Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Selection for Plant Growth Habit in Peanuts Using the USDA Public Data

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production is valued at $1.28 billion annually in the USA. Plant growth habit can be used to determine plant population density and cultivation practices a given farmer uses. Erect plants are generally more compact and can be more densely planted unlike plants with more prostrate growth. The objectives of this study were to analyze publicly available datasets to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with plant growth habit in peanuts and to conduct genomic selection. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to identify SNPs for growth habit type among 775 USDA peanut accessions. A total of 13,306 SNPs were used to conduct GWAS using five statistical models. The models used were single-marker regression, generalized linear model (PCA), generalized linear model (Q), mixed linear model (PCA), and mixed linear model (Q) and a total of 181, 1, 108, 1, and 10 SNPs were found associated with growth habit respectively. Based on this dataset, results showed that genomic selection can achieve up to 61% accuracy, depending on the training population size being used for the prediction. SNP AX-176821681 was found in all models. Gene ontology for this location shows an annotated gene, Araip.0F3YM, found 2485 bp upstream of this SNP and encodes for a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying molecular markers linked to plant growth habit type in peanuts. This finding suggests that a molecular marker can be developed to identify specific plant growth habits in peanuts, enabling early generation selection by peanut breeders.

Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.

Impact of Exercise Atmosphere on Adolescents’Exercise Behavior:Chain Mediating Effect of Exercise Identity and Exercise Habit

Appropriate physical exercise has a positive impact on adolescents’physical and mental health,but there is a serious lack of physical exercise among Chinese adolescents.How to shape their exercise behavior(EB)has become an important task in promoting their development.A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified cluster random sampling on three middle schools by class in Zhejiang Province,China to investigate the impact of exercise atmosphere(EA)on adolescents’exercise behavior and the mediating role of exercise identity(EI)and exercise habit(EH).806 adolescents were investigated by the Exercise Atmosphere Scale(EAS),Exercise-Identity Scale(EIS),Self-Report Habit Index(SRHI),and Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3).The results show that:There is a significant positive correlation between each two of exercise atmosphere,exercise identity,exercise habit,and exercise behavior(p<0.05).Exercise atmosphere could not only directly affect adolescents’physical exercise behavior but can also indirectly affect their physical exercise behavior through the mediating effect of exercise identity and exercise habit,involving three mediating pathways,namely,the mediating path through exercise identity,the mediating pathway through exercise habit and the chain mediating pathway through exercise identity and exercise habit.The direct effect of exercise atmosphere on exercise behavior was 0.459(p<0.01),accounting for 62.62% of the total effect of 0.733,and its indirect effect was 0.274,accounting for 37.28% of the total effect.To a certain extent,the mediating effect model reveals the mechanism of exercise atmosphere affecting exercise behavior and has a certain reference value for promoting adolescents’exercise behavior.We should start by creating an exercise atmosphere,cultivating exercise identity,and enhancing exercise habits to help teenagers form active physical exercise behaviors.

Habitable Land Will Soon Become the World’s Scarcest Resource: Why Appalachia Should Choose Climate Change Havens over Millionaire Estates and Golf Courses

This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the northern and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. We present an analogy to the earlier climate change period of the Last Glacial Maximum/“Ice Age” in which these same northern regions of the planet were covered in ice sheets making them uninhabitable for most humans and many plant and animal species. In some significant ways, the Ice Age scenario can be a reverse-model for our current climate crisis. We also advocate strongly for the prevention of upscale real estate development projects in these same regions of the globe, as these will foreclose the possibility of safely sheltering the millions of persons who will be displaced by climate change over the next 5 to 10 years.

Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal training on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome

BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and habit reversal training(HRT)have shown application potential in addressing tic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions.Despite their theoretical potential,empirical evidence on their combined efficacy remains limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CBT combined with HRT on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome(TS).METHODS Clinical data of children with TS admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were collected,and the patients were grouped into the conventional therapy(control)group and the CBT combined with HRT group.Baseline charac-teristics,anxiety scores,tic severity scores,treatment adherence,and parental satisfaction were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests,chi-square tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS A total of 136 patients,including 65 patients in the control group and 71 patients in the CBT combined with HRT group,were included.The CBT combined with HRT group showed remarkable improvements compared with the control group.Post-intervention assessment revealed a decrease in anxiety scores from 63.52±1.81 to 40.53±1.64(t=2.022,P=0.045),and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score decreased from 22.14±5.67 to 16.28±4.91(t=2.288,P=0.024).Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(85.47±7.62%)compared with the control group(82.32±6.54%;t=2.596,P=0.010).Parental satisfaction scores were also higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(8.69±1.77)compared with the control group(7.87±1.92;t=2.592,P=0.011).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CBT combined with HRT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and tic severity in children with TS,with higher treatment adherence and parental satisfaction.These findings support the potential application of this comprehensive therapeutic approach for TS treatment.

