An elasto-plastic and viscoplastic damage constitutive model for dilatancy and fracturing behavior of soft rock squeezing deformation

Soft rock squeezing deformation mainly consists of pre-peak damage-dilatancy and post-peak fracture-bulking at the excavation unloading instant,and creep-dilatancy caused by time-dependent damage and fracturing.Based on the classic elastoplastic and Perzyna over-stress viscoplastic theories,as well as triaxial unloading confining pressure test and triaxial unloading creep test results,an elastoplastic and viscoplastic damage constitutive model is established for the short-and long-term dilatancy and fracturing behavior of soft rock squeezing deformation.Firstly,the criteria for each deformation and failure stage are expressed as a linear function of confining pressure.Secondly,the total damage evolution equation considering time-dependent damage is proposed,including the initial damage produced at the excavation instant,in which the damage variable increases exponentially with the lateral strain,and creep damage.Thirdly,a transient five-stages elasto-plastic constitutive equation for the short-term deformation after excavation that comprised of elasticity,pre-peak damage-dilatancy,post-peak brittle-drop,linear strain-softening,and residual perfectly-plastic regimes is developed based on incremental elasto-plastic theory and the nonassociated flow rule.Fourthly,regarding the timedependent properties of soft rock,based on the Perzyna viscoplastic over-stress theory,a viscoplastic damage model is set up to capture creep damage and dilatancy behavior.Viscoplastic strain is produced when the stress exceeds the initial static yield surface fs;the distance between the static yield surface fs and the dynamic yield surface fd determines the viscoplastic strain rate.Finally,the established constitutive model is numerically implemented and field applied to the-848 m belt conveyer haulage roadway of Huainan Panyidong Coal Mine.Laboratory test results and in-situ monitoring results validate the rationality of the established constitutive model.The presented model takes both the transient and time-dependent damage and fracturing into consideration.

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE MODEL OF UNSATURATED EXPANSIVE SOIL AND ITS APPLICATION IN MULTI-FIELD COUPLE ANALYSIS ON EXPANSIVE SOIL SLOPE

Focused on the sensitivity to climate change and the special mechanical characteristics of undisturbed expansive soil, an elasto-plastic damage constitutive model was proposed based on the mechanics of unsaturated soil and the mechanics of damage. Undisturbed expansive soil was considered as a compound of non-damaged part and damaged part. The behavior of the non-damaged part was described using non-linear constitutive model of unsaturated soil. The property of the damaged part was described using a damage evolution equation and two yield surfaces, i.e., loading yield （LY） and shear yield （SY）. Furthermore, a consolidation model for unsaturated undisturbed expansive soil was established and a FEM program named UESEPDC was designed. Numerical analysis on solid-liquid-gas tri-phases and multi-field couple problem was conducted for four stages and fields of stress, displacement, pore water pressure, pore air pressure, water content, suction, and the damage region as well as plastic region in an expansive soil slope were obtained.

Nonlinear Micromechanical Modelling of Transverse Tensile Damage Behavior in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

The investigation focusing on the mechanical behaviors at the microstructural level in composite materials can provide valuable insight into the failure mechanisms at larger scales.A micromechanics damage model which comprises the coupling of the matrix constitutive model and the cohesive zone(CZM)model at fiber-matrix interfaces is presented to evaluate the transverse tensile damage behaviors of unidirectional(UD)fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)composites.For the polymeric matrix that exhibits highly non-linear mechanical responses,special focus is paid on the formulation of the constitutive model,which characterizes a mixture of elasticity,plasticity as well as damage.The proposed constitutive model includes the numerical implementation of a fracture plane based ellipse-parabola criterion that is an extension of the classic Mohr-Coulomb criterion,corresponding post-yield flow rule and post-failure degradation rule in the fully implicit integration scheme.The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements.It is found that directly using the matrix properties measured at the ply level to characterize the mechanical responses at the constituent level may bring large discrepancies in homogenized stress-strain responses and dominant failure mechanisms.The distribution of fracture plane angles in matrix is predicted,where it is shown to provide novel insight into the microscopic damage initiation and accumulation under transverse tension.

A coupled elasto-plastic-damage mechanical model for marble

A profound understanding of the mechanical behaviors of marble is very important for the design and construction of deep diversion tunnels in Jinping II hydropower station.In this paper,a coupled elasto-plastic-damage mechanical model is presented for Jinping marble.Firstly,the experimental investigations on Jinping marble are summarized.Then,based on the framework of continuum damage and plastic theories,a general mechanical model is proposed to predict the mechanical responses of Jinping marble.The proposed model is used to simulate the triaxial compressive tests,and there is a general good agreement between experimental data and numerical predictions in a qualitative manner.The proposed model is able to capture the main features of Jinping marble observed in experiments,such as progressive yielding process,damage induced by plastic distortion,dilation,elastic degradation and stress sensitivity.

