Elastoplastic 3D Deformation and Stress Analysis of Strip Rolling

An elastoplastic method for analyzing the 3D deformation, stress and transverse distribution of tension stress during cold strip rolling is developed. The analysis is based on the elastoplastic variational principle in which a kinematically admissible velocity field is constructed with the lateral flow function as an unknown function. The stress distribution and volume strain distribution are obtained by solving the simultaneous equations formed by the longitudinal differential equation of equilibrium and constitutive equations. The lateral flow function is determined by minimizing the total energy dissipation rate. Experimental investigation was carried out on a reversible cold mill. The front tension stress distributions in cold rolled strips were measured by a multi roll segmented tension sensing shapemeter. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured ones.

A FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR STRESS ANALYSIS OR ELASTOPLASTIC BODY WITH POLYGONAL LINE STRAIN——HARDENING

In this paper, the stress-strain curve of material is fitted by polygonal line composed of three lines. According to the theory of proportional loading in elastoplasticity, we simplify the complete stress-strain relations, which are given by the increment theory of elastoplasticity. Thus, the finite element equation with the solution of displacement is derived. The assemblage elastoplastic stiffness matrix can be obtained by adding something to the elastic matrix, hence it will shorten the computing time. The determination of every loading increment follows the von Mises yield criteria. The iterative method is used in computation. It omits the redecomposition of the assemblage stiffness matrix and it will step further to shorten the computing time. Illustrations are given to the high-order element application departure from proportional loading, the computation of unloading fitting to the curve and the problem of load estimation.

General displacement arch-cantilever element method for stress analysis of arch dam

Based on the general displacement method and the basic hypothesis of the trial load method, a new advanced trial load method, the general displacement arch-cantilever element method, was proposed to derive the transformation relation of displacements and loads between the surface nodes and middle plane nodes. This method considers the nodes on upstream and downstream surfaces of the arch dam to be exit nodes （master nodes）, and the middle plane nodes to be slave nodes. According to the derived displacement and load transformation matrices, the equilibrium equation treating the displacement of middle plane nodes as a basic unknown variable is transformed into one that treats the displacement of upstream and downstream nodes as a basic unknown variable. Because the surface nodes have only three degrees of freedom （DOF）, this method can be directly coupled with the finite element method （FEM）, which is used for foundation simulation to analyze the stress of the arch dam with consideration of dam-foundation interaction. Moreover, using the FEM, the nodal load of the arch dam can be easily obtained. Case studies of a typical cylindrical arch dam and the Wudongde arch dam demonstrate the robustness and feasibility of the proposed method.

RECENT PROGRESS IN STRESS ANALYSIS OF TUBULAR JOINTS OF OFFSHORE PLATFORMS IN CHINA

The recent research achievements on stress analysis of tubular joints in China are presented in this paper. Both theoretical analysis and experimental research on the elastic, elasto-plastic and rigid-plastic behavior of tubular joints are investigated.

Stress and Displacement Distribution of Soft Clay Slope with 2D and 3D Elastoplastic Finite Element Method

Based on elastoplastic model, 2D and 3D finite element method （FEM） are used to calculate the stress and displacement distribution in the soft clay slope under gravity and uniform load at the slope top. Stability analyses indicate that 3D boundary effect varies with the stress level of the slope. When the slope is stable, end effect of 3D space is not remarkable. When the stability decreases, end effect occurs; when the slope is at limit state, end effect reaches maximum. The energy causing slope failure spreads preferentially along y-z section, and when the failure resistance capability reaches the limit state, the energy can extend along x-axis direction. The 3D effect of the slope under uniform load on the top is related to the ratio of load influence width to slope height, and the effect is remarkable with the decrease of the ratio.

Generational Mean Analysis of Salt Tolerance during Osmotic Phase in Maize Seedling