Irregular dietary habits as a predictor of stunting occurrence among children under 5 years of age:a literature review

Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

Research on the Influence of Family Education on Children’s Behavioral Habits

Under the background of the all-round deepening of quality education,the cultivation of comprehensive quality has become the main theme of contemporary education reform.Good behavior and habits are of great significance to children’s future learning,growth,and development.Through literature review and other methods,this paper analyzes the current situation of children’s family education and the influence of family education on the cultivation of children’s behavioral habits and provides some strategies for cultivating children’s good behavioral habits in family education.

Eating Habits of High School Students in the District of Bamako in the Context of Nutritional Transition

Introduction: Eating habits are consolidated in early childhood and continue throughout life. Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth linked to puberty affected by the nutritional transition. This study aimed to evaluate the eating habits of high school students in the district of Bamako. Methodology: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from June 15 to July 4, 2023. The sample size was calculated with the StatCalc program of the Epi 7.2 software. Data was collected using a questionnaire on KoboCollect. Analyses were performed using SPSS 26 software. Results: A total of 2400 high school students were surveyed. The average age of high school students was 16.9 years ± 1.4. The median age was 17, with extremes of 14 and 19. Of the high school students, 53.3% were boys. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.14. About 89.4% of high school students had a Smartphone. Among high school students, 51.1% did not engage in physical activity outside of high school. Rice was the cereal most consumed by high school students (99.2%). Consumption of fish and seafood was very low (25.5%). Soft drinks were consumed on average 4.2 days/week. In addition, 60.8% of high school students consumed energy drinks. Certain eating behaviors were found in this study, such as nibbling (38.5%), eating in front of screens (79.0%), and skipping meals (46.1%). Conclusion: The most consumed cereal by high school students was rice. The consumption of ultra-processed products and sedentary leisure are habits to be monitored in the context of the prevention of food-related non-communicable diseases among high school students in the district of Bamako.

Regulation of soybean stem growth habit:A ten-year progress report

Stem growth habit dictates plant architecture and influences flowering and podding(seed setting),making it an essential morphological and breeding agronomic trait of soybean(Glycine max).Stem growth habit in soybean is affected by photoperiod and environment and is determined by genetic variation at major genes.Classical genetic analysis identified two critical loci,designated Determinacy 1(Dt1)and Determinacy 2(Dt2).Dt1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana TERMINAL FLOWER1(TFL1)and specifies an indeterminate stem growth habit,whereas Dt2 specifies a semi-determinate growth habit.MADS-box proteins,including Dt2,SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1(GmSOC1)and MADS-box genes downregulated by E1(GmMDE),repress Dt1 expression.Photoreceptors encoded by the E3 and E4 loci regulate the expression of soybean FLOWERING LOCUS T(GmFT)orthologs via circadian clock genes and E1,and GmFTs compete with Dt1 to regulate stem growth habit.Study of the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of stem growth habit in soybean has focused on the repression of Dt1 expression.Here we provide an overview of progress made in elucidating the genetic and molecular bases of stem growth habit in soybean,with emphasis on the molecular components responsible for integrating photoperiodic flowering and stem growth habit.

The History of Habits:A Critical Unknown in the History of Chinese Medicine

This essay articulates a new conceptual distinction-that between repertories and habits-and urges that the history of habits is the most critical unknown in the study of Chinese medical history.

Research on feeding habits and stomach fungi in Eothenomys miletus from Hengduan mountain regions

Eothenomys miletus(E.miletus)is one of the rodent species found in Yunnan,and it has caused significant harm to local agricultural production.In this study,we aimed to investigate the differences in feeding habits and stomach fungi of E.miletus across different areas in the Hengduan mountain regions.By exploring the main factors affecting the feeding habits and fungi of E.miletus,this study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of this species.We collected E.miletus specimens from five regions,namely Deqin,Xianggelila,Lijiang,Jianchuan,and Ailaoshan.We measured their feeding habits and the types of fungi in their stomachs using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that E.miletus primarily fed on Poaceae,Oxalidaceae,Asteraceae,and Fabaceae.Food diversity of E.miletus in Ailaoshan and Jianchuan was significantly lower than in the other three regions.As for stomach fungi,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the absolute dominant sectors.Changes in the diversity of fungi in different regions were consistent with changes in food diversity.The diversity of fungi in Ailaoshan and Jianchuan regions was lower than in the other three regions.These findings suggest that the feeding habits of E.miletus in different regions were affected by plant species,which,in turn,affects the diversity of fungi in their stomachs.

