Protective effect of sevoflurane on lung function of elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common respiratory disorder that affects the elderly population and increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)after major surgeries.Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and attenuate lung injury in animal models.AIM To evaluate the protective effect of sevoflurane on the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty(THA).METHODS In this randomized controlled trial,we randomly assigned 120 elderly patients with COPD,who were scheduled for THA,to receive either sevoflurane(sevoflurane group)or propofol(propofol group)as the maintenance anesthetic.The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs within seven days after surgery.The secondary outcomes were changes in the lung function parameters,inflammatory markers,oxidative stress markers,and postoperative pain scores.RESULTS The results showed that the incidence of PPCs was significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group(10%vs 25%,P=0.02).Furthermore,the decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s,forced vital capacity,and peak expiratory flow was significantly lesser in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h and 48 h after surgery(P<0.05).The interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,malondialdehyde,and 8-hydroxy-2α-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).The sevoflurane group showed significantly lower postoperative pain scores than the propofol group at 6 h,12 h,and 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Sevoflurane protects the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing THA under general anesthesia by reducing the incidence of PPCs,attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses,and alleviating postoperative pain.

Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was sent to forest, and the other was sent to an urban area as control. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation were performed. In the forest group,

Effect of Family Nutrition Therapy on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:The aim of the study was to explore the influence of family enteral nutrition support on nutritional status,lung function,activity tolerance and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in stable stage and malnutrition.Methods:A prospective observational study of COPD and malnutrition in the geriatric department of our hospital,control group(n=82)and intervention group n=82).The control group was treated with conventional diet,and the intervention group was treated with conventional diet and enteral nutrition suspension.One month later,observe the nutrition indicators,lung function,exercise tolerance and quality of life.Results:(1)BMI and ALB were higher than control group(t=10.465,6.189,P<0.05),TP and Hb had no change,(t=1.310,1.302,P>0.05).(2)FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1%were higher than control group(t=11.999,19.654,13.418,16.924,P<0.05).(3)the quality of life symptom score,activity score,influence score and total score were lower than control group(t=15.303,6.773,23.600,14.766,P<0.05),and 6MWT were higher than control group(t=111.962,P<0.05).Conclusion:Oral enteral nutritioncan improve the nutritional status,lung function,activity tolerance and quality of life of elderly patients with COPD in stable stage and malnutrition.It can be a early,safe and effective nutritional support strategy for COPD patients with malnutrition。

Transitional care interventions to reduce readmission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective：To objectively assess the effect of transitional care on readmission for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods：The PubMed,Science Direct,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials（RCTs） published from January 1990 through April 2016.The quality of eligible studies was assessed by two investigators.The primary outcome assessed was readmission for COPD and all-cause readmission.The pooled effect sizes were expressed as the relative risk and standard mean difference with 95%confidence intervals.Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions（Version5.1.0） and determined with an I^2 statistic.Results：A total of seven RCTs that included 1879 participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed.The results of subgroup analysis showed significant differences in readmission for COPD at the6 month and 18 month time points and all-cause readmission at the 18 month follow-up.Transitional care could reduce readmission for COPD at the 6 month[RR = 0.51,95%CI（0.38,0.68）,P 〈 0.00001]and18 month time points[RR = 0.56,95%CI（0.45,0.69）,P 〈 0.00001,and also reduce all-cause readmission after 18 months[RR = 0.72,95%CI（0.62,0.84）,P 〈 0.0001].The reduction of all-cause readmission between the intervention and control groups in the 2nd year,however,was less than that in the 1st year.Conclusions：Transitional care is beneficial to reducing readmission for patients with COPD.Duration of≥ 6 and ≤ 18 months are more effective,and the effect weakens over intervention time,especially after the end of intervention.Both durations point to the importance of ongoing intervention and reinforcement after the end of intervention.

