Research on the flow stability and noise reduction characteristics of quasi-periodic elastic support skin

To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.

Some New Results from the Electron Theory on the Elastical of Alkahoe Earth Metals and Rare Earth Elements

With the introduction of Poisson's ratio in the expression of Young's modulus,nearly all the theoretical values of the various elastic moduli for the alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements can be greatly refined, with the single exception of the theoreticalvalue of Young's modulus for Pr which is slightly increased This points to the validityof the new theory, that the bulk modulus is independent of the Poisson's ratio, and further that the valency electron structures of solids as determined by Yu's theory are correct.

Theoretical Research and Experimental Validation of Elastic Dynamic Load Spectra on Bogie Frame of High-speed Train

When a train runs at high speeds, the external exciting frequencies approach the natural frequencies of bogie critical components, thereby inducing strong elastic vibrations. The present international reliability test evaluation standard and design criteria of bogie frames are all based on the quasi-static deformation hypothesis. Structural fatigue damage generated by structural elastic vibrations has not yet been included. In this paper, theoretical research and experimental validation are done on elastic dynamic load spectra on bogie frame of high-speed train. The construction of the load series that correspond to elastic dynamic deformation modes is studied. The simplified form of the load series is obtained. A theory of simplified dynamic load–time histories is then deduced. Measured data from the Beijing–Shanghai Dedicated Passenger Line are introduced to derive the simplified dynamic load–time histories. The simplified dynamic discrete load spectra of bogie frame are established. Based on the damage consistency criterion and a genetic algorithm, damage consistency calibration of the simplified dynamic load spectra is finally performed. The computed result proves that the simplified load series is reasonable. The calibrated damage that corresponds to the elastic dynamic discrete load spectra can cover the actual damage at the operating conditions. The calibrated damage satisfies the safety requirement of damage consistency criterion for bogie frame. This research is helpful for investigating the standardized load spectra of bogie frame of high-speed train.

Analysis of the geometrical dependence of auxetic behavior in reentrant structures by finite elements

Materials with a negative Poisson＇s ratio（PR）are called auxetics;they are characterized by expansion/contraction when tensioned/compressed.Given this counterintuitive behavior,they present very particular characteristics and mechanical behavior.Geometrical models have been developed to justify and artificiall reproduce such materials＇ auxetic behavior.The focus of this study is the exploration of a reentrant model by analyzing the variation in the PR of reentrant structures as a function of geometrical and base material parameters.It is shown that,even in the presence of protruding ribs,there may not be auxetic behavior,and this depends on the geometry of each reentrant structure.Values determined for these parameters can be helpful as approximate reference data in the design and fabrication of auxetic lattices using reentrant geometries.

C^1 natural element method for strain gradient linear elasticity and its application to microstructures

C^1 natural element method （C^1 NEM） is applied to strain gradient linear elasticity, and size effects on mi crostructures are analyzed. The shape functions in C^1 NEM are built upon the natural neighbor interpolation （NNI）, with interpolation realized to nodal function and nodal gradient values, so that the essential boundary conditions （EBCs） can be imposed directly in a Galerkin scheme for partial differential equations （PDEs）. In the present paper, C^1 NEM for strain gradient linear elasticity is constructed, and sev- eral typical examples which have analytical solutions are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the constructed method. In its application to microstructures, the size effects of bending stiffness and stress concentration factor （SCF） are studied for microspeciem and microgripper, respectively. It is observed that the size effects become rather strong when the width of spring for microgripper, the radius of circular perforation and the long axis of elliptical perforation for microspeciem come close to the material characteristic length scales. For the U-shaped notch, the size effects decline obviously with increasing notch radius, and decline mildly with increasing length of notch.

A NEW AEROMECHANICAL STABILITY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR COUPLED ROTOR/FUSELAGE SYSTEM OF HELICOPTERS

The aeromechanical st ability for the coupled rotor/fuselage system of helicopters in forward flight i s investigated. The periodic time-varying equations of motion are developed thr ough building a new 24DOF coupled rigid/elastic blended element based on the fle xible multibody system theory in this paper. It accounts for the effects of prec one, sweep, and the moderately large elastic deflections on the blade and elasti city of shaft and fuselage of the helicopter. The dynamic coupling between the r igid motion of blades about the flap, lag and pitch hinges of articulated rotor and moderately large elastic deflections are included. There is no restriction o n the rotation amplitudes of flap, lag and pitch in the formulation. The stabili ty of periodic solution is studied using the Floquet theory. The transition matr ix is calculated by the Newmark integration method. The aeromechanical stability of a new helicopter is studied. The results show that it is stable in the given forward flight. But the instability arises with the decrease of the bending and torsion stiffness of the shaft.

THE 3-D BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD OF ROLLER BEARING BY PLATE ELEMENT ANALOGUE

The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middlerolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodiescontact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensionalelastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structuralcharacteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are de- scribed byelastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on theinternal ring.

Theoretical Features of the Process Cleaning Zone between Sections of Raw Cotton from Weed Impurities

The article proposes to use the Euler equations to describe the motion of a stationary stream in the cleaning zones, which allows us to determine the laws of the distribution of pressure, density and speed along the arc of contact of the moving layer of raw cotton with the surface of the mesh during impact with spikes on the pulp. It was found that the pressure, density and flow velocity along the cleaning arc as a result of the hammer spikes change stepwise with decreasing pressure and density and increasing flow velocity along this arc.

Boundary element method for calculation of elastic wave transmission in two-dimensional phononic crystals

A boundary element method(BEM) is presented to compute the transmission spectra of two-dimensional(2-D) phononic crystals of a square lattice which are finite along the x-direction and infinite along the y-direction.The cross sections of the scatterers may be circular or square.For a periodic cell,the boundary integral equations of the matrix and the scatterers are formulated.Substituting the periodic boundary conditions and the interface continuity conditions,a linear equation set is formed,from which the elastic wave transmission can be obtained.From the transmission spectra,the band gaps can be identified,which are compared with the band structures of the corresponding infinite systems.It is shown that generally the transmission spectra completely correspond to the band structures.In addition,the accuracy and the efficiency of the boundary element method are analyzed and discussed.

Superconvergence and recovery type a posteriori error estimation for hybrid stress finite element method

Superconvergence and recovery type a posteriori error estimators are analyzed for Pian and Sumihara's 4-node hybrid stress quadrilateral finite element method for linear elasticity problems. Superconvergence of order O(h^(1+min){α,1}) is established for both the displacement approximation in H^1-norm and the stress approximation in L^2-norm under a mesh assumption, where α > 0 is a parameter characterizing the distortion of meshes from parallelograms to quadrilaterals. Recovery type approximations for the displacement gradients and the stress tensor are constructed, and a posteriori error estimators based on the recovered quantities are shown to be asymptotically exact. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.