This study details the nature and magnitude of the genetic effects associated with various quantitative characters (morphological and hydric relations) measured in maize seedlings during the osmotic phase of saline stress (100 mM NaCl). Three lines with differential behavior in salt stress: SC2 (tolerant), AFE (susceptible) and LP3 (moderately tolerant) were used to obtain contrasting crosses (SC2 × AFE) and (SC2 × LP3). An analysis of six generational means (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) was applied for each cross. First a scaling test was applied and then a three and six-parameter genetic models were used to estimate various genetic components. In none of the traits studied there was evidence of adequacy to the three parameter model, which indicates important epistatic effects in genetic expression. The dominant genetic effects were greater than the additive ones for all the characters evaluated. LG showed positive and significant differences for [h] in both crosses, indicating the presence of hybrid vigor and its possible use in the improvement. Low value of [d] and high of [h] both significant in SC2 × AFE, indicates existence of genes dispersion between the parental lines. While, for the cross SC2 × LP3, the low and significant value of [d] and not significant value of [h], indicate greater genetic similarity. In the SC2 × LP3 cross, the negative interaction [l] confirms ambidirectional dominance, while for SC2 × LP3 the positive sign indicates directional dominance. The analysis of tolerance to salinity in the osmotic phase showed a complex polygenic inheritance for the traits used, determined by simple and interaction effects of different magnitudes and significance according to the cross considered.

FUNDAMENTAL OF DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BLAST-RESISTANT UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES

In this paper, the generalized variational principle of dynamic analysis for the blast-resistant underground structures is established, and the corresponding generalized functional of elastoplastic analysis for underground structures is derived, and the generalized variational principle of nonconservative system is given, thus the fundamental of dynamical analysis for underground structures to resist blast is proposed. Finally, for the underground cylindrical structure to resist blast, dynamical calculations are made, and compared with the test results.

A study on boundary integral equations for dynamic elastoplastic analysis for the plane problem by TD-BEM

The equivalent stress fundamental solution for the elastoplastic dynamic plane strain problem is proposed to transform the virtual work in the third direction to the plane.Subsequently,based on Betti reciprocal theorem,by adopting the time dependent fundamental solutions in terms of displacement,traction and equivalent stress,the boundary integral equations for dynamic elastoplastic analysis for the plane strain problem are established.The establishment procedures for the displacement and the stress boundary integral equations,together with the stress equation at boundary points,are presented in details,while the standard discretization both in time and space under the frame of time domain boundary element method(TD-BEM)and the solution of the algebraic equations are also briefly stated.Two verification examples are presented from different viewpoints,for elastic and elastoplastic analysis,for 1-D and 2-D geometries,and for finite and infinite domains.The TD-BEM formulation for dynamic elastoplastic analysis is presented for the plane strain problem as an example,where the formulation is also applicable for the plane stress problem by properly transforming the elastic constants and adopting the corresponding fundamental solutions.

基于Hoek-Brown准则的岩体高温-荷载耦合损伤模型及其验证

针对隧道岩体在高温和荷载共同作用下产生的耦合损伤问题,基于连续损伤力学理论,引入高温-荷载耦合损伤因子,建立了考虑高温作用的广义Hoek-Brown(H-B)准则的弹塑性损伤本构模型,解决了模型在数值积分过程中的奇异点问题,并利用Fortran语言编写了模型的有限元程序。结果表明:模型计算的应力-应变曲线与试验所得到的曲线趋势一致且计算结果误差在5%以内,温度作用下隧洞围岩损伤逐渐加剧,验证了模型的准确性和程序的稳健性,可为火灾作用下隧道围岩安全稳定性评价提供一种有效计算方法。

热流固耦合下不同载荷对光热熔盐泵转子运行稳定性的影响

光热电站熔盐泵转子系统由于其自身结构及外部载荷激励,在极端运行工况下难以维持运行稳定性。针对该问题建立有限元模型,分析了温度载荷、流场力载荷、离心力载荷等对熔盐泵转子的应力变形规律;设置4种不同轴段长度的转子模型,分析不同转子模态振型、固有频率以及临界转速等动力学特性。研究发现:转子结构中最大等效应力出现在首级叶轮叶片进口与前盖板交界处,最大变形出现在首级叶轮前盖板尾缘处,流场载荷与质量力载荷使应力与变形在叶轮上大致呈现中心对称分布,温度载荷使得叶轮产生较大的形变;对首级叶轮进行强度校核后,所选材料满足结构强度要求。模型转子的固有频率随中间轴段长度的增加而降低,湿态转子模型的固有频率略低于干态固有频率;其他转子的一阶临界转速均小于转子的设计转速,只有A9转子的临界转速满足±10%安全裕度,不易在运行过程中发生共振。研究结果对于该类型泵安全稳定运行以及在能源应用等领域具有重要的指导意义。

