Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflict-affected regions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health disorders.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected regions.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant studies.Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical analysis.Results The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for inclusion.The included studies comprised data from 64596 participants.We estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted civilians.The subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/middle-incomecountries.Conclusions The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health outcomes.Hence,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

Analysis and verification of electrodynamic force,thermal stress and current sharing for CRAFT converter structure design

In the design realm of fusion power supplies,structural components play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of fusion devices.To verify the reliability of the converter structure design at the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT),meticulous analysis of the converter's dynamic impact is carefully performed based on the worst fault current(400k A),firstly.Subsequently,the thermal stress analysis based on the maximum allowable steadystate temperature is finished,and the equivalent thermal stress,thermal deformation,maximum shear stress of a single bridge arm and the whole converter are studied.Furthermore,a simple research method involving the current-sharing characteristics of a bridge arm with multithyristor parallel connection is proposed using a combination of Simplorer with Q3D in ANSYS.The results show that the current-sharing characteristics are excellent.Finally,the structural design has been meticulously tailored to meet the established requirements.

Non-dimensional analysis on blast wave propagation in foam concrete:Minimum thickness to avoid stress enhancement

Foam concrete is a prospective material in defense engineering to protect structures due to its high energy absorption capability resulted from the long plateau stage.However,stress enhancement rather than stress mitigation may happen when foam concrete is used as sacrificial claddings placed in the path of an incoming blast load.To investigate this interesting phenomenon,a one-dimensional difference model for blast wave propagation in foam concrete is firstly proposed and numerically solved by improving the second-order Godunov method.The difference model and numerical algorithm are validated against experimental results including both the stress mitigation and the stress enhancement.The difference model is then used to numerically analyze the blast wave propagation and deformation of material in which the effects of blast loads,stress-strain relation and length of foam concrete are considered.In particular,the concept of minimum thickness of foam concrete to avoid stress enhancement is proposed.Finally,non-dimensional analysis on the minimum thickness is conducted and an empirical formula is proposed by curve-fitting the numerical data,which can provide a reference for the application of foam concrete in defense engineering.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the GSK3 Gene Family in Sunflower under Various Abiotic Stresses

Genes in the glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK3)family are essential in regulating plant response to stressful conditions.This study employed bioinformatics to uncover the GSK3 gene family from the sunflower genome database.The expressions of GSK3 genes in different tissues and stress treatments,such as salt,drought,and cold,were assessed using transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).The study results revealed that the 12 GSK3 genes of sunflower,belonging to four classes(Classes I–IV),contained the GSK3 kinase domain and 11–13 exons.The majority of GSK3 genes were highly expressed in the leaf axil and flower,while their expression levels were relatively lower in the leaf.As a result of salt stress,six of the GSK3 genes(HaSK11,HaSK22,HaSK23,HaSK32,HaSK33,and HaSK41)displayed a notable increase in expression,while HaSK14 and HaSK21 experienced a significant decrease.With regard to drought stress,five of the GSK3 genes(HaSK11,HaSK13,HaSK21,HaSK22,and HaSK33)experienced a remarkable rise in expression.When exposed to cold stress,seven of the GSK3 genes(HaSK11,HaSK12,HaSK13,HaSK32,HaSK33,HaSK41,and HaSK42)showed a substantial increase,whereas HaSK21 and HaSK23 had a sharp decline.This research is of great importance in understanding the abiotic resistance mechanism of sunflowers and developing new varieties with improved stress resistance.

Latent profile analysis of perceived stress and influencing factors in colorectal cancer patients

Objective:To understand the latent categories of perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients and analyze the characteristics of different categories of patients.Methods:A total of 255 colorectal cancer patients receiving treatment in the gastrointestinal surgery and oncology depar tments of a ter tiary Grade A hospital in Sichuan Province,from January 2023 to June 2023,were selected as the study subjects.General information questionnaire,Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),and Comprehensive Score Table for Patient-Repor ted Outcome Measures of Economic Toxicity(COST-PROM)were used for data collection.Results:Perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients was classified into 3 latent categories:C1“Low stress-stable type”(19.2%),C2“Moderate stress-uncontrolled type”(23.9%),and C3“High stress-anxious type”(56.9%).The average score of perceived stress was(34.07±5.08).Compared with C1 type,patients with a monthly household income of≤3000 RMB were more likely to belong to the C2 and C3 types(P<0.05),and patients without a stoma were less likely to belong to C3 type(P<0.05).Compared with C2 type,male patients were more likely to belong to C3 type(P<0.05),and patients without a stoma were less likely to belong to C3 type(P<0.05).Compared with C3 type,patients with higher economic toxicity scores were more likely to be classified into C1 and C2 types(P<0.05).Conclusions:Perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients exhibits distinct categorical features.Male gender,lower income,presence of a stoma,and higher economic toxicity are associated with higher levels of perceived stress in colorectal cancer patients.