An Elasto-plastic Damage Constitutive Theory Based on Pair Functional Potentials and Slip Mechanism

The deformation work rate can be expressed by the time rate of pair functional potentials which describe the energy of materi- als in terms of atomic bonds and atom embedding interactions. According to Cauchy-Born rule, the relations between the micro- scopic deformations of atomic bonds and electron gas and macroscopic deformation are established. Further, atomic bonds are grouped according to their directions, and atomic bonds in the same direction are simplified as a spring-bundle component. Atom embedding interactions in unit reference volume are simplified as a cubage component. Consequently, a material model com- posed of spring-bundle components and a cubage component is established. Since the essence of damage is the decrease and loss of atomic bonding forces, the damage effect can be reflected by the response functions of these two kinds of components. For- mulating the mechanical responses of two kinds of components, the corresponding elasto-damage constitutive equations are de- rived. Considering that slip is the main plastic deformation mechanism of polycrystalline metals, the slip systems of crystal are extended to polycrystalline, and the slip components are proposed to describe the plastic deformation. Based on the decomposition of deformation gradient and combining the plastic response with the elasto-damage one, the elasto-plastic damage constitutive equations are derived. As a result, a material model iormulated with spring-bundle components, a cubage component and slip components is established. Different from phenomenological constitutive theories, the mechanical property of materials depends on the property of components rather than that directly obtained on the representative volume element. The effect of finite deformation is taken into account in this model. Parameter calibration procedure and the basic characteristics of this model are discussed.

混凝土弹塑性损伤帽盖模型参数确定研究

基于连续损伤力学和塑性力学理论形成的弹塑性损伤帽盖模型是一个高级混凝土本构关系模型,但模型涉及的参数过多却给运用造成了不便。对模型参数进行详细解释基础上,采用已有的混凝土材料试验数据给出了其子午线强度参数、帽盖参数、脆性损伤和延性损伤参数取值,大大方便了工程运用。最后以单轴拉伸和单轴压缩为例数值演示了模型基本力学特性。

钢筋混凝土梁冲击试验数值模拟研究

采用弹塑性损伤帽盖模型对筋混凝土梁冲击试验进行了数值模拟,数值模拟得到的碰撞力、梁体跨中挠度以及梁体破坏状况与实验情况吻合较好。在此基础上讨论了混凝土材料应变软化段、描述塑性体积的帽盖面、强度准则子午线形状、偏平面形状以及钢筋混凝土结构建模方式对冲击数值模拟的影响。

钢筋混凝土梁桥船舶撞击连续倒塌数值模拟

详细介绍了钢筋混凝土桥梁船撞倒塌模拟涉及的材料模型和单元失效指标等问题,建立某连续梁上部、下部结构、支座和船舶结构精细有限元模型,将弹塑性损伤帽盖模型用于混凝土,弹塑性随动强化模型用于钢筋,对船舶撞击钢筋混凝土连续梁引起的结构连续倒塌过程进行了数值模拟,揭示了连续梁桥结构的船撞倒塌机理。

Boom黏土热-力耦合弹塑性损伤模型研究

黏土的热-力耦合本构模型研究在许多工程领域,尤其是核废料地下处置方面有着十分重要的工程意义。根据Boom黏土的在不同温度下的三轴与固结试验的结果,综合考虑了温度对黏土的强度与弹性模量的影响,在Drucker-Prager(简称D-P)帽盖模型的基础上,引入了硬化方程和热损伤、力学损伤的演化方程,建立了适用于黏土的热-力耦合弹塑性损伤本构模型。将模型在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发,根据试验结果反演得到了Boom黏土的模型参数。利用所建立的本构模型,对比利时HADES试验室中的ATLAS III现场试验进行了数值仿真,计算结果表明,模型的计算结果与现场实测的结果能较好地吻合,证明了模型的合理性。

泥岩各向异性热-水-力耦合特性——基于ATLAS Ⅲ现场加热试验

比利时放射性核废料地质备选场址Boom clay是一种典型的横观各向同性材料,在Drucker-Prager帽盖模型的基础上,构建了适用于Boom clay的横观各向同性特点的热-水-力耦合弹塑性本构模型,该模型可反映温度对其强度、弹性模量、渗透性等的影响,并在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发。为验证所建立模型的合理性,结合比利时HADES地下实验室ATLAS Ⅲ现场加热试验结果,应用所提出的模型对加热过程中围岩的温度和孔隙水压力的变化规律进行了数值仿真分析。结果表明:所建立的模型能够正确地描述现场加热试验过程中围岩温度场和孔压场所呈现出的各向异性特征,主要表现为热源水平面内测点的孔压在加热功率升高时先略为下降后才升高,在加热功率下降时先略为升高后才下降,而竖直面内测点的孔压在加热功率升高时立即升高,在加热功率下降时立即下降。研究成果表明,考虑各向异性的THM耦合分析能更好地反映加热过程中泥岩温度场和孔压场的实际分布情况,研究结果对类似工程或现场试验的设计、安全运行提供重要的决策依据。

