfaction were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests,chi-square tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS A total of 136 patients,including 65 patients in the control group and 71 patients in the CBT combined with HRT group,were included.The CBT combined with HRT group showed remarkable improvements compared with the control group.Post-intervention assessment revealed a decrease in anxiety scores from 63.52±1.81 to 40.53±1.64(t=2.022,P=0.045),and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score decreased from 22.14±5.67 to 16.28±4.91(t=2.288,P=0.024).Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(85.47±7.62%)compared with the control group(82.32±6.54%;t=2.596,P=0.010).Parental satisfaction scores were also higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(8.69±1.77)compared with the control group(7.87±1.92;t=2.592,P=0.011).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CBT combined with HRT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and tic severity in children with TS,with higher treatment adherence and parental satisfaction.These findings support the potential application of this comprehensive therapeutic approach for TS treatment.

Slums: The Right for a City? Habitation and Habiting Practices in Slums of Constantine

The human being must find a dwelling and protect himself against the vicissitudes of nature.He has to adapt himself to the contemporary world and to his environment.Sometimes,he should accept unwittingly extreme situations dominated by inhabitability and as such abandon his plot of land and properties and to get into the city where he has to refuge into spaces that any human being enjoying a minimum of living conditions would not accept:the slum.For the time being,he does his best to make his environment enjoyable and to transfer his existence into something of a temporary happiness by trying to make order in these inhospitable places in order to create a sort of happiness that he is the only one who can measure its real impact.Throughout this essay,we are trying to present this human habitation that we often meet in Constantine.

A Brief Discussion on the Impact of New Social Media on College Students’Behavioral Habits and Guidance Strategies

The widespread popularity of new social media has a huge impact on college students’life,study,social behavior,and physical and mental health,and has also posed new challenges to the ideological and political education work in colleges and universities.By analyzing the impact of new social media on college students’behavioral habits,this paper explores and proposes strategies to guide college students to form correct new social media behavioral habits.

Irregular dietary habits as a predictor of stunting occurrence among children under 5 years of age:a literature review

Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

Research on the Influence of Family Education on Children’s Behavioral Habits

Under the background of the all-round deepening of quality education,the cultivation of comprehensive quality has become the main theme of contemporary education reform.Good behavior and habits are of great significance to children’s future learning,growth,and development.Through literature review and other methods,this paper analyzes the current situation of children’s family education and the influence of family education on the cultivation of children’s behavioral habits and provides some strategies for cultivating children’s good behavioral habits in family education.

Consumer Psychology in the Digital Age:How Online Environments Shape Purchasing Habits

The advent of the digital age has profoundly changed consumers’mindsets and habits.The rapid development of e-commerce and the widespread use of mobile applications have created enormous demand for individual recommendation systems based on mass data.This system not only increases the convenience of purchases and conversions but also alters the purchasing behavior of consumers,leading them to make choices subconsciously.Potential risks associated with large-scale data sharing and usage have heightened consumer concerns regarding privacy,thereby weakening the foundational trust in platforms and deterring them from shopping.Additionally,the rapid growth of e-commerce in the digital age,coupled with changing market circumstances,has intensified psychological pressure on consumers,making their decision-making processes more complex and difficult.Furthermore,the program will explore issues related to improving customer experience,developing individual marketing strategies,and designing customer loyalty plans.It will also address questions of privacy in a digital environment,the dilemmas of excessive or disruptive consumption behavior,and the complexity and diversity of consumer behavior in the face of digital change.The objective of this study is to develop a fear study that will enable a better understanding of the impact of online shopping on consumer behavior and provide a strategic guide for retailers to meet the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age.