Analysis of mechanical strengths of extreme line casing joint considering geometric, material, and contact nonlinearities

To address the challenges associated with difficult casing running,limited annular space,and poor cementing quality in the completion of ultra-deep wells,the extreme line casing offers an effective solution over conventional casings.However,due to its smaller size,the joint strength of extreme line casing is reduced,which may cause failure when running in the hole.To address this issue,this study focuses on the CST-ZTΦ139.7 mm×7.72 mm extreme line casing and employs the elastic-plastic mechanics to establish a comprehensive analysis of the casing joint,taking into account the influence of geometric and material nonlinearities.A finite element model is developed to analyze the forces and deformations of the extreme line casing joint under axial tension and external collapse load.The model investigates the stress distribution of each thread tooth subjected to various tensile forces and external pressures.Additionally,the tensile strength and crushing strength of the extreme line casing joint are determined through both analytical and experimental approaches.The findings reveal that,under axial tensile load,the bearing surface of each thread tooth experiences uneven stress,with relatively high equivalent stress at the root of each thread tooth.The end thread teeth are valuable spots for failure.It is observed that the critical fracture axial load of thread decreases linearly with the increase of thread tooth sequence.Under external pressure,the circumferential stress is highest at the small end of the external thread,leading to yield deformation.The tensile strength of the joint obtained from the finite element model exhibits a relative error of less than 7%compared to the analytical and experimental values,proving the reliability of the finite element model.The tensile strength of the joint is 3091.9 k N.Moreover,in terms of anti-collapse capability,the joints demonstrate higher resistance to collapse compared to the casing body,which is consistent with the test results where the pipe body experiences collapse and failure while the joints remain intact during the experiment.The failure load of the casing body under external collapse pressure is 87.4 MPa.The present study provides a basic understanding of the mechanical strengths of extreme line casing joint.

Unraveling links between aging,circadian rhythm and cancer:Insights from evidence-based analysis

Aging and circadian rhythms have been connected for decades,but their molecular interaction has remained unknown,especially for cancers.In this situation,we summarized the current research actuality and problems in this field using the bibliometric analysis.Publications in the PubMed and Web of Science databases were retrieved.Overall,there is a rising trend in the publication volume regarding aging and circadian rhythms in the field of cancer.Researchers from USA,Germany,Italy,China and England have greater studies than others.Top three publication institutions are University of California System,UDICE-French Research Universities and University of Texas System.Current research hotspots include oxidative stress,breast cancer,melatonin,cell cycle,calorie restriction,prostate cancer and NF-κB.In conclusion,results generated by bibliometric analysis indicate that many approaches involve in the complex interactions between aging and circadian rhythm in cancer.These established and emerging research directions guide our exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of aging and circadian rhythms in cancer and provide a reference for developing new research avenues.

Effect of boundary conditions on shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials

The determination of the ultimate load-bearing capacity of structures made of elastoplastic heterogeneous materials under varying loads is of great importance for engineering analysis and design. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the shakedown domains of these materials. The static shakedown theorem, also known as Melan's theorem, is a fundamental method used to predict the shakedown domains of structures and materials. Within this method, a key aspect lies in the construction and application of an appropriate self-equilibrium stress field(SSF). In the structural shakedown analysis, the SSF is typically constructed by governing equations that satisfy no external force(NEF) boundary conditions. However, we discover that directly applying these governing equations is not suitable for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials. Researchers must consider the requirements imposed by the Hill-Mandel condition for boundary conditions and the physical significance of representative volume elements(RVEs). This paper addresses this issue and demonstrates that the sizes of SSFs vary under different boundary conditions, such as uniform displacement boundary conditions(DBCs), uniform traction boundary conditions(TBCs), and periodic boundary conditions(PBCs). As a result, significant discrepancies arise in the predicted shakedown domain sizes of heterogeneous materials. Built on the demonstrated relationship between SSFs under different boundary conditions, this study explores the conservative relationships among different shakedown domains, and provides proof of the relationship between the elastic limit(EL) factors and the shakedown loading factors under the loading domain of two load vertices. By utilizing numerical examples, we highlight the conservatism present in certain results reported in the existing literature. Among the investigated boundary conditions, the obtained shakedown domain is the most conservative under TBCs.Conversely, utilizing PBCs to construct an SSF for the shakedown analysis leads to less conservative lower bounds, indicating that PBCs should be employed as the preferred boundary conditions for the shakedown analysis of heterogeneous materials.