碰撞条件下常用混凝土模型比较

通过数值试验分析Holmquist-Johnson-Cook(HJC),Concrete-Damage(DAM)和Kinematic-Hardening-Cap(KHC)等常用混凝土模型在侧向撞击、单轴压缩和单轴拉伸条件下的响应特征,研究各模型对碰撞情形的适应性.结果发现:对于侧撞,当撞击速度不大时,各模型所得撞击力结果基本一致;DAM模型因不能有效控制拉伸体积变形可能造成位移过大;HJC模型能较好地考虑应变率效应,预测的单轴动态压缩强度与实际强度较为符合;HJC和KHC模型没有考虑拉伸和压缩子午线的区别,HJC预测的拉应力可能严重偏离其材料强度,而KHC模型在极限状态下很容易发散,无法预测正确结果.

弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟

针对厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻时的毁伤特性,基于混凝土连续帽盖模型(concrete continuous cap model,CSCM)和共节点耦合建模方法对弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的毁伤行为进行数值模拟,分析钢筋混凝土靶的损伤分布特性、钢筋结构对混凝土的约束作用。结果表明:高速侵彻时,延性损伤体现在混凝土内部,脆性损伤更多体现在混凝土外部表层,钢筋网能较大程度地约束混凝土延性损伤的扩展;增加竖筋的配置,可预防厚钢筋混凝土靶沿钢筋层产生层断脱离破坏,从而提高钢筋混凝土的抗弹性能;钢筋混凝土迎弹面的崩落面积随侵彻速度增加而增大,首层钢筋越接近表面,约束效果越好。可见,混凝土连续帽盖模型和共节点耦合建模方法能较好地模拟厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻作用下的毁伤特性。

常见动态混凝土材料模型基本力学特征对比分析

材料本构模型的选择和使用,一直是制约混凝土构件动态损伤模拟技术发展的重要因素之一。基于通用有限元软件LS-DYNA,对其中2种常用的混凝土材料模型(混凝土损伤模型和混凝土连续面盖帽模型)的基本力学行为进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,混凝土损伤模型和连续面盖帽模型在基本应力应变关系、网格敏感性和应变率效应等方面均存在明显的差异。因此,采用这些材料模型进行有限元分析时,必须经过严格的试验验证,特别是在模型校正和后续参数分析时,应采用相同或相近的网格尺寸,以消除网格敏感性的影响。

钢筋混凝土双柱墩滞回性能数值模拟与分析

为了探究地震作用下钢筋混凝土双柱墩的力学性能及其影响因素,在详细阐述弹塑性损伤帽盖模型的基础上,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了钢筋混凝土双柱墩精细有限元数值模型,并基于正交试验设计原理,采用低周反复加载制度,进行了不同轴压比、配筋率、配箍率、混凝土强度的钢筋混凝土双柱墩滞回性能的数值模拟实验.计算结果表明:该精细有限元模型能够很好地模拟钢筋混凝土双柱墩的滞回性能;双柱墩的配筋率对其最大抗力与延性能力2个指标的影响最为显著;轴压比与混凝土强度对这2个指标的影响较大;配箍率在超过一定数值后,对这2个指标的影响较小.

Analytical solutions of stress and displacement in strain softening rock mass around a newly formed cavity

The closed form solutions of the stress and displacement in strain softening rock mass around a newly formed cavity are derived with a three step-wise elasto-plastic model. Hoek-Brown criterion is adopted as the yielding criterion of rock mass. Damage factors are proposed to account for degradation of the material parameters to reflect the degree of strain softening. The surrounding rock mass around the cavity is divided into three regions: elastic region, strain softening region and residual state region. The analytical solutions of stress, strain, displacement and radius of each region are obtained. The effects of the strain softening and shear dilatancy behavior on the results are investigated with parametric studies. The results show that the radii of the residual state region and strain softening region in the surrounding rock mass with higher damage degree are larger. The radii of the residual state region and strain softening region are 1-2 times and 1.5-3 times of the cavity radius, respectively. The radial and tangential stresses decrease with the increase of the damage factor. The displacement of the cavity wall for the case with maximum plastic bulk strain is nearly twice than that with no dilation. Rock mass moves more toward the center for the case with larger damage factor and shear dilation. The area of the plastic region is larger when the damage factors are considered. The displacements in the surrounding rock mass increase with the increase of the damage factors and shear dilation factors. The solutions can be applied to the stability analysis and support design of the underground excavation.