天基分布式光学合成孔径技术

宜居带行星探测研究是近年系外行星研究的热点领域之一,探测太阳系附近的宜居行星对研究生命起源等具有重要意义,成为系外行星探测的重要内容.天基分布式合成孔径技术作为系外宜居行星探测的重要手段,已经成为目前前沿光学技术研究的热点方向,但是仍有诸多技术问题需解决.本文从宜居行星搜寻计划的需求出发,根据以迈克尔逊干涉成像为基础的天基分布式合成孔径系统技术原理,介绍了国内外典型分布式合成孔径系统的技术发展,重点分析了实现天基分布式干涉成像所需采用的控制系统和技术,并阐述了解决高精度空间测距、高精度时间同步、多层级位相同步等关键问题的技术要点.为未来大型柔性可重构空间望远系统的建造提供了参考.

近邻宜居行星巡天计划:利用空间天体测量法寻找下一个“地球”

近邻宜居行星巡天计划(Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey,CHES)采用空间微角秒级别的高精度天体测量技术,普查太阳系近邻(10 pc内)约100颗FGK等类型恒星,探测宜居带类地行星或超级地球;详细普查宜居行星的数目、真实质量和三维轨道等信息,这将是国际上首次近邻宜居带类地行星的空间探测任务.CHES的有效载荷是一台口径为1.2 m,视场为0.44°×0.44°,焦距为36 m的高像质、低畸变、高稳定光学望远镜,采用同轴三反TMA光学成像系统.为实现宜居带类地行星探测,CHES任务中的测量精度为1μas,是目前国际测量精度最高的空间探测项目.在空间科学先导专项背景型号项目的支持下,CHES团队深入凝练和论证科学目标,成功突破了三项关键技术难题:实现了畸变大视场高像质空间望远镜光学系统技术的重要突破;突破了10–5 pixel级别星间距测量技术;实现了卫星系统高稳定度姿态控制精度及热控精度的创新.CHES预计发现50颗类地行星,引领中国空间科学探测技术的跨越式发展.

大地幔楔的两个深部碳循环圈:差异及宜居效应

本文总结评述了西太平洋板块深俯冲及在东亚地幔过渡带滞留和与之相关的晚白垩世和新生代东亚板内玄武岩共同构成的大地幔楔板内深部碳循环圈存在的证据;探讨了大地幔楔板内碳循环圈与岛弧系统碳循环圈在地幔碳酸盐化交代介质、碳酸盐种属、氧化还原反应及碳酸盐化地幔部分熔融发生机制等方面的差异和对显生宙大气氧含量保持稳定及温室效应周期性变化的影响;并指出了定量估计深俯冲碳酸盐歧化反应还原成金刚石而留在地幔过渡带和通过板内玄武质火山返还大气的碳各自所占有比例应是未来需研究的重要课题。

高质量发展导向下大城市社会空间分异格局及调控策略——以广州为例

城市社会空间分异是城乡规划领域的经典议题。以广州市为例,根据人口普查数据和人群画像数据等,聚焦城市内部各街区,通过对居住空间类型与社会群体分布和公共服务设施配置的关联分析,深入探究中心城区社会空间分异特征及现存问题,进而提出城市社会空间高质量均衡发展的调控策略。研究发现,广州市中心城区在居住空间类型方面以商品房街区和城中村街区为主,老旧街区占比较小,呈现出明显的居住空间分异特征,且三类街区的居民在年龄、受教育程度、收入、消费水平等社会经济特征方面差异显著;各类公共服务设施供给水平在不同社会群体及三类街区之间亦表现出明显的不均衡性;在城市历史发展惯性、城市规划引导、房地产发展的共同影响下,广州市中心城区呈现出“圈层+斑块”的社会空间结构。为缓解中国快速城镇化进程中大城市出现的社会空间维度不均衡发展的问题,从可负担住房保障和公共服务设施布局两方面提出相关调控策略,为推动城市高质量发展提供研究支撑。