Research on the Relationship between Elementary School Moral and Legal Education and the Formation of Students’Behavioral Habits

This study focuses on the practical effects of moral and legal education in elementary schools,examining its role in shaping students’behavioral habits and how optimizing educational methods and content can more effectively promote students’holistic development.The article systematically analyzes the goals,methods,and outcomes of moral and legal education,delving into the interaction mechanisms between education and behavioral habits.Additionally,it proposes further optimization strategies.This research not only deepens our understanding of the essence of moral and legal education but also provides valuable insights for policymakers,teachers,and parents.It aims to drive the reform and innovation of moral and legal education,ultimately enhancing the overall quality of students.

场域视角下高校创新创业教育的现实困境与路径优化

作为当代大学转型发展的新取向与教育教学的新内容,创新创业教育旨在基于学生个性培养更具开创性的社会建设人才。从场域的视角看,形成教育新惯习、建构行动者网络与实现主体同场共生是高校创新创业教育取得良好效果的必然要求。当前创新创业教育的实践中存在既有惯习挟持、专业壁垒掣肘、隔“场”喊话盛行等问题,阻碍了高校创新创业教育的发展。为此,需要全员行动,超越教育惯习同场域结构的消极互动关系,推动高校创新创业教育微观行为与宏观结构在中观场域的层面走向统合。具体路径是基于文化生态激活主体内生动力、基于组织生态贯通协同育人体系、基于管理生态优化环境保障机制。

民族记忆共同体何以可能?

从民族记忆的集体属性和公共属性来看,民族记忆共同体最根本的内容就是民族的集体记忆和集体遗忘。其中,文本共同体是民族记忆共同体得以构成的先行条件和基础路径。在记忆文本化的基础上,重复操演和惯习养成是民族记忆共同体构建的助力因素。民族集体作为一个整全性人格,必须经过仪式、身体和其他社会实践等各种方式重复操演民族的过去与传统,由此才能养成民族的文化惯习或文化无意识,推动民族记忆共同体最终形成,这也从另一个方面印证了集体记忆和集体遗忘的必然性及其对民族记忆共同体的重要作用。

习惯形成对农民工食物消费影响的实证分析:基于社会分层视角

目的:利用南京市外来务工人员调研数据,实证分析习惯形成对农民工各类食物消费的影响,并基于社会分层的视角,深入考察社会不同类别农民工各类食物消费的内外部习惯形成效应,进而识别习惯形成对农民工消费的综合影响。方法:在引入滞后一期消费支出的基础上,创新性引入童年时期消费习惯、进城前消费习惯作为代理变量,识别不同时期内部习惯的影响,同时引入农民工食物消费是否受到周围人的影响这一变量,识别外部习惯表现出的示范作用。结果:当引入滞后一期消费时,农民工食物消费支出表现出强内部习惯形成特征,且更多地体现在第二类、第三类农民工群体中;当引入童年时期和进城前消费习惯时,肉、蛋、奶、水果消费支出均表现出强内部习惯形成特征。第二类农民工的食物消费受到外部习惯影响是显著的,重点表现在奶和水果类消费;第一类农民工受外部习惯影响较小,第三类农民工食物消费与外部环境关系并不显著。结论:关注习惯形成和社会分层对农民工食物消费的影响,有助于针对性优化食物消费结构,为深化农业供给侧改革提供需求层面的科学指导。

Observation on Flowering Habit of Reverse Genic Sterile Rice FHS

[Objective] This study was to use reverse genic male sterile FHS better in field production. [Method] Low energy nitrogen ion beam was taken as a mutation source to conduct mutagenic treatment for indica rice 99-02 and the mutant FHS with special fertility that was isolated from their offspring. Some characteristics such as flowering habit and stigma exsertion rate of FHS were observed in this experiment. [Result] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had an obvious peak flowering stage from 10:00 to 10:30, while the second peak flowering was from August 5 to August 10. Compared with PA64S, FHS flowered early and its flowering time was concentrated, showing that it is for seed propagation. The stigma exsertion rate of FHS was 85.8% and low exsertion rate was good for the purity of seed. [Conclusion] The reverse genic sterile rice FHS had good value in use, besides, it could also be used as comparison material for studying fertility alternation mechanism of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.