AHermitian C^(2) Differential Reproducing Kernel Interpolation Meshless Method for the 3D Microstructure-Dependent Static Flexural Analysis of Simply Supported and Functionally Graded Microplates

This work develops a Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel interpolation meshless(DRKIM)method within the consistent couple stress theory(CCST)framework to study the three-dimensional(3D)microstructuredependent static flexural behavior of a functionally graded(FG)microplate subjected to mechanical loads and placed under full simple supports.In the formulation,we select the transverse stress and displacement components and their first-and second-order derivatives as primary variables.Then,we set up the differential reproducing conditions(DRCs)to obtain the shape functions of the Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel(DRK)interpolant’s derivatives without using direct differentiation.The interpolant’s shape function is combined with a primitive function that possesses Kronecker delta properties and an enrichment function that constituents DRCs.As a result,the primary variables and their first-and second-order derivatives satisfy the nodal interpolation properties.Subsequently,incorporating ourHermitianC^(2)DRKinterpolant intothe strong formof the3DCCST,we develop a DRKIM method to analyze the FG microplate’s 3D microstructure-dependent static flexural behavior.The Hermitian C^(2) DRKIM method is confirmed to be accurate and fast in its convergence rate by comparing the solutions it produces with the relevant 3D solutions available in the literature.Finally,the impact of essential factors on the transverse stresses,in-plane stresses,displacements,and couple stresses that are induced in the loaded microplate is examined.These factors include the length-to-thickness ratio,the material length-scale parameter,and the inhomogeneity index,which appear to be significant.

Static and Thermal Analysis of Aluminium (413,390,384 and 332) Piston Using Finite Element Method

The main objective of this research was to examine the suitability of aluminium alloy to design a piston of an internal combustion engine for improvement in weight and cost reduction. The piston was modelled using Autodesk Inventor 2017 software. The modelled piston was then imported into Ansys for further analysis. Static structural and thermal analysis were carried out on the pistons of the four different materials namely: Al 413 alloy, Al 384 alloy, Al 390 alloy and Al332 alloy to determine the total deformation, equivalent Von Mises stress, maximum shear stress, and the safety factor. The results of the study revealed that, aluminium 332 alloy piston deformed less compared to the deformations of aluminium 390 alloy piston, aluminium 384 alloy piston and aluminium 413 alloy piston. The induced Von Mises stresses in the pistons of the four different materials were found to be far lower than the yield strengths of all the materials. Hence, all the selected materials including the implementing material have equal properties to withstand the maximum gas load. All the selected materials were observed to have high thermal conductivity enough to be able to withstand the operating temperature in the engine cylinders.

Rate transient analysis methods for water-producing gas wells in tight reservoirs with mobile water

Tight gas reservoirs with mobile water exhibit multi-phase flow and high stress sensitivity.Accurately analyzing the reservoir and well parameters using conventional single-phase rate transient analysis methods proves challenging.This study introduces novel rate transient analysis methods incorporating evaluation processes based on the conventional flowing material balance method and the Blasingame type-curve method to examine fractured gas wells producing water.By positing a gas-water two-phase equivalent homogenous phase that considers characteristics of mobile water,gas,and high stress sensitivity,the conventional single-phase rate transient analysis methods can be applied by integrating the phase's characteristics and defining the phase's normalized parameters and material balance pseudotime.The rate transient analysis methods based on the equivalent homogenous phase can be used to quantitatively assess the parameters of wells and gas reservoirs,such as original gas-in-place,fracture half-length,reservoir permeability,and well drainage radius.This facilitates the analysis of production dynamics of fractured wells and well-controlled areas,subsequently aiding in locating residual gas and guiding the configuration of well patterns.The specific evaluation processes are detailed.Additionally,a numerical simulation mechanism model was constructed to verify the reliability of the developed methods.The methods introduced have been successfully implemented in field water-producing gas wells within tight gas reservoirs containing mobile water.

Stiffness and Shear Stress Distribution of Glulam Beams in Elastic-Plastic Stage:Theory,Experiments and Numerical Modelling

Traditional methods focus on the ultimate bending moment of glulam beams and the fracture failure of materials with defects,which usually depends on empirical parameters.There is no systematic theoretical method to predict the stiffness and shear distribution of glulam beams in elastic-plastic stage,and consequently,the failure of such glulam beams cannot be predicted effectively.To address these issues,an analytical method considering material nonlinearity was proposed for glulam beams,and the calculating equations of deflection and shear stress distribution for different failure modes were established.The proposed method was verified by experiments and numerical models under the corresponding conditions.Results showed that the theoretical calculations were in good agreement with experimental and numerical results,indicating that the equations proposed in this paper were reliable and accurate for such glulam beams with wood material in the elastic-plastic stage ignoring the influence of mechanic properties in radial and tangential directions of wood.Furthermore,the experimental results reported by the previous studies indicated that the method was applicable and could be used as a theoretical reference for predicting the failure of glulam beams.

