Effect of hot stamping parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of cold-rolled 22MnB5 steel strips

Thermomechanical experiments were carried out to reproduce the hot stamping process and to investigate the effects of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of stamped parts. The process parameters, such as austenitizing temperature, soaking time, initial deformation temperature and cooling rate, are studied. The resulting microstructures of specimens were observed and analyzed. To evaluate the mechanical properties of specimens, tensile and hardness tests were also performed at room temperature. The op-timum parameters to achieve the highest tensile strength and the desired microstructure were acquired by comparing and analyzing the results. It is indicated that hot deformation changes the transformation characteristics of 22MnB5 steel. Austenite deformation promotes the austen-ite-to-ferrite transformation and elevates the critical cooling rate to induce a fully martensitic transformation.

Influences of hot stamping parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of 30MnB5 and 22MnB5 quenched in flat die

The influences of hot stamping parameters such as heating temperature,soaking time,deformation temperature and cooling medium on the phase transformation,microstructure and mechanical properties of 30MnB5 and 22MnB5 are investigated and analyzed in this work.The quenching experiment,tensile testing,hardness measurement and microstructure observation were conducted to obtain the mechanical and microstructural data.The results indicate that 30MnB5 possesses a higher tensile strength but a lower elongation than 22MnB5,if hot stamped at the same process parameter.The tensile strength and hardness of the hot stamped specimens decrease under inappropriate heating conditions for two reasons,insufficient austenitization or coarse austenite grains.The austenitic forming rate of 30MnB5 is higher than that of 22MnB5,because more cementite leads to higher nucleation rate and diffusion coefficient of carbon atom.More amount of fine martensite forms under the higher deformation temperature or the quicker cooling rate.

Effect of rapid cold stamping on fracture behavior of long strip S′phase in Al−Cu−Mg alloy

High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction techniques were used to study the mechanism that underlies the influence of rapid cold-stamping deformation on the fracture behavior of the elongated nanoprecipitated phase in extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy.Results show that the interface between the long strip-shaped S′phase and the aluminum matrix in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is flat and breaks during rapid cold-stamping deformation.The breaking mechanisms are distortion and brittle failure,redissolution,and necking.The breakage of the long strip S′phase increases the contact surface between the S′phase and the aluminum matrix and improves the interfacial distortion energy.This effect accounts for the higher free energy of the S′phase than that of the matrix and creates conditions for the redissolution of solute atoms back into the aluminum matrix.The brittle S′phase produces a resolved step during rapid cold-stamping deformation.This step further accelerates the diffusion of solute atoms and promotes the redissolution of the S′phase.Thus,the S′phase necks and separates,and the long strip-shaped S′phase in the extruded Al−Cu−Mg alloy is broken into a short and thin S′phase.

Elastic-plastic solution to stamping thin strip on elastic foundation

An analytical method was proposed to solve the mechanical problems of stamping a thin strip on an elastic foundation. The thin strip was divided into four parts according to its deformation and contact with the punch and the elastic foundation, especially an elastic-plastic part was considered in the deflection of the thin strip. Analytical solutions were derived individually for each part and two models were established with the help of elastic and plastic large deflection theories. Compatibility conditions between the neighboring parts of the thin strip constructed the non-linear equation group. Solutions were carried out by programming with a software. The deformation shape, the membrane force, and the moment and shear force of the deformed thin strip were obtained. The results of the two models were compared. The study shows that the method is effective.

基于Pro/MECHANICA的冲压连续模力学设计研究

通过具体的实例,介绍了利用Pro/MECHANICA功能模块对模具的主要零件进行应力、应变、位移等分析的基本流程和操作方法,并对分析的结果作了必要的评价。实践表明,应用Pro/MECHANICA解决冲压连续模零件力学分析问题的方法简便易行。

基于Pro／MECHANICA的冲压连续模力学设计的研究

为了探索一种解决冲压连续模零件力学分析问题的新方法，通过具体的实例介绍了利用Pro/MEcHANICA功能模块对模具的主要零件进行应力、应变、位移等分析的基本流程和操作方法，并对分析的结果作了必要的评价。实践表明应用Pro／MEcHANICA解决冲压连续模零件力学分析问题的方法简便易行。