Early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Beyond spirometry

The significant healthcare burden associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is driving us to improve our understanding of the natural history of this disease. Historically, the focus has been largely centred on diagnosing and treating individuals with moderate and severe disease. However, it is now recognised that the speed of decline in lung function as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s occurs faster in the earlier stages of the disease process. As a result, a clearer understanding of the potential benefits of treatment in early COPD is needed. It is recognised that many patients with COPD remain undiagnosed in the community which has prompted global case-finding initiatives. In this review we discuss the difficulties in diagnosing COPD in its early stages, examine the roleof case-finding and look at the evidence for early intervention with therapeutic agents. There is a growing interest in the phenotypic variation amongst patients with COPD and we explore the role of phenotyping in early COPD and its potential benefits in providing a more individualised approach to COPD management. The majority of patients with COPD are known to die from non-respiratory causes such as cardiovascular disease. The mechanistic link is thought to relate to systemic inflammation, causing us to question whether earlier interventions could have a beneficial impact on the burden of co-morbidities for patients with COPD.

Effect of warming needle moxibustion on pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of warming needle moxibustion on pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method Eighty elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were divided randomly into an acupuncture group and a drug group, with forty cases in each group. The patients in the acupuncture group were treated with warming needle moxibustion on specific acupoints. Main acupoints include Zusanli （足三里 ST 36）, Feishu （肺俞 BL 13） and Dingchuan （定喘 EX-B 1）. Matching acupoints include Gaohuang （膏肓 BL 43）, Xinshu （心俞 BL 15）, Dazhui （大椎 GV 14） and Fangmen （风门 BE 12）. The acupoints were punctured with even reinforcing and reducing method. Meanwhile, two moxa stick of warming needle moxibustion were applied separately at the acupoints at back and ST 36. The needles were retained for approximately 0.5 h each time. The treatment was given every other day, 3 times a week and the course of treatment was 8 weeks. Patients in the drug group were treated by seretide inhalation （50 μg salmeterol and 250 μg fluticasone propionate）, twice a day for 8 weeks. The improvement in pulmonary function and the symptom of chills and fever were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, pulmonary function indices [forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）, forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity （FEVl/FVC）, forced expiratory volume in one second to predicted value ratio （FEV1%） and peak expiratory flow （PEF）] of the patients in both groups were improved significantly compared with that before treatment （P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups （all P〉0.05）. Improvement in comprehensive scores of the symptom of chill and fever in the acupuncture group was significantly superior to that in the drug group after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Warming needle moxibustion was obviously effective on the improvement in pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The relationship between the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and the airway remodeling in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of trannsient receptor potential vanilloid(TRPV1)and the severity of airway remodeling in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods According to airflow obstruction severity,totally 100 cases of elderly patients with

口服中药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重随机对照试验的文献特征及结局指标研究

背景口服中药在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)的治疗中应用广泛,但相关临床试验的结局指标尚未得到统一和规范。目的通过筛选已发表的以口服中药为AECOPD治疗措施的随机对照试验(RCT),总结其文献特征和选用的结局指标情况,为中医药治疗AECOPD临床试验设计和结局指标选择提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、ClinicalTrials.gov、中国临床试验注册中心,获取口服中药治疗AECOPD的RCT和临床试验注册方案,检索时限为2018年1月—2022年10月。由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料后,采用定性分析的方法,对纳入研究的结局指标选择情况进行描述。结果纳入578篇文献,包含574篇已报告试验结果的RCT及4个临床试验注册方案。574篇RCT共纳入51508例患者。88篇文献在纳入标准中限定了患者的疾病分级,361篇文献在纳入标准中限定了中医证型,6篇文献报告了盲法,6篇文献提及了随访。纳入文献共涉及4030个结局指标,单篇文献结局指标数量范围为1~24个。按照结局指标的功能属性,将其归为8个指标域:中医症状/证候、症状/体征、理化检测、生活质量、远期预后、经济学评估、安全性评价、其他,报告率最高的指标域是理化检测,报告频次排名前5位的结局指标项目是:有效率(11.5%)、第1秒用力呼气容积(7.5%)、中医症状/证候评分(7.0%)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(6.8%)、用力肺活量(4.6%)。445篇文献报告了有效率的组成,报告率排名前5位的研究指标依次为症状(423篇)、体征(281篇)、中医证候评分(203篇)、实验室检查(89篇)、肺功能(71篇)。结论口服中药治疗AECOPD的RCT涉及的结局指标数量多、范围广,纳入的文献在不同程度上关注了口服中药对AECOPD患者的症状体征、理化检测指标、生活质量、远期预后、经济学评价和安全性结局等方面的影响。但结局指标的选择仍存在多方面的问题:结局指标主次不清;主要关注替代终点,对临床终点的关注不足;对卫生经济学指标关注不足;有效性参考来源不一、判断标准不一。研究者可参考已发表的核心指标集,合理设计结局指标,以提高中医药临床研究的质量。