混凝上倒T形盖梁疲劳过程模拟

引入一类双标量弹性疲劳损伤本构模型,对桥梁工程中常见的倒T形盖梁进行疲劳全过程分析。该模型采用受拉损伤内变量和受压损伤内变量来描述微观受拉和受压损伤机制对混凝土宏观力学性能劣化的影响,并根据有效应力空间的热力学原理确立了疲劳损伤的演化法则。通过将疲劳损伤本构模型与非线性有限元分析方法相结合,可以精细预测混凝土倒T形盖梁在疲劳荷载作用下的非线性行为,尤其是疲劳加载过程中裂缝的产生和扩展过程,为实际工程的疲劳分析和设计提供了依据。

深水高桩承台基础损伤分析模型研究

深水高桩承台基础结构柔,长期处于深水激流恶劣工作环境中,对其进行准确而有效的损伤分析非常重要。首先对深水高桩承台基础受力变形特征进行分析,找出单桩损伤与弯矩曲率的关系,在Park-Ang的双参数损伤模型基础上建立了适用于深水高桩承台基础损伤曲率模型,并给出5种损伤程度的定量描述;应用美国加州大学伯克利分校的钢筋混凝土试件损伤模型试验结果进行分析和比对,验证了损伤曲率模型的损伤程度划分是符合桩基实际受力变形损伤的,最后通过工程实例的实践应用验证了损伤曲率模型的可行性和工程适用性。

冲击爆炸荷载作用下混凝土材料两类弹塑性损伤本构模型的对比分析

冲击爆炸荷载作用下,混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型包含流体弹塑性模型和帽盖弹塑性模型。就本构理论而言,这两类模型在偏应力模型、压力-体应变关系和损伤模型三个方面存在本质的区别。模拟混凝土结构在不同荷载作用下的动力响应时,了解不同本构模型的特点并选择合适的模型进行数值模拟是获得合理预测结果的先决条件。文章探讨了这两类弹塑性模型的本构理论区别并给出两类模型的适用条件。选取弹体低速侵彻混凝土薄板和弹体高速侵彻混凝土厚板两个算例对两类弹塑性模型进行比较,结果表明,弹体低速侵彻下,两类模型预测结果接近并且均与试验结果吻合;弹体高速侵彻下,流体弹塑性模型预测结果与试验结果吻合,而帽盖弹塑性模型预测结果与试验结果差别很大。这一结果表明,在冲击荷载作用下,流体弹塑性模型可适用于低压力到高压力的不同情况,而帽盖弹塑性模型只适用于较低压力(约1GPa),不适用于高压力如弹体高速侵彻的情况。

冻融循环下考虑塑性损伤演化的饱和岩石本构模型

针对冻融循环下饱和岩石,提出冻融损伤与岩石基质受载塑性损伤耦合的损伤变量计算方法。之后基于修正Drucker-Prager帽盖屈服准则,推导出考虑岩石基质塑性损伤演化的本构模型,而后考虑冻融对岩石力学性能的劣化作用,建立了冻融循环下考虑塑性损伤演化的饱和岩石本构模型。最后采用冻融循环下花岗岩单轴压缩实验结果对所提模型进行了验证。结果表明:(1)冻融循环会造成岩石的初始损伤,且初始损伤随冻融循环次数的增大而增大;(2)岩石基质受载损伤与冻融损伤两者耦合,会增大试件的损伤程度,进而加速岩石力学参数的劣化;(3)模型预测岩石单轴抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增大而降低,理论值与实验值吻合良好,证明了该模型的有效性。

桥梁在役桩的竖向动力响应特性及损伤识别研究

基于ANSYS LS-DYNA建立桥梁的墩-承台-桩-土有限元显式动力学模型,模拟桥梁的桩基础在承台上表面施加冲击荷载后完整桩和有断裂缺陷桩的竖向速度响应,分六桩-承台和八桩-承台两种桩基础进行数值计算。结果表明:在所要检测的基桩对应的承台上表面施加冲击力,产生的应力波通过承台到达下方的基桩后沿桩身向下传播,类似于低应变反射波法测桩的原理,应力波在到达桩底桩土交界面或者断裂面等阻抗变化较大处会发生应力波反射,在桩头处的竖向速度响应波形曲线中能识别出反射回的应力波,进而判别桩是完整还是存在断裂损伤;数值计算同时记录承台表面的竖向速度响应,发现承台表面的竖向速度响应波形比桩头处的竖向速度响应波形由于应力波在桩承台界面的多次反射而更加复杂,难以准确判断反射波。