Effects of Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 38MnB5 steel

The effects of the microalloying element niobium(Nb) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot stamped steel 38 Mn B5 were investigated. The impact of Nb addition on the microstructure was studied through scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of the steel containing Nb were finer than those of the steel without Nb. Moreover, Nb mainly presented as a second-phase particle in 38MnB5 steel, and the particles included Nb carbonitrides. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the hot rolled and hot stamped steels were also measured, and they demonstrated that the appropriate addition of Nb was beneficial to the mechanical properties of 38 MnB5. Under the same conditions, the tensile strength of 38 MnB5 Nb was higher than that of 38 MnB5, which increased from 2011 to 2179 MPa. The yield strength also increased from 1316 to 1476 MPa, and the elongation increased from 5.92% to 6.64%. Overall, Nb had a positive effect on the performance of the hot stamped steel.

基于累加式实时串并联变换算法的机械故障声学监测方法

针对基于物联网(IoT)的冲压机床故障监测问题,为了降低冲压机床故障监测的计算复杂度,并提高其低频识别的精度,提出了一种无需机器学习技术的实时性机械故障声学监测方法,即基于累加式实时串并联变换算法的机械故障声学监测方法。首先,研究了物联网场景中冲压机床声学低频分析的必要性,并给出了声学信号的表达式;然后,针对频率轴上多个周期信号重叠导致参数估计较为困难的问题,提出了一种累加式实时串并联变换算法,将输入的采样序列馈入多个具有不同输出端口的串并转换器,从累加的波形中检测出最大绝对值,并进行了比较;最后,通过样本时隙划分,将累加式实时串并联变换算法应用于机械故障监测;通过仿真和冲压机床实机测试,对累加式实时串并联变换算法和实时性机械故障声学监测方法的有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明:在无需大量信号样本的情况下,使用累加式实时串并联变换算法有利于提高低频带的识别精度;在直方图相关性方面,累加式实时串并联变换算法和Morlet小波变换具有相同的性能,且均明显优于短时傅立叶变换;同时,尽管累加式实时串并联变换算法需要的加法总数比Morlet小波变换多2.5倍,但是乘法总数减少了20447%,大幅减少了计算的复杂度。

轴承坯料机械手轴盖3D多工位级进模设计

针对轴承坯料机械手轴盖制件一套三件的成套冲压成型生产要求,运用3D设计软件UG设计了一副11工位连续级进模用于轴盖成套制件的生产。模具中所设计的11工位包括冲孔、落料、拉深、翻边、侧切、侧冲孔等工艺成型手段,模具达到的效果是材料利用率达到64.23%,制件生产效率可达45套/min,模具制造成本降低5%。相比于传统多工序多套单冲模成型工艺,生产效率提高10倍以上。模具中,使用1次拉深成型、3次精修,对多级拉深成型件进行加工能有效降低制件加工难度;使用步进电机送料,氮气弹簧压料和顶料,使模具设计难度大为降低;使用了两种楔紧块驱动型侧滑块机构对制件进行工艺面切除加工和精整形,及燕尾槽压块驱动上模侧冲孔滑块机构使制件的侧面加工得到了可靠保证。使用UG设计软件设计了模具的3D结构,较之于2D排位设计方法,更能有效避免设计缺陷,模具设计效率和可靠性更高。

薄镀层热成形钢激光填丝焊的焊缝特征及性能

为降低镀覆在钢板表面的铝硅镀层对激光接头的不利影响,采用薄镀层热成形钢材料配合激光填丝焊技术,获得了焊缝内铝质量分数小于1%的激光填丝焊接头。对该接头进行了宏观及微观组织分析,发现热成形后焊接接头组织被全马氏体组织取代,避免了软化现象。力学性能分析表明,热成形前后试样的抗拉强度从约570 MPa提高到约1 500 MPa,接头的薄弱环节位于母材,高速拉伸对接头的抗拉强度没有不良影响,而断裂伸长率受影响较大。

Effect of Contact Pressure during Quenching on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-stamping Parts

An experimental apparatus with cooling system and pressure-adjustment assembly for simulating quench- ing was constructed to investigate the effect of contact pressure on the microstructures and mechanical properties of hot stamping parts. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the microstructures of the as quenched parts were con- ducted; moreover, hardness and tensile tests were performed to measure their mechanical properties. The results in- dicated that contact pressure during quenching strongly affected the structures and performances of hot-stamping components. An excessive low contact pressure led to insufficient martensitic transformation. The critical contact pressure for complete martensitic transformation for 4.0 mm 22MnB5 steel was 0.4 MPa when the temperature of the coolant was 20 ℃. However, in consideration of the efficiency of practical production, a contact pressure higher than 1.25 MPa is recommended.

