Elderly African Americans Insights on the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception and Personal, Social, and Cultural Factors

This exploratory study examined elderly African Americans attitudes on the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying their perceptions of risk based personal, social, and cultural factors. It seeks to understand their insights toward public health pandemic response initiatives and other efforts to mitigate COVID-19 outbreak response measures impacting elderly African Americans, including policies, interventions, and public information/communication. The effectiveness of pandemic response measures and community caregiving support for the elderly African Americans was examined as well. Respondents in this study were a convenient sample of 60 residents predominantly in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Respondents were eligible for study participation if 1) there were 60 years and over and, 2) African American or people of African descent. A mixed research method design comprising focus groups and online survey was used to collect the data for the study. The respondents characterized the impact of the coronavirus as a personal, family, and community loss (e.g., less socially engaged and burdensome). An overwhelming majority (98.3%) expressed no worries about getting health care if they or their family members needed it. A sizable number of respondents expressed the need for all to be tested to help prevent the spread of the virus.

Impact of Risk Perception about COVID-19 on the Coping Behavior of the Elderly:Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

Objective:This study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between risk perception and the coping behavior of the elderly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Methods:The study employed the convenience sampling method to select a total of 550 elderly from Chongqing,Chengdu and Luohe in China.A questionnaire composed of the perception scale,self-efficacy scale,and coping behavior scale was used to collect data.Results:Risk perception exerted a significantly direct effect on positive coping behavior and avoidant coping behavior.Moreover,it positively predicted the components of self-efficacy.In turn,self-efficacy positively predicted the components of positive coping behavior,which confirm that it plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and positive coping behavior.Moreover,self-efficacy negatively predicted the components of avoidant coping behavior,which confirms that it also plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and avoidant coping behavior.Conclusion:A simple mediation model revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated the direct and indirect effects of risk perception on coping behavior.Based on the results,the study recommended several countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing the positive coping behavior of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

社区老年人跌倒风险感知潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

目的 分析社区老年人跌倒风险感知的潜在剖面类别及影响因素,为制订老年人安全活动方案从而降低跌倒风险提供参考。方法 2023年2-8月,采用便利抽样法选取合肥市3个社区的常住老年人423例为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、跌倒风险感知量表、老化态度问卷、智力状态量表、修订版跌倒效能量表、体能状况量表和焦虑抑郁量表对其进行调查。运用潜在剖面分析和多元Logistic回归分析确定不同剖面及其影响因素。结果 社区老年人跌倒风险感知分为低跌倒风险感知型、中度跌倒风险感知型和高跌倒风险感知型3个潜在剖面类别,其影响因素包括锻炼爱好、健康自评、身体活动功能、老化态度、焦虑抑郁、跌倒效能等(均P<0.05)。结论 社区老年人跌倒风险感知存在异质性,医护人员应根据社区老年人跌倒风险感知不同剖面的分类特征,制订针对性的干预措施,以降低跌倒风险。

基于风险认知过程的综合风险分类方法研究

介绍了风险数值分类的方法,弥补了目前风险分类多从定性角度进行描述,缺少客观性的缺陷。以与当前生活紧密相关的44种风险为样本,基于风险管理过程和大众对风险的认知过程所关注的风险属性要素,采用Havashi数量化理论Ⅲ的数值分析法,在MATLAB程序的支持下,计算各种风险的得分,进行风险聚类,得到综合风险分类结果。结果表明,44种风险被分成了简单风险、复杂风险、模糊风险/不确定风险。分类结果体现了国际风险管理理事会IRGC注重风险性质认知的理念,符合风险管理的实际需要。

农村老年人养老风险感知现状与影响因素——基于安徽农村老年人福利状况的调查分析

降低农村老年人的养老风险是实现农村老年家庭生计可持续发展的关键。采用安徽农村老年人福利状况的调查数据,考察养老风险感知的总体水平和结构特征,分析传统家庭保障、社会网络保障和社区保障环境对养老风险感知的影响效应。结果表明,农村老年人养老风险感知的总体水平较低,分为生存型风险感知和情感型风险感知两个子维度,老年人对于生存型风险的感知水平高于情感型风险;在传统家庭保障因素中,子代提供的经济支持、生活照料和情感支持均能有效降低养老风险感知;在社会网络保障因素中,亲戚支持网络能显著降低养老风险感知;在社区保障环境因素中,国家级贫困村和有村级正式养老机构会显著提高养老风险感知,而社区老年活动场所和医疗卫生机构对于养老风险感知的影响并不显著。

管理层风险偏好、风险认知对科技保险购买意愿影响的实证研究

探讨了管理层风险偏好、风险认知及其交互效应对企业科技保险参保意愿的影响。基于浙江省683家高新技术企业调查问卷的实证研究表明,管理层风险偏好和风险认知对企业风险管理决策具有重要影响:(1)风险偏好型管理层购买科技保险的意愿更低;(2)管理层风险认知水平越高,企业购买科技保险的意愿越强;(3)管理层风险偏好和风险认知对创新风险与企业参保决策之间的关系分别具有负向和正向调节作用;(4)管理层风险偏好通过风险认知的中介作用,间接影响企业购买科技保险的意愿,支持了风险认知的中介效应假说。

环境风险认知、生计禀赋与农民生态移民意愿——基于甘肃省西部生态贫困县市的实证调查

西部地区因环境恶劣及生计资源匮乏导致的"生态型"贫困尤为突出,生态移民为解决上述问题提供了很好的思路。文章以甘肃省西部贫困地区1 417份农户为研究样本,选取Logit模型分析环境风险认知、生计禀赋及控制变量对农民生态移民意愿的影响,结果显示环境风险认知对农民生态移民意愿起到显著"推动"作用,即农户感知到的沙漠移动、极端灾害天气、荒漠植被及地下水变动能够加速农民生态移民;生计禀赋中家庭人均收入、政府补贴、耕地对农民生态移民意愿存在显著负相关,家庭劳动力人数和教育程度具有正向效应;男性和中青年农民的生态移民意愿受环境风险认知、生计禀赋更为显著。

新型风险感受下的均值-方差模型与实证研究

以一般风险测度所具有的共性为突破口,通过引入三角函数,构造出了"S"形风险感受曲线簇.该方法有效地扩展了传统的风险测度构建方法,为进一步刻画复杂的非线性风险感受提供了新的手段和方法.最后,应用研究成果建立了新型风险感受下的均值-方差(M-V)模型,扩展了传统M-V模型的解释能力,进一步可解释投资者面对相同投资机会采取不同投资行为的经济现象.实证结果表明,不同风险感受类型下的投资行为与市场中的散户和机构投资者的投资行为相吻合.

管理层风险特质、董事会治理与科技保险参保意愿

本文综合行为金融、公司治理和公司金融理论构建科技保险参保意愿影响因素的理论模型,并基于浙江省635家高新技术企业的问卷调查数据进行实证检验。结论表明:第一,管理层风险偏好和管理层风险认知对高新技术企业科技保险参保意愿具有显著影响:风险喜好型管理者更倾向于采取风险自担策略,抑制科技保险需求;而较高的风险认知则有助于提升企业购买科技保险的意愿。第二,良好的董事会治理有助于提升企业风险管理,独立董事占比越高,企业购买科技保险的意愿越强。第三,管理层风险认知在董事会独立性与企业参保意愿之间发挥部分中介作用,这意味着董事会治理可以通过影响管理层风险认知,间接作用于企业的风险管理决策。