噻托溴铵能倍乐?和噻托溴铵吸乐?在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中满意度和偏好度研究

目的比较中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者对噻托溴铵能倍乐■(软雾剂)与噻托溴铵吸乐■(干粉剂)吸入装置的满意度及偏好。方法一项多中心随机、开放、交叉研究。将中度至极重度COPD患者分为能倍乐■-吸乐■组与吸乐■-能倍乐■组,用患者满意度和偏好调查问卷(PASAPQ)比较两组治疗第8周时PASAPQ的性能评分、PASAPQ总评分、表达偏好的患者比例、PASAPQ的总体满意度评分及治疗后愿意继续使用的得分。结果共纳入71例COPD患者,其中能倍乐■-吸乐■组36例,吸乐■-能倍乐■组35例。基线资料显示两组性别、年龄,肺功能及慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)分级,既往糖皮质激素/长效β2受体激动剂(ICS/LABA)的使用百分比等基线资料比较两组间无统计学差异。第8周时,PASAPQ性能评分、总评分和总体满意度评分在两组均无显著性差异。第8周时,35例(50.7%)患者偏好使用能倍乐■,26例(37.7%)患者偏好使用吸乐■,差异无统计学意义(P=0.249)。结论COPD患者对两种装置的满意度无明显差异,但患者掌握能倍乐■的操作方法后,有偏好使用能倍乐■的倾向性。

以患者为中心的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者参与医疗质量改进的实施现状:一项范围综述

背景以患者为中心的医疗质量改进中,将患者从医疗服务的接受者转变为合作者,将患者在医疗全流程中的体验和需求整合到医疗服务实践中,以提高医疗服务的有效性、效率和质量。然而,已被证明有效的以患者为中心的患者参与医疗质量改进策略在我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)领域中如何实施尚有待探索。目的对国内外慢阻肺患者参与医疗质量改进策略的实施现状进行范围综述,旨在为构建适合我国环境的慢阻肺患者参与实施策略提供参考。方法采用澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所的范围综述指南为方法学框架,计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和中华医学期刊全文数据库,检索时限为建库至2022-11-29。采用主题分析法梳理慢阻肺患者参与的实施现状。结果共纳入37篇文献。根据参与类别分为患者参与直接的诊疗过程、患者参与组织层面的设计与管理及患者参与临床研究三类。根据参与程度分为咨询、参与和合作领导三层。参与程度与类别交叉为9类参与行为矩阵。慢阻肺患者参与实施主要体现在5类8项行为:包括患者参与直接的诊疗过程(患者对治疗计划提出意愿和偏好);患者参与组织管理层面的咨询(调查了解患者治疗体验、组织患者讨论其关注的问题)和参与(参与医疗质量改进工具开发);以及患者参与临床研究层面的咨询(倾听患者需求)和参与(对干预措施提出意愿和偏好、参与评估工具开发、参与研究设计与实施讨论)。调查了解患者治疗体验(10/37,27.03%)及收集患者对研究干预措施的意愿和偏好(10/37,27.03%)是实施较多的两类慢阻肺患者参与行为。结论患者参与医疗质量改进的行为措施较多,但在慢阻肺领域落地实践的尚较少,且极少见患者参与对临床结局及生活质量的改善评估,如何促进我国乃至全球慢阻肺患者参与医疗质量改进的实施仍有待进一步探索。

不同低密度衰减区分级慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期和哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠患者临床特征分析