桩撑式支护基坑通用弹性地基梁分析法

弹性地基梁法常用于模拟分析桩撑(锚)式支护基坑在开挖、设撑等施工工况中变形和受力的变化。目前利用该方法对某工况基坑分析时,首先要将整个支护桩在支撑处划分为若干个桩段,然后利用相邻桩段交界处的位移连续条件和受力平衡条件,推导出相应的待定参数方程,之后再利用求出的待定参数分析支护体系(基坑)的变形和受力。由于不同施工工况对应的支撑数和桩段数不同,因此该方法必须根据不同工况重新推导各自的参数方程,从而导致计算过程繁杂,难以形成通用计算公式和方法,也不易编程等问题。通过将支撑与桩段归纳为3种基本连接形式(即支撑分别相连于桩顶、相邻两桩段之间和坑底),本文建立了相邻两个桩段间待定参数的递推公式,进而推导出了适用于内支撑和锚索支撑形式、任意支撑道数、开挖或设撑工况的通用待定参数方程。该方程仅含4个参数,远少于现有方法且易于求解。文中算例结果验证了本文方法的合理性和可行性。

卸载状态下非均质圆形寒区隧道围岩弹塑性统一解

以统一强度理论作为卸载状态下寒区隧道冻结围岩屈服准则,综合考虑围岩非均质特性和中间主应力效应对冻结围岩强度影响,建立寒区隧道应力位移弹塑性力学模型,联合各区域边界条件,计算获得冻结围岩均质与非均质状态下,弹性解、塑性统一解以及塑性区半径的隐式方程,分别对其应力位移场讨论分析。研究表明:考虑冻结围岩的非均质特性,塑性区环向应力峰值增大40%,塑性区范围相对减少40.4%,内壁位移减少9.3%,弹性极限承载力提高41%,塑性极限承载力提高14%,影响显著。中间主应力效应能充分发挥非均质冻结围岩承载潜能,计算得到的承载力明显增大,塑性半径明显减小。所得结果可为寒区隧道开挖支护设计以及数值模拟,提供理论指导。

高心墙堆石坝材料本构模型计算的适用性研究

为研究不同材料本构模型对高心墙堆石坝应力、变形计算的适用性,以RM 300 m级高心墙堆石坝堆石料的室内试验成果为基础,分别对邓肯E-B模型、沈珠江双屈服面模型及MPZG模型进行材料本构验证和坝体有限元分析。研究结果表明:3种模型均能较好地表现堆石料三轴路径下的应力响应,而邓肯EB模型在低围压下体积响应表现效果欠佳;3种模型计算的坝体应力、变形分布均符合一般规律,应力相近,但变形计算中邓肯E-B模型得到的沉降与顺河向位移均较大;在高心墙堆石坝建设初期,可采用邓肯E-B模型进行早期分析,后期宜采用沈珠江双屈服面模型、MPZG模型等进行决策评价。

苏州太仓阿尔卑斯雪世界超限高层结构设计

苏州太仓阿尔卑斯雪世界结构形式为钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用平面桁架体系。存在扭转不规则、楼板不连续、偏心率大于0.15、错层等不规则项,为超限高层建筑。对基础形式、结构体系、荷载取值、性能目标等进行了介绍,并采用YJK、PMSAP、MIDAS Gen三种软件进行了弹性计算,应用Paco-Sap软件进行动力弹塑性分析;阐述了雪场结构设计中的关键问题,如层间位移角、长短柱、桁架关键节点、温度荷载等。计算结果表明,结构的周期比、层间位移角等指标均满足规范要求。采用性能化设计和动力弹塑性分析方法实现结构和构件在中震和大震作用下的既定性能目标,并对结构关键部位和构件采取了针对性的加强措施。

包头奥运冰雪中心结构设计

包头奥运冰雪中心属于超限高层建筑,下部混凝土部分为框架结构体系,局部大跨度楼盖采用双向交叉平面桁架体系,屋盖采用立体桁架。各层空间关系较为复杂,具有扭转不规则、楼板不连续、结构超长、错层等特点。结构设计采用基于性能的抗震设计方法,采用YJK、PMSAP和MIDAS Gen进行弹性分析和比较,应用Paco-spa软件进行动力弹塑性分析。此外,对大跨度楼盖的舒适度、钢结构楼屋盖的整体稳定性、关键节点、楼屋盖的防倒塌能力以及超长结构的温度应力、薄弱楼板应力进行了专门分析。并根据分析结果对结构的关键部位和构件采取针对性的加强措施。计算结果表明,结构的各项指标满足规范和既定抗震性能目标要求,结构设计合理、安全可行。