22MnB5超高强度热冲压成形钢的开发及应用

通过成分设计、轧制、退火及热冲压成形过程关键工艺参数的调控,研究分析了冷轧压下率、退火温度及热冲压成形冷却速度对22MnB5超高强度热冲压成形钢(22MnB5钢)微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,22MnB5钢的冷轧压下率控制在50%~60%范围时可实现酸连轧的稳定轧制,退火温度控制在780~820℃范围时退火态22MnB5钢的金相组织为均匀细小的铁素体和珠光体,且性能均匀稳定。热冲压成形淬火在冷却速度不低于30℃·s^(-1)时可获得板条尺寸均匀的全马氏体组织。本产品通过了热冲压成形生产线的工业试用,结果表明:热冲压成形后22MnB5钢的屈服强度为1030~1113 MPa、抗拉强度为1480~1520 MPa、伸长率在8.0%以上、硬度HV10不低于500、表面总脱碳层深度均在35μm以下,热冲压成形后零件的尺寸精度、外观均满足客户需求。

AZ31镁合金板的热冲压成形研究

为了改善AZ31镁合金板的成形性,对其2 mm厚的挤压板分别在25(室温)、250、300、350、400℃五个温度进行热冲压成形。通过回弹角测量、组织观察和力学性能测试,研究冲压成形温度对其回弹性能和显微组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明,室温冲压成形时,冲压件底部弯角处有细微的裂纹,且回弹现象较明显;随着冲压成形温度升高,AZ31镁合金板的成形性能得到明显改善,回弹现象减弱。镁合金冲压板材的显微组织在室温下无孪晶产生,随着温度升高开始产生孪晶,在250、300、350℃中均有大量孪晶生成,到达400℃后孪晶开始减少至消失,材料发生再结晶现象,晶粒细化。

不同退火温度下预压缩镁板冲压成形性能研究

为探讨孪晶对镁合金静态再结晶的影响机制,首先对1 mm厚AZ31镁板沿轧向预压缩7%引入{1012}拉伸孪晶,然后对预孪晶镁板在200、250、300和350℃下进行3 h的退火处理,研究了镁板显微组织演变,探讨了温度对力学性能和冲压成形性能的影响规律。结果表明:200℃退火镁板未发生再结晶,保留了孪晶片层结构,同时去除了残余应力,降低了位错密度,导致基体软化。随着退火温度的升高,再结晶发生完全,晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,300℃的退火试样晶粒尺寸达到峰值。孪晶结构导致了晶格畸变,在基体中引入了较高的储存能,利于再结晶晶粒的形核及生长。随退火温度的升高,镁板的屈服强度(YS)和极限抗拉强度(UTS)先降低后升高,在300℃时最低;伸长率(EL)先升高后降低,在300℃最佳。随着退火温度升高到300℃,因再结晶晶粒的逐渐长大,晶粒取向变得有利,导致基体软化,从而YS和UTS降低,EL升高。而350℃退火的试样晶粒尺寸变得更加均匀细小,利于强度的改善。随着退火温度的升高,镁板的加工硬化指数n先增加后减小,屈强比ReL/Rm和塑性应变比r先减小后增加,300℃退火试样的n值最大、Re L/Rm和r值最小,使其达到了优异的杯突成形性能。

镀锌超高强度钢板中镀层裂纹的研究进展

锌镀层在车用超高强钢热冲压防护中具有保护钢板基体免受氧化及脱碳,并为零件提供良好的阴极保护性能和焊接性能的重要作用。在镀锌超高强钢板热冲压中,基体与镀层间元素相互扩散并在镀层中发生相变产生脆性相(Г相),促使镀层中微裂纹的产生并诱发扩展至基体的宏观裂纹,导致零件使用寿命大幅度衰减。因此,锌镀超高强钢板层在拥有良好保护性能和使用性能的前提下,还需在热冲压过程中避免镀层裂纹的产生。针对镀锌层微裂纹和宏观裂纹产生原因进行了介绍,综述了热冲压温度(加热温度,初始热冲压温度)和加热时间、钢板形变和钢板基体因素对镀层裂纹的影响,重点讨论了提高零件性能和抑制镀层裂纹所需工艺的矛盾点,阐述了摩擦因素对镀层裂纹和成形性能的影响,总结了抑制镀层裂纹的措施。最后,从零件应力、塑性变形和钢板基体改性3个方面展望了未来抑制锌基镀层裂纹的发展方向。