背景慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是异质性疾病,哮喘-COPD重叠(ACO)同时具有哮喘和COPD相关临床特征,部分患者无法配合行肺功能检查,难以判断气流受限程度。目的比较COPD急性加重期(AECOPD)及ACO患者不同低密度衰减区(LAA)分级的临床资料,分析第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%pred)与LAA分级的关联性,为肺功能检查受限患者提供参考指标。方法收集2020年3月—2022年5月在河北医科大学第二医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院的AECOPD及ACO患者的临床资料,LAA≥2级归为肺气肿型,LAA<2级归为支气管炎型,共分为4组:(1)支气管炎型AECOPD组(84例):LAA 0级33例和LAA 1级51例;(2)肺气肿型AECOPD组(150例):LAA 2级55例、LAA 3级63例和LAA 4级32例;(3)支气管炎型ACO组(59例):LAA 0级26例和LAA 1级33例;(4)肺气肿型ACO组(47例):LAA 2级21例、LAA 3级17例和LAA 4级9例。比较AECOPD和ACO患者各组及组内不同LAA分级患者的临床特点。ACO患者及AECOPD患者的FEV_(1)%pred影响因素采用多重线性回归分析。结果与支气管炎型AECOPD组比,肺气肿型AECOPD组BMI、氧合指数(PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))、FEV_(1)%pred更低,吸烟量、男性、吸烟比例更高(P<0.05)。支气管炎型AECOPD组:与LAA 0级组比,LAA 1级患者BMI、FEV_(1)%pred、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)、血清白蛋白(ALB)更低,外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、白介素(IL)-6更高(P<0.05)。肺气肿型AECOPD组:与LAA4级患者相比,LAA3级患者年龄、BMI、FEV_(1)%pred更高,LAA2级患者BMI、FEV_(1)%pred更高,住院天数更短;LAA 3级患者NLR、hs-CRP、FEV_(1)%pred高于LAA 2级(P<0.05)。与支气管炎型ACO组相比,肺气肿型ACO组年龄、吸烟量、男性比例、吸烟比例更高,BMI、FEV_(1)%pred更低(P<0.05)。支气管炎型ACO组:与LAA 1级患者相比,LAA 0级患者应用全身激素、激素总量更高,FEV_(1)%pred更低(P<0.05)。肺气肿型ACO组:LAA 4级组FEV_(1)%pred低于LAA3级和LAA2级,LAA3级患者FEV_(1)%pred低于LAA2级(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,AECOPD和ACO患者LAA分级与FEV_(1)%pred呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论在AECOPD和ACO患者中,LAA分级不同,临床特征不同。ACO患者LAA 1级比LAA 0级对激素更不敏感。LAA分级与FEV_(1)%pred呈负相关,LAA分级可以为肺功能检查受限的AECOPD和ACO患者在评估气流受限程度方面提供参考。

Alterations and clinical significance of serum thyroid hormone levels in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To observe the alterations of serum thyroid hormone levels in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)patients without thyroid disease and therefore to investigate the association between serum thyroid hormone levels and the severity and prognosis of AECOPD.Methods Serum thyroid hormone levels including TT4,TT3,TSH,FT4 and

双气相定量CT对轻中度COPD的评估价值研究

目的:通过配准的双气相定量CT对轻中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺气肿定量指标的对比分析,寻找最优肺气肿定量指标。方法:回顾性收集健康体检对照组55例和慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)1级21例,GOLD 2级31例。将CT原始DICOM数据导入“数字肺”分析平台,测定深吸气末LAA%_(-950)和深呼气末LAA%_(-910)。将呼气相与吸气相CT图像配准,根据阈值法计算出肺气肿区域百分比(PRM~(Emph%))、功能性小气道病变区域百分比(PRMfSAD%)和正常区域百分比(PRM~(Normal%))。肺功能指标包括FVC、FEV_1%、FEV_1/FVC。组间一般资料、CT定量指标和肺功能差异采用独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或卡方检验,相关性采用Spearman相关分析。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CT定量参数对轻中度COPD患者肺气肿的诊断效能。结果:轻中度COPD患者与正常对照组间性别、吸烟指数、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC、吸气相LAA%_(-950)、呼气相LAA%_(-910)、PRM~(Emph%)、PRMfSAD%及PRMNormal%差异均有统计学意义。吸气相LAA%_(-950)与FEV1/FVC呈负相关,呼气相LAA%_(-910)、PRM~(Emph%)与FVC、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC均呈负相关。ROC曲线分析结果显示吸气相LAA%_(-950)、呼气相LAA%_(-910)及PRM~(Emph%)曲线下面积分别为0.742、0.861、0.876,其中PRM~(Emph%)指标的曲线下面积最大,对应临界值为9.84%,敏感度76.90%,特异度94.50%。结论:定量CT肺气肿指标吸气相LAA%_(-950)、呼气相LAA%_(-910)及双气相PRM~(Emph%)都能够客观评估轻中度COPD患者的肺气肿情况,其中PRM~(Emph%)是最优评估指标。