Living Habits of Orient Fruit Fly in Taihu Area

[ Objective] The aim was to supply technical basis for developing quarantine and control techniques for orient fruit fly. [ Method] By utilizing facilities including rearing chamber and rearing cage, the population of orient fruit fly was established and sustained by using the methods of artificial feeding and fruit culture, and the continuous indoor biological observation was carried out. The isolated enclosure equipped with temperature and humidity recorder was established in Dongshan area of Taihu for cultivating various species of host plants, then the living habits of orient fruit fly were observed everyday. [ Result] Through feeding and observation in lab, the living habit of adult, larva, pupa and eggs of orient fruit fly were studied; the impact of soil depth on the emergence rate of pupa were conducted, and the result indicated that when the soil layer depth increased to 40 cm, there were still adults appeared and their emergence rate was 80%. The results of indoor trend test showed that the selectivity of orient fruit fly on fruits produced in Suzhou was sequenced from high to low as follows： tangerine, dates, pomegranate, peach, orange, pear and persimmon. While the sequence of fruit tree species were tangerine, dates, pomegranate, pears and persimmons according to damage rates of orient fruit fly from high to low under field isolation rearing conditions. In the local tangerine varieties, the damage rate from high to low were Dongting manda- rin, eady tangerine, Wen orange, Huangpi, Zaohong, Liaohong. [ Conclusion] Orient fruit fly artificial rearing facility was established, which laid the foundation for carrvina out bioloaical characteristics observation and biolooical exoeriments

Study on Biological Habits and Control of Scirothrips dorsalis Hood on Mangoes

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the biological habits of Scirothrips dorsalis Hood and methods for controlling this pest. [Method] From 2009 to 2011, the biological habits of Scirothrips dorsalis Hood and the regularity of its occurrence on mangoes were investigated at the experimental base of the Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shuanghongqiao Mango Orchard in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. In addition, a field trial on the effects of four medicaments on controlling this pest was also conducted. [Result] The result showed that Scirothrips dorsalis Hood completed 10-12 genera- tions per year in Baoshan area, and the peak period of its incidence was from February to April. The results of the pest control testing showed that at 0.05 level, there were significant differences of effect on pest controlling among the treatments I, II and IV, and the treatment III showed significant differences of controlling effect with the treatment IV, while no significant differences with either the treatment I or the treatment II; at 0.01 level, there was no significant difference among the treat- ments I, II and III, while all the three treatments showed significant differences with treatment IV. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the occurrence and the severity of Scirothrips dorsalis Hood on mangoes in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. In addition, pesticides with certain efficacy on controlling Scirothrips dorsalis Hood were screened, which provides more options for fruit growers to control this pest on mangoes.

Primary Observation of the Ecological Habits of Ferirana guadranus in Tianshui City of Gansu Province

The ecological nature of Ferirana guadranus in Liqiao Country of Tianshui City of Guansu Province from May to August in 2010 are primarily investigated.Research found that Ferirana guadranus lives in the mountain streams at an elevation of 1 332 m.The adult frog lives largely above an elevation of 1 320 m,where the water is neutral acid and shady.It belongs to the mountainous stream type.

劳动力回流能带动农村消费升级吗?——基于外出务工经历视角

从外出务工到返乡就业创业,农村劳动力就业模式正发生结构性变迁。基于外出务工经历视角,本文使用2014—2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,实证考察了劳动力回流对农村消费升级的影响。研究发现:第一,外出务工经历对农村回流劳动力消费水平和结构升级均具有显著正向影响;第二,外出务工经历对农村回流劳动力消费升级存在代际差异,主要对第一代回流劳动力消费升级具有显著促进作用,但对新生代影响不显著;第三,外出务工经历可通过内部和外部“习惯形成”两条路径促进消费升级;第四,农村劳动力回流对一般村民消费具有正向扩散效应。本文为优化农村居民消费政策提供了可能的新视角,且为农村劳动力回流对回流地经济发展的相关研究提供了有益补充。