绿色金融支持和美乡村建设的机制与路径研究

新时代新征程,建设宜居宜业和美乡村,对于满足国民对美好生活的新需求、提高乡村社会文明程度、推进农业农村现代化,进而全面建成社会主义现代化强国具有重要意义。这一目标的实现需要打造生态优质的“宜居”乡村、生产兴旺的“宜业”乡村、生活幸福的“和美”乡村。然而目前和美乡村建设面临着生态环境与经济发展相冲突及乡村建设资金短板尚未解决的现实挑战,为此本文提出要借助绿色金融之手来解决这些问题。绿色金融可以通过政府引导的积累机制与市场参与的投资机制,促进产业生态化与生态产业化实现生态补偿和修复及经营和权属交易。此外,借助绿色金融工具可以降低交易成本,从而实现乡村治理的激励相容,最终达成宜居宜业和美乡村建设的目标。

内漏测量技术中浓度衰减法应用模拟研究

核电厂主控室作为核电厂运行的关键位置,在正常和应急情况下保证工作人员在主控室可居留性尤为重要。对核电厂主控室进行可居留性内漏评价能够判断主控室环境是否处于正常安全运行状态,并根据评价结果发现主控室存在的问题进而提出解决方案,是保障主控室正常安全运行的一种评价技术手段。主控室可居留性内漏评价采用示踪气体试验方法,通过浓度衰减法在简单区域进行内漏测量技术模拟研究,结果表明:示踪气体浓度在40 min内能够达到混合均匀,各采样点示踪气体浓度相对标准偏差为3.71%,示踪气体浓度随着时间推移混合均匀性不断提高,房间空气交换次数为0.3/h,内漏量为45 m^(3)/h,空气交换次数的不确定度为0.3/h。采用浓度衰减法进行内漏测量模拟研究,通过对示踪气体注入、采样点布置,气体搅拌装置分布及示踪气体取样分析等过程进行控制,能够实现示踪气体在简单区域内快速混合均匀达到平衡状态。

注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠质量分析

目的 对国内市场中不同企业的注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠的质量状况进行评价,发现质量风险点,为仿制药一致性评价提供质量控制关键点。方法 采用法定检验结合探索性研究的方法对样品进行检验,统计分析注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠的整体质量水平,分析不同企业产品的差异。结果 按法定标准检验,80批次抽验样品结果均符合规定。但发现原研产品的复溶时间更快;不同企业的产品有关物质和含量结果差异较大;现行质量标准差异较大亟待提高统一。探索性研究表明,样品复溶时间与制剂中亚胺培南晶癖及粒度相关;采用LC/MS等方法对本品有关物质的来源进行了归属,对部分杂质结构进行了推断;对本品的含量测定方法进行了优化。结论 国内市场中注射用亚胺培南西司他丁钠的质量总体较好;在开展仿制药一致性评价工作中,需关注亚胺培南的晶癖以及制剂的有关物质、含量、充氮工艺和异亚丙基丙酮等质量关键点;现行标准有待统一和提高。

苦荞开花习性及其有性杂交技术研究

为探究苦荞开花习性及其有性杂交技术,本研究以品苦1号、米荞和HPE7为试验材料,通过观察苦荞开花习性和花器结构,采用刚开花人工去雄法进行杂交组合配置。结果表明,品苦1号、米荞和HPE7开花授粉的花朵数量存在较大差异,花朵的大小也存在微小的差异;人工杂交时选择刚开放的内外两轮花药粉红色、表面光滑没有授粉的花朵完成去雄工作;品苦1号和米荞为亲本的杂交组合,正交或反交结实率均达36%以上,表现出较高的亲和力;HPE7为父本的杂交组合,杂交种结实率均达35%以上,HPE7为母本的杂交组合,杂交种结实率为0,HPE7不适合作为母本使用。

对言的元语表达式“一……一”

基于对话的“对言语法”以对言格式为语言组织结构的主干。对言语法和对言格式消解主语和谓语的异质对立,视二者为对等项。对言格式是“平行对”和“链接对”的纵横交织,以“二元倚变”和“二元共享”为逻辑要素。本文有两个相关联的重点:一是建议把“一……一”式以及延伸的“一……一……一”式当作对言的“元语”表达式,理由是它不仅具有广泛的代表性,而且象征二项呼应互文的对等性,便于对言格式的符号化、数字化;二是通过“一……一”式和英语“one……the other”式的比较,说明“一种语言一种思维习惯”。