热成形淬火对QP1180/22MnB5激光拼焊板组织与性能的影响

目的对QP1180和22MnB5激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,以解决超高强钢板材焊后的软化问题。方法选择QP1180和22MnB5异种高强钢作为母材进行激光自熔焊,对焊后的激光拼焊板进行热成形试验,通过体式显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、液压拉伸试验机和维氏硬度计等手段,分析热成形前后激光拼焊板微观组织和力学性能的变化。结果与焊态拉伸试样相比,热成形试样抗拉强度提高了135%,断后伸长率降低了55%,拉伸试样都在22MnB5母材处断裂,均为塑性断裂。在热成形后,对焊接接头进行组织分析,发现QP1180母材区马氏体含量增加,22MnB5母材区和临界热影响区组织由珠光体和铁素体转变为马氏体,焊接接头热影响区各亚区的组织均转变为大小不同的板条马氏体。硬度测试结果表明,焊态试样焊接接头的QP1180临界区存在软化现象,硬度值最低为335HV,22MnB5侧硬度值由母材处向焊缝升高,母材硬度最低为170HV;而在热成形后,QP1180临界区软化现象消失,硬度值趋于平缓,22MnB5母材处硬度比焊态试样硬度高了2倍。结论与焊态试样相比,经热成形后激光拼焊板的焊后软化问题得到了解决。

冲压制件可追溯技术研究与应用

为了实现冲压件质量问题的可追溯管理,分析了模具机械打码技术以及设备激光打码技术的结构、原理及应用的优缺点。机械打码安装在模具上,在线更换需要生产线停机,打码时间精确到周;激光打码与生产线集成,不需要停线换标,打码信息精确到零件。根据不同的应用条件选择不同的打码方式,满足冲压件从单批次到单件的打码精准质量可追溯控制。同时通过数字化手段贯通各领域打码信息,实现从冲压专业到整车质量可追溯信息绑定的跟踪。

基于改进YOLOv5的冲压件缺陷检测方法研究

冲压件在生产过程中容易出现裂纹、划痕、起皱、凹凸点等缺陷。目前,生产线上的冲压件缺陷检测以人工检测为主,效率低,且容易造成漏检。为此,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5模型的缺陷检测算法。为了提高缺陷部分的关注度,更好地聚焦缺陷,本文在YOLOv5模型的主干网络中引入CA注意力模块。为了进一步提升模型的精度,本文通过对比实验,将目标框损失函数改为GIoU,提升了定位精度。实验表明,相较于原模型,改进后的YOLOv5模型精准度、召回率、mAP值均得到提升。

冲压模具设计中对机械运动的控制和运用

冲压模具作为一种重要的制造技术,在现代工业生产中发挥着越来越大的作用。目前,许多企业仍然沿用传统的手工制作方法来制造冲压模具。这种方法虽然可以满足一些简单的需求,但无法保证模具的质量和稳定性。为了解决这个问题,主要分析了冲压模具设计中对机械运动的控制及应用。可以更好地提高模具的生产效率,降低成本并提升产品质量。

模拟不同热冲压温度对低碳桥壳钢组织和性能的影响

从14mm厚度低碳桥壳钢板同一位置取样,分别按照热冲压温度加热到650℃750℃、850℃,保温3min后空冷,与未加热的热轧钢板进行组织、性能对比,分析不同热冲压温度对低碳试验钢组织、性能的影响。结果表明:试验钢在650℃温度加热情况下力学性能及组织基本没有变化,750℃温度力学性能基本没有变化,组织中第二相减少,铁素体晶粒上析出物增加,850℃温度屈服强度及抗拉强度降低约90MPa,延伸率增加5%,晶粒尺寸增大,铁素体形状趋于等轴状,碳化物析出明显降低。