某大底盘双塔楼偏置超限高层建筑结构设计与分析

以某城市综合体实际工程为背景,研究扭转不规则等超限工程的破坏机理和应对措施,并基于抗震性能提出工程设计方法。该工程为大底盘双塔楼偏置超长复杂高层建筑,存在扭转不规则、楼板不连续、竖向体型收进、局部穿层柱、双塔楼结构及塔楼偏置等不规则项,采用基于动力非线性性能的抗震设计方法,利用多种软件进行了小震下的反应谱分析和弹性动力时程分析、中震弹性和不屈服的承载力复核,以及大震下的弹塑性动力时程分析。结果表明:该结构抗震性能良好,结构体系合理可行,能够达到小震弹性、中震可修、大震不倒的抗震性能目标。由于该结构超长,通过温度作用间接效应分析,计算超长结构在温度影响下产生的温度应力,并根据温度应力计算配筋,与结构荷载效应组合,解决了超长混凝土结构温度应力影响等问题。

汽轮发电机组轴系扭振危险截面分析

汽轮发电机组轴系的危险截面是轴系扭振安全性分析的重要研究对象。现有研究多通过求解轴系扭振固有特性和故障响应分析危险截面,难以快速或全面得出轴系危险截面位置。以某600 MW汽轮发电机组轴系为研究对象,基于轴系模型参数和圆轴受扭计算方法,计算轴系各轴段的扭振特性,得到机组轴系扭振危险截面位置;通过有限元仿真机组轴系扭振共振特性,得到机组轴系共振危险截面,验证了理论计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明:通过理论计算和仿真分析机组轴系扭振特性得出的轴系危险截面基本一致,机组轴系扭振危险截面在各转子轴颈及联轴器部位,在扭振分析中也要格外关注机组轴系末端外径较小位置扭振响应。

基于收敛——约束法的剪胀——软化型隧道围岩——支护结构相互作用

目前的隧道围岩支护结构计算方法未能很好地同时考虑围岩剪胀及软化特性和中间主应力的共同影响。首先介绍了考虑岩石剪胀及软化效应的隧道围岩力学模型及考虑中间主应力的广义SMP强度准则。而后,根据收敛—约束法中隧道纵向变形曲线、围岩特征曲线、支护特征曲线的相互关系,建立了能够同时考虑隧道围岩剪胀及软化特性和中间主应力影响的隧道围岩—支护结构相互作用力学模型,并验证了其合理性。最后,采用敏感性分析分别探讨了地应力参数、支护结构参数和岩石参数对围岩最终位移、支护结构最终支护力及变形量的影响。结果表明:地应力的增加将导致围岩变形及塑性区增大,所需支护力增加。中间主应力系数对计算结果有较大影响,应予以考虑;支护结构弹性模量的增加可以提高支护力,并大幅度减少围岩和支护结构变形;岩石弹性模量及临界软化系数的增加可以降低围岩变形及支护结构受力。

某超限高层剪力墙结构分析与设计

8度区某办公楼项目采用剪力墙结构体系,房屋总高度143.7m,存在两项超限,分别为高度超限和第四层刚度突变。设计时在保证超限结构满足现行规范要求的同时,还要使结构两个方向的动力特性相近。选用YJK和Midas-building软件对结构进行计算,计算内容包括多遇地震反应谱分析、多遇地震弹性时程分析、设防地震下墙肢名义拉应力验算、罕遇地震弹塑性时程分析。并对结构关键部位进行了剪力墙模型以及实体单元模型的补充验算,保证了结构设计的可靠性。结果表明:通过合理的结构平面布置,提高了结构效率,使结构在多遇地震和罕遇地震作用下都能保证良好的抗震性能,安全可行。

广州某超限高层住宅楼结构设计

某工程位于广州市黄埔区,为剪力墙结构超限高层住宅,高度为140.45m,主体结构为高度超限且存在凹凸不规则、扭转不规则等不规则项。为分析结构的抗震性能,通过进行合理的结构布置,采用多种软件进行结构分析,并针对结构细节进行专项设计,提出相应的构造加强措施。分析结果表明,结构各项指标均满足要求,能达到相应的性能目标要求,结构方案可行且安全;通过拉应力分析加强剪力墙边缘构件配筋,通过压弯分析保证一字型剪力墙承载力满足要求,通过顶板高差处理、全混凝土外墙设计保证地震力较好传递。