High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38%(4.05 GHz–5.95 GHz)and AR bandwidth of 24.9%(4.4 GHz–5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7%(3.95 GHz–6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.

A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Filtenna for X and Ku Band Application

In this paper Substrate Integrated Waveguide-basedfiltenna operating at Ku band is proposed.The model is designed on a low loss dielectric substrate having a thickness of 0.508 mm and comprises of shorting vias along two edges of the substrate walls.To realize a bandpassfilter,secondary shorting vias are placed close to primary shorting vias.The dimension and position of the vias are carefully analyzed for Ku band frequencies.The model is fabricated on Roger RT/duroid 5880 and the performance characteristics are measured.The proposed model achieves significant impedance characteristics with wider bandwidth in the Ku band.The model also achieves a maximum gain of 7.46 dBi in the operating band thus making it suitable for Ku-band applications.Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)Structures possess most of the advantages over conventional radiofrequency waveguides since they have high power management capacity with self-consistent electrical shielding.The most noteworthy advantage of SIW,it can able to integrate all the components on the same substrate,both passive and active components.

Frequency-selective microwave polarization rotator using substrate-integrated waveguide cavities

A frequency selective polarization rotator that can rotate the polarization angle of an incident electromagnetic wave at the microwave frequency by 45 is presented. The polarization rotator is based on a two-dimensional periodic array of substrate integrated waveguide cavities, realizing the polarization rotation by coupling the input signal to the output wave through three metallic slots. Two layers of frequency selective surfaces are cascaded by substrate and form the polarization rotator. A vertical slot on the top layer is used to select the horizontal polarization from the incident wave, the vertical and the horizontal slots on the bottom layer are, respectively, used to obtain horizontally and vertically polarized outgoing waves. The two orthogonal outgoing waves are combined to result in the 45~ polarized wave. Both full wave simulation and experimental measurement are carried out, together validating the proposed method.

Millimeter wave dielectric loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna array using substrate integrated waveguide for gigabit wireless communications

A new and upcoming application is the use of 60 GHz antennas for high date rate point-to-point connections to serve Gigabit(Gi-Fi)w ireless communications.The design of M illimeter w ave(M m W)antennas has to cope w ith the unadorned influences of manufacturing tolerances and losses at 60 GHz.In this paper,the concept of Substrate Integrated Waveguide(SIW)and Exponentially Tapered Slot(ETS)antenna w ere used together to design a high gain,efficient planar dielectric loaded antenna for M m W Gi-Fi w ireless communications at 60 GHz.The SIW is used to feed the antenna and a dielectric is utilized in front of the antenna to increase the gain.The dielectric loaded ETS antenna and compact SIW feed w ere fabricated on a single substrate,resulting in low cost and easy fabrication.The antenna w ith elliptical shaped dielectric loaded w as fabricated using printed circuit board process.The measured gain of the single element antenna is 10.2 dB,w hile the radiation efficiency of 96.84%is obtained at 60 GHz.The Y-junction SIW pow er divider is used to form a 1×4 array structure.M easured gain of the 1×4 array antenna is 13.3 dB,w hile the measured radiation pattern and gain are almost constant w ithin the w ide bandw idth of the antenna.

A multi-frequency circularly polarized metasurface antenna array based on quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide for sub-6 applications

A miniaturized multi-frequency circularly polarized array is designed in this paper.The antenna array is composed of three independent sub-arrays employing modified quarter-mode substrate ntegrated aveguide(QMSIW)to achieve three circularly polarized frequency bands.By introducing strip-slot,the impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is broadened while the dimension is decreased by 75%to realize miniaturization.Meanwhile,metasurface causes the impedance bandwidth of the sub-array to be further enhanced.Moreover,the metal vias are employed in the antenna array design to further achieve miniaturization.The antenna array is manufactured and measured to verify the design.Both the measured and simulated results display that the array achieves the impedance bandwidths of 10%,11.7%,and 14.8%and axial ratio bandwidths of 8.8%,8.0%,and 8.5%at 2.5,3.5,and 4.8 GHz,respectively.The gain is stable in the operating band within an uncertainty of 0.7 d Bi.The whole dimension is 0.92λ×0.63λ×0.04λ,whereλ_(0) is the wavelength at the lowest resonant frequency.Furthermore,the simple structure and miniaturization provides great convenience in sub-6 applications.

Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Monopulse Slot Antenna Arrays for 60 GHz Applications

Monopulse slot antenna arrays based on substrate integrated waveguide （SIW） are proposed for the application of 60 GHz mono- pulse tracking systems in this paper. The sum-difference monopulse comparator can provide a high amplitude and phase balance over wide frequency band and no phase delay technique is required for the difference channel. Resonant slot antennas are adopted as the radiating elements since they can be integrated with the sum-difference monopulse comparator in a single layer with a compact size. Two monopulse arrays with 2× 4 and 4×4 slot elements are designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results show that the proposed antenna arrays have wide bandwidth covering the unlicensed 60-GHz band. The peak sum beam gain is 13.85 dBi for the 2 ×4 element array and 16.24 dBi for the 4×4 element array. The peak difference beam gain is 11.20 dBi for the 2×4 element array and 12.11 dBi for the 4×4 element array and the maximum null depth can reach -40 dB.

Design of Dual-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Band-Pass Filters

Three dual-mode band-pass filters are presented in the present paper. The first filter is realized by dual-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity;the second is based on the integration of SIW cavity with electromagnetic band gap (EBG);and the third is based on the integration of SIW cavity with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). The dual-mode SIW cavity is designed to have a fractional bandwidth of 4.95% at the midband frequency of 9.08 GHz;the proposed EBG-SIW resonator operates at 9.12 GHz with a bandwidth of 4.38% and the CSRR-SIW resonator operates at 8.66 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.54%. The proposed filters have the high Q-factors and generate a transmission zero in upper stopband, and these by the use of Rogers RT/duriod 5880 (tm).

Metamaterial beam scanning leaky-wave antenna based on quarter mode substrate integrated waveguide structure

In this paper, we first propose a metamaterial structure by etching the same two interdigital fingers on the upper ground of quarter mode substrate integrated waveguide（QMSIW）. The simulated results show that the proposed QMSIWbased metamaterial has a continuous phase constant changing from negative to positive values within its passband. A periodic leaky-wave antenna（LWA）, which consists of 11 QMSIW-based metamaterial unit cells, is designed, fabricated,and measured. The measured results show that the fabricated antenna achieves a continuous beam scanning property from backward-43° to forward ＋32° over an operating frequencyrange of 8.9 GHz–11.8 GHz with return loss better than 10 d B.The measured antenna gain keeps consistent with the variation of less than 2 d B over the operating frequency range with a maximum gain of 12 d B. Besides, the measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other, indicating the significance and effectiveness of this method.

Single-cavity triangular substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter with complementary triangular split ring resonator

A novel single-cavity equilateral triangular substrate integrated waveguide(TSIW) bandpass filter(BPF) with a complementary triangular split ring resonator(CTSRR) is designed in this paper. A metallic via-hole is used to split the degenerate modes and adjust the transmission zeros(TZs) properly. Meanwhile, the CTSRR is utilized as a resonator to work together with the degenerate modes of the TSIW cavity. The resonant frequency of the CTSRR can be adjusted by its own size. Meanwhile, a TZ is observed in the lower band due to the CTSRR. Finally, a 16% 3 dB fractional bandwidth(FBW) triple-mode TSIW BPF with three TZs in both lower and upper bands is simulated, fabricated, and measured. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured ones.

A Compact PSOAM Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide

With no dark zone in the propagation path and the same divergence angles,different plane spiral orbital angular momentum(PSOAM)beams can be superposed easily in the transverse plane.In this paper,a stacked resonator antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide is proposed,which is a compact planar waveguide structure.To obtain the structured EM wave which is superposed by the PSOAM waves(3;4;5;6)at 10 GHz,eight ring resonators are placed symmetrically on the two sides of the center plane and excited simultaneously.Simulation results,including distributions of the electric field,far-field results and purity analysis,are given,indicating that PSOAM beams can be generated with good performances.By controlling the initial phases of different PSOAM waves,beam steering can be realized with the same radiation patterns,which has great potentials in communication and radar detection.