Stability Analysis of Landfills Contained by Retaining Walls Using Continuous Stress Method

An analytical method for determining the stresses and deformations of landfills contained by retaining walls is proposed in this paper.In the proposedmethod,the sliding resisting normal and tangential stresses of the retaining wall and the stress field of the sliding body are obtained considering the differential stress equilibrium equations,boundary conditions,and macroscopic forces and moments applied to the system,assuming continuous stresses at the interface between the sliding body and the retaining wall.The solutions to determine stresses and deformations of landfills contained by retaining walls are obtained using the Duncan-Chang and Hooke constitutive models.A case study of a landfill in the Hubei Province in China is used to validate the proposed method.The theoretical stress results for a slope with a retaining wall are compared with FEMresults,and the proposed theoreticalmethod is found appropriate for calculating the stress field of a slope with a retaining wall.

Biological Analysis and Response to Low Phosphate Stress of Phosphate Transporter Family 1 (PHT1) Genes in Solanum tuberosum L.

Inorganic phosphate(Pi)is one of the main nutrients necessary for plant growth.Phosphate transporters mediate the acquisition,transport and recycling of phosphate,which is essential for plant growth and development.Although PHT1 has been reported in many plants at home and abroad,it is rarely studied in potato.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the PHT1 family members in order to understand the molecular response mechanism of potato in low phosphate state.In this study,a total of 6 potato PHT1 genes were identified and isolated.It was found that after the expression of different members of potato PHT1 gene,there were certain differences in amino acids and proteins,and the transmembrane domains ranged from 6 to 12.The difference in the secondary and tertiary protein structure of potato PHT1 also led to a difference in protein morphology.In addition,the expression of the PHT1 gene in potato increased obviously during 3~9 h of Pi deficiency stress.Overall,the expression levels of different genes in roots,stems and leaves are distinctly different,but the expression levels of the StPHT1;6 and StPHT1;10 genes are very high in roots,stems and leaves,indicating that these two genes may participate in the absorption of Pi in potato and play a role in Pi translocation.These two genes play a major role in the regulation of expression under short-term Pi deficiency stress.Our results provide an important reference for further understanding the evolution and function of potato phosphate transporters,and have important significance for improving the ability of potato to tolerate low Pi.

Near Crack Line Elastic-Plastic Analysis for an Infinite Plate Loaded by a Pair of Point Shear Forces

The near crack line analysis method was used to investigate a crack loaded by a pair of point shear forces in an infinite plate in an elastic-perfectly plastic solid. The analytical solution was obtained, that is the elastic-plastic fields near crack line and law that the length of the plastic zone along the crack line is varied with external loads. The results are sufficiently precise near the crack line and are not confined by small scale yielding conditions.

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the ＂strong wall and weak beam＂ principle.

Seismic elastic-plastic time history analysis and reliability study of quayside container crane

Quayside container crane is a kind of huge dimension steel structure,which is the major equipment used for handling container at modern ports.With the aim to validate the safety and reliability of the crane under seismic loads,besides conventional analysis,elastic-plastic time history analysis under rare seismic intensity is carried out.An ideal finite element（FEM） elastic-plastic mechanical model of the quayside container crane is presented by using ANSYS codes.Furthermore,according to elastic-plastic time history analysis theory,deformation,stress and damage pattern of the structure under rare seismic intensity are investigated.Based on the above analysis,the established reliability model according to the reliability theory,together with seismic reliability analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to practical analysis.The results show that the overall structure of the quayside container crane is generally unstable under rare seismic intensity,and the structure needs to be reinforced.

MIXED ENERGY METHOD FOR SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS AND ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF TRUSS STRUCTURES

A new algorithm for the solution of quadratic programming problemsis put forward in terms of the mixed energy theory and is furtherused for the incremental solution of elastic-plastic trussstructures. The method proposed is different from the traditionalone, for which the unknown variables are selected just in one classsuch as displacements or stresses. The present method selects thevariables in the mixed form with both displacement and stress. As themethod is established in the hybrid space, the information found inthe previous incremental step can be used for the solution of thepresent step, making the algorithm highly effi- cient in thenumerical solution process of quadratic programming problems. Theresults obtained in the exm- ples of the elastic-plastic solution ofthe truss structures verify what has been predicted in thetheoretical anal- ysis.

Analysis of the elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus

The elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus(H/E) were analyzed with the finite element method. And the indentation stress fields of materials with varying ratio H/E on the surface were studied by the experiment. The results show that the penetration depth, contact radius, plastic pile-up and the degree of elastic recovery depend strongly on the ratio H/E. Moreover, graphs were established to describe the relationship between the elastic-plastic indentation parameters and H/E. The established graphs can be used to predict the H/E of materials when compared with experimental data.

AN APPROACH TO THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLANE STRAIN MODE-I CRACK

This paper presents an approach to the solution of the approximate elastic-plastic analysis for the plane strain mode-1 crack.