八段锦在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是临床老年患者常见呼吸系统疾病,严重影响老年患者的生活质量。八段锦动作柔和缓慢,属于有氧运动,且不受场地限制,适用于老年患者,可改善其心肺功能,有利于COPD的康复。本研究从老年COPD稳定期患者开展八段锦运动锻炼的效果、作用机制及运动方案进行综述,以期为老年COPD患者运动处方的修订提供参考。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病不同空间分布肺气肿急性加重期常规治疗预后评价

目的:观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)不同空间分布肺气肿急性加重期治疗后的预后情况。方法:选择2015年10月~2017年2月成都市第二人民医院COPD急性加重期患者69例,根据HRCT结果分为上叶为主肺气肿组33例,下叶为主肺气肿组36例,收集治疗前的一般情况。所有患者均给予常规治疗,记录患者治疗后的CAT量表测量评分、呼吸困难指数(mMRC评分)、血气分析、肺功能、住院天数,并随访再次住院间隔时间、1年内急性加重次数。结果:治疗后两组患者的CAT、mMRC评分、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、第1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、氧分压(PaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))均较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组改善程度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。下叶为主肺气肿患者住院天数显著短于上叶为主肺气肿患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),同时发现下叶为主肺气肿患者再次住院间隔时间与上叶为主肺气肿患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);通过对患者长期随访,发现下叶为主肺气肿患者1年内急性加重次数显著高于上叶为主肺气肿患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在急性加重期,下叶为主的肺气肿患者较上叶为主肺气肿患者对常规治疗反应无显著差异,但住院时间更短,急性加重频率更高。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者报告结局测评工具研究现状

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是常见呼吸系统疾病之一,其急性加重作为一种急性事件,严重影响COPD患者生存质量。本研究检索PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库,经纳排标准共筛出69篇代表性文献,发现目前国内外应用于COPD急性加重期患者报告结局的测评工具共23个,除COPD急性加重自我报告结局(EXACT-PRO)外均直接采用稳定期患者报告结局测评工具,可分为普适性、疾病特异性及症状特异性测评工具,主要涉及症状、生理领域、社会领域、心理情绪、日常活动等领域。建议未来COPD急性加重期患者生存质量研究重点关注以下几方面:加强特异性测评工具研究,重视经典测量理论、项目反应理论及概化理论联合应用,重视测评工具最小临床重要差值研究,合理选择测评工具。

基于Goddard评分法的肺气肿自监督分级算法研究

针对肺气肿智能化诊断高度依赖高质量标注数据、图像空间信息复杂及特征提取不足等问题,本研究基于Goddard评分法设计了一种肺气肿分级算法。首先,利用SimSiam框架进行自监督学习,以解决对大量高质量标注数据的依赖;其次,引入连续3D卷积模块和高效多尺度注意模块(efficient multi-scale attention, EMA),通过整合上肺野、中肺野及下肺野的信息捕捉肺部图像中的关键空间信息,以提升模型在处理复杂肺部CT图像时的特征提取能力和识别精度。实验结果显示,在识别肺气肿存在、轻度肺气肿与无肺气肿、肺气肿严重程度的分级任务中,模型准确率分别为88.79%、83.44%、57.4%。结果表明,本算法在肺气肿识别和分类任务中表现良好,具有一定的临床意义。