基于慢波基片集成波导的小型化移相功分器

针对移相器和功分器的功能融合设计,提出了一种基于慢波基片集成波导(Slow-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SW-SIW)的小型化移相功分器,两个输出分支等长带宽,可实现30°相移量.其中一个输出分支通过基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)实现,而另一个输出分支将互补开口谐振环(Complementary SplitRing Resonator,CSRR)加载在上层金属表面,代替传统SIW连续的金属表面,该CSRR由经典CSRR结构演变而来,同时为了降低由CSRR加载所造成的相位上的不稳定,在CSRR内部添加金属化通孔,实现SW-SIW,使得截止频率和相速度降低.测试结果表明,移相功分器在9.0~11.8 GHz频带范围内反射系数|S11|小于-10 d B,相对工作带宽为26.9%,插入损耗小于1.3 d B.两个输出端口的相位差稳定在30°±3°,幅度差小于1.4 d B,实现了等功率分配.所设计的移相功分器具有较小的尺寸和低制造成本,适合应用在相控阵天线中.

基片集成波导馈电的毫米波雷达阵列天线

为了满足毫米波雷达的应用需求,本文设计了一款工作于24 GHz的毫米波雷达阵列天线。该天线由八个1×8单元的微带串馈直线阵列组成平面阵列,每一个线阵采用中心馈电的形式,解决了传统串馈阵列波束偏离阵列法线的问题。同时,利用基片集成波导设计了低损耗的馈电网络,且将馈电网络和辐射贴片排布为两层,大大减小了天线的平面尺寸。此外,本设计中还利用泰勒综合法优化设计了阵列单元的宽度和功分器的分配比例,从而同时优化了天线E面和H面的旁瓣电平。测试结果表明,天线在23.7 GHz~24.2 GHz的频带内|S11|<-10 dB,相对带宽约为2.1%,最大增益为21.1 dB。天线在电场面旁瓣电平小于-20 dB,磁场面小于-23 dB,整体效率约为69%。

X波段Si基片集成脊波导MEMS环行器

基于波导传输理论设计并制备了一款Si基片集成脊波导(RSIW)微电子机械系统(MEMS)环行器,该环形器以高阻硅作为衬底材料,采用高精度三维MEMS加工工艺制备而成。通过在基片集成波导(SIW)结构中添加脊梁结构,形成RSIW传输结构,使传输主模TE10模的截止频率比矩形波导TE10模的低,从而实现相同频率下更小的器件尺寸。同时,通过电磁仿真软件对射频匹配和磁场分布进行了精确的建模仿真,完成了Si基片集成脊波导MEMS环行器的仿真设计。制备了尺寸为6 mm×6 mm的环行器样品并进行了测试,结果验证了仿真设计的准确性,其工作频率为8~12 GHz,回波损耗大于20 dB,隔离度大于18 dB,插入损耗小于0.5 dB。实现优良微波特性的同时,相比于常规的SIW结构环行器尺寸缩小了20%左右。

基于基片集成波导的Ka波段毫米波缝隙天线设计

本文总结了由基片集成波导(SIW)设计缝隙天线的一般方法,并设计了一款8×8 SIW缝隙天线阵列。该天线主要由SIW馈电网络、缝隙阵列和微带线至SIW转换器三部分构成。利用泰勒分布函数控制阵列的馈电幅度以及缝隙的偏置距离,从而有效地控制了阵列在方位面和俯仰面的旁瓣电平。实验结果表明,该天线在33.30 GHz~36.54 GHz的频带范围内S 11幅值小于-10 dB,相对带宽为9.3%。天线最大增益为18.56 dB,H面副瓣电平小于-20 dB,E面副瓣电平小于-18 dB。该天线剖面低,易于共形,在机载、弹载等场景中有较好的应用前景。

基于HMSIW的小型化三模带通滤波器设计

传统的多模谐振器引入多个谐振器,并利用其中两个甚至多个谐振模式来组合构建滤波器通带,但由于其谐振器个数较多而在射频系统中占用了较大的空间。为此,本文提出了基于半圆形半模基片集成波导(HMSIW)的三模带通滤波器,通过引入金属化过孔来扰动半圆形HMSIW谐振腔的谐振模式的电场分布,使得对应的谐振模式的频率也会随之发生偏移,进而使原本谐振频率相差较大的三个谐振模式的频率逐渐靠近,最终组合形成滤波器的通带。该设计无需引入额外的谐振器,能够实现滤波器尺寸减半甚至成倍减少,从而达成小型化的目的。

基于基片集成波导加载开口环的介电测量传感器

基于微扰理论,提出了一种在基片集成波导(SIW)结构上加载椭圆形开口环的小型化介电常数测量传感器。在传感器表面刻蚀椭圆开口环,增加电流路径的同时,降低工作频率,实现器件的小型化。在中心区域挖有通孔,当放入具有不同介电常数的待测物体时,传感器的S参数会发生改变。通过仿真软件对传感器进行分析,介电常数实部从1至10变化,频率的相对偏移达到32.4%。测量结果表明:传感器对介电常数的测量误差小于3%,具有很好的测量效果。

X波段MEMS硅腔折叠基片集成波导环行器芯片

通信系统向小型化、高性能、集成化的快速发展对射频组件的体积和电性能提出了苛刻的要求。设计了一种X波段硅腔折叠基片集成波导(FSIW)环行器芯片。当基片集成波导(SIW)工作于主模时,将中央的对称面等效为虚拟磁壁,沿着窄边对电磁场进行多次折叠,形成FSIW。以该技术作为设计思路,提高空间利用率,实现了FSIW整体结构的小型化。将FSIW的优势融入环行器中心结设计,使设计的环行器芯片具有高功率容量、低插入损耗、体积小、质量轻的优点。基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺,以高阻硅为衬底材料,制备了该硅腔FSIW环行器芯片,芯片整体尺寸为6.5 mm×6 mm×2.5 mm,工作频率为8.5~11.5 GHz,回波损耗>18.5 dB,带内插入损耗<0.4 dB,隔离度>20 dB。

基于横向耦合和正交耦合的基片集成波导超宽阻带滤波功分器

基片集成波导滤波功分器在通信系统中的应用逐渐广泛。与传统波导谐振器相同,基片集成波导谐振器含有多个传输模式,导致基片集成波导滤波器的宽阻带特性很难实现。本文设计了一种由电激励实现的超宽阻带基片集成波导滤波功分器。具体地,提出了一种基于电磁交替耦合拓扑的四阶基片集成波导滤波功分器,具有电输入和电输出端口。横向耦合通过谐振腔侧边开窗实现磁耦合,纵向耦合通过在相邻两腔之间的耦合窗口中蚀刻S槽线实现电耦合。通过正交传输路径可以抑制多个高阶模式,仿真和测量结果表明,阻带带宽分别大于9f 0和3.1f 0范围,该中心频率为35.5 GHz的滤波功分器的带外抑制效果优于-20 dB。上述方法经实物验证,试验结果与仿真结果吻合。

波导谐振环微带阵列多裂纹检测传感器设计

针对飞行器机翼的大面积壁板等金属结构的多形态裂纹分布难以同时检测、检测精度低等问题,设计了一种互补开口波导谐振环微带阵列多裂纹检测传感器。该传感器群阵列中不同尺寸的互补开口波导谐振环微带传感器能够检测直裂纹、针孔、星型3种裂纹的特征参数。实验结果表明,传感器对3种裂纹的参数变化的最大检测灵敏度达到了150 MHz/mm,传感器可检测出的最小直裂纹尺寸为10 mm×1 mm×0.1 mm。该传感器结合了互补开口谐振环辐射能力强、易于表面共形和基片集成波导低损耗、品质因数高、尺寸小的特性,能够实现对金属材料上多形态裂纹的同时检测,具有灵敏度高、检测范围大等优点。

基于电磁混合耦合的SIW宽阻带带通滤波器设计

为实现阻带一段范围内依然具有良好的抑制能力,提出了电磁混合耦合的基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)宽阻带带通滤波器(Bandpass Filter,BPF)。根据模式的本征抑制和电磁混合耦合理论,合理地设置外部馈电端口、内部耦合窗口及内部耦合圆孔阵列,抑制了频率低于TE_(105)和TE_(501)之前的所有高次模,并且使得工作模式TE101电耦合很好地传输。仿真与实测结果均显示,该滤波器的中心频率f_(0)=5.94 GHz,插入损耗为−3.46 dB,相对带宽为2.44%,当阻带宽度延伸至3.85 f0时,抑制深度优于20 dB。与经典的四阶SIW宽阻带带通滤波器相比,拥有相同的带宽时,该双层层叠的方式更加紧凑,有利于集成到微波电路系统中。