基于患者报告结局的慢性阻塞性肺疾病潜在风险分层分析

目的:探讨基于患者报告结局的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的潜在风险分层。方法:采用便利抽样法在太原市13家医院抽取474例COPD患者进行问卷调查,以COPD患者报告结局调查问卷中的生理、心理和社会领域部分各维度得分作为外显变量,进行潜在剖面分析(LPA),识别COPD患者潜在风险分层。以生理、心理和社会领域的潜在风险为因变量,以经过单因素筛选的特征为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。结果:经LPA,生理领域有3种潜在风险,474例COPD患者中低特异性(SPE)低独立性(IND)高全身症状(GEN)占比40%,中SPE中IND中GEN占比43%,高SPE高IND低GEN占比17%;已戒烟、职业为工人的患者中SPE中IND中GEN的可能性大于低SPE低IND高GEN,OR(95%CI)为2.909(1.025~8.255)、1.968(1.119~3.460);心理领域支持2种潜在风险,474例中低心理素质占比53%,高心理素质占比47%;无COPD家族史患者心理素质更高,OR(95%CI)为1.871(1.117~3.135)。社会领域支持3种潜在风险,474例中低疾病认知(COG)高疾病对社会活动的影响(INF)高社会支持(SUP)占比44%,中COG中INF中SUP占比26%,高COG低INF低SUP占比30%;知识分子中COG中INF中SUP和高COG低INF低SUP的可能性更大,OR(95%CI)为2.816(1.084~7.316)和3.185(1.131~8.972);农民、工人、管理人员高COG低INF低SUP的可能性更大,OR(95%CI)为2.300(1.156~4.579)、4.092(2.058~8.136)、3.387(1.395~8.220)。结论:本研究分别在生理、心理、社会领域对COPD患者实现了风险分层,为疾病分级管理提供了新依据。

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的综合家庭肺康复研究

目的制定适合老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的综合家庭肺康复方案,以提高肺康复效果。方法将60例病情稳定出院的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者随机分为对照组和干预组各30例。对照组实施常规护理,干预组实施基于证据的综合家庭肺康复方案,干预6个月。采用呼吸困难评分、6 min步行试验、圣乔治呼吸问卷进行效果评价。结果干预3个月、6个月干预组呼吸困难评分及圣乔治呼吸问卷得分显著低于对照组,6 min步行试验距离显著长于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者实施综合家庭肺康复,有助于改善呼吸困难症状、提高机体活动能力、改善生活质量。

血清淀粉样蛋白A与老年COPD患者肺弥散功能及运动受限的关联性分析

目的分析血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)与老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺弥散功能及运动受限的相关性。方法招募2020年1月至2021年7月重庆大学附属涪陵医院收治的188例老年稳定期COPD患者,均接受肺功能测试(PFT)和心肺运动试验(CPET)评估。将肺一氧化碳弥散因子(T_(L)CO)<肺正常下限(LLN)的患者纳入弥散功能异常组(102例),T_(L)CO≥LLN的患者纳入弥散功能正常组(86例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定患者SAA水平。采用Pearson相关分析探讨SAA水平与峰值摄氧量(VO_(2peak))的相关性。采用多因素logistic回归分析老年COPD患者肺弥散功能的影响因素。采用多元线性回归模型分析老年COPD患者的SAA水平与第1秒用力呼气容量的Z评分(FEV_(1Z-score))、FEV_(1)与预测值的百分比(ppFEV_(1))的关联性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析SAA水平对老年COPD患者肺弥散功能异常的预测效能。结果多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,较低的ppFEV_(1)、用力肺活量的Z评分(FVC_(Z-score))、(FEV_(1)/FVC)_(Z-score)是促进老年COPD患者肺弥散功能异常的独立危险因素(P<0.05),较高的ppFVC、FEV_(1)/FVC、肺泡通气量的Z评分(VA_(Z-score))是抑制老年COPD患者肺弥散功能异常的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。弥散功能异常组SAA水平显著高于弥散功能正常组[(135.09±58.05)ng/mL vs(78.10±32.81)ng/mL,t=8.079,P<0.001]。ROC曲线分析结果显示,SAA水平具有预测老年COPD患者肺弥散功能异常的应用价值[AUC(95%CI)=0.797(0.735~0.860),P<0.001],最佳截断值为85.07 ng/mL,其对应的灵敏度和特异度分别为77.50%和69.80%。多元线性回归分析结果显示,FEV_(1Z-score)与ppFEV_(1)每降低一个单位,弥散功能异常组患者的SAA水平分别升高0.009(95%CI:-0.013~-0.005)ng/mL、0.149(95%CI:-0.210~-0.088)ng/mL。Pearson相关分析结果显示,老年COPD患者的SAA水平与VO_(2peak)呈负相关(r=-0.512,P<0.001)。结论在老年COPD患者中,SAA水平与FEV_(1Z-score)有关,检测SAA水平有助于鉴别老年COPD肺弥散功能异常患者。此外,SAA水平与VO_(2peak)呈负相关,说明导致FEV_(1)降低的机制可能有助于解释老年COPD肺弥散功能异常患者运动受限的原因。