The impact of dielectrics on the electrical capacity, concentration, efficiency ozone generation for the plasma reactor with mesh electrodes

This paper presents experimental results concerning the effect of dielectric type on ozone concentration and the efficiency of its generation in plasma reactor with two mesh electrodes.Three types of dielectric solid were used in the study; glass, micanite and Kapton insulating foil. The experiments were conducted for voltage ranges from 2.3 to 13 k V. A plasma reactor equipped with two 0.3×0.3 mm^2 mesh electrodes made of acid resistant AISI 304 mesh was used in the experiments. The influence of the dielectric type on the concentration and efficiency of ozone generation was described. The resulting maximum concentration of the ozone was about 2.70–9.30 g O3 m^-3, depending on the dielectrics used. The difference between the maximum and the minimum ozone concentration depends on the dielectric used,this accounts for 70% at the variance. The reactor capacity has also been described in the paper; total Ct and dielectric capacitance Cd depending on the dielectric used and its thickness.

Energy access challenge and the role of fossil fuels in meeting electricity demand:Promoting renewable energy capacity for sustainable development

The energy access challenge remains a significant barrier to sustainable development,with millions of people still needing access to modern energy services.Fossil fuels have played a crucial role in meeting electricity demand,but they face challenges and drawbacks in terms of environmental sustainability,energy security,and climate change.This study examines how renewable and non-renewable energy generation capacity impacted the environment in 53 upper-middle-income countries from 1990 to 2020,using energy access and alternative energy sources as mediating variables.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the complex relationship between renewable energy generation capacity,energy access,alternative energy sources,and environmental conditions in upper-middleincome countries.The positive relationship between renewable energy generation capacity and environmental conditions emphasizes the importance and potential of renewable energy sources in mitigating environmental degradation.Additionally,the findings indicate that energy access also plays a crucial role in shaping energy generation patterns,with higher levels of access being associated with increased renewable energy generation and decreased reliance on non-renewable energy sources.These findings highlight the urgent need for policies and measures to promote renewable energy adoption and prioritize energy access to mitigate environmental degradation and achieve sustainable development goals.

Piezoresistive Response Extraction for Smart Cement-based Composites/Sensors

A kind of piezoresistive response extraction method for smart cement-based composites/sensors was proposed.Two kinds of typical piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors were fabricated by respectively adding carbon nanotubes and nickel powders as conductive fillers into cement paste or cement mortar.The variation in measured electrical resistance of such cement-based composites/sensors was explored without loading and under repeated compressive loading and impulsive loading.The experimental results indicate that the measured electrical resistance of piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors exhibits a two-stage variation trend of fast increase and steady increase with measurement time without loading,and an irreversible increase after loading.This results from polarization caused by ionic conduction in these composites/sensors.After reaching a plateau,the measured electrical resistance can be divided into an electrical resistance part and an electrical capacity part.The piezoresistive responses of electrical resistance part in measured electrical resistance to loading can be extracted by eliminating the linear electrical capacity part in measured electrical resistance.

Current Situation of Power Development in the World and Its Enlightenment to China's Power Industry

Based on a detailed analysis of China's current power installed capacity,power generation,power structure,as well as the world's power installed capacity,power generation,power structure,and power regional distribution,some policy suggestions have been put forward through objective analysis and comparison.Firstly,power sectors in China should develop from high-speed growth to high-quality development,digest power excessive production capacity,control newly-added production capacity absolutely,and control the construction of power points orderly according to power planning.Secondly,non-fossil energy power generation needs to develop energetically,and should attach great importance to biomass power generation,in addition to gas power generation,wind power,and solar power.Lastly,on the basis of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,electricity consumption per capita should be improved in the high-quality development stage in China,and the development of energy conservation and emission reduction,renewable energy,and distributed energy and so on should be considered collaboratively.

Energy Outlook in East Africa Region and the Carbon Emissions for Conventional En-ergy Projection (Part I)

In this investigation, we focus on the current energy sources and future projects situation in East Africa up to 2040. Electricity generation potential of energy mix and electrical capacity will be analyzed. For both electricity generation and electrical capacity, the data source shows that some forms of energies such bio-energy, solar PV, etc. will contribute less as well as with insignificant contribution of nuclear energy. Whereas hydro is dominating comparing with gas, oil, coal, solar PV, bio-energy and other renewables energies. From 2000 up to 2012, hydro and oil were only the one source of electricity generation. Starting from 2020, other forms of energies will appear and continue to increase at different rate. The international trade of electricity in this region will appear in 2020 and continue to increase as predicted by the data. Up to 2040, hydro will play a big role in electricity generation with other renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, Gas, bio- energy and solar PV that will continue to increase at different rate. The share of solar PV in energy generation will slowly increase compared to other sources. The capacity of hydro and renewable energy sources will be high compared with other sources of energy such as bioenergy, coal, oil, PV solar, and gas. The results show also that bio-energy will increase slowly in electricity generation in comparison with other source of energies. The present report shows that oil will continue to emit a lot carbon dioxide compared to gas and coal. The emission of CO2 from total final consumption (TFC) of oil will continue to be high in comparing with CO2 emission from power generation (PG) of oil. But the emission of carbon dioxide from power generation of coal from 2025 until 2040 will be high compared with emission of CO2 generated from FTC of coal. In this period, the emission from TFC for gas will remain insignificant. The total final consumption emission of oil in general will dominate other emissions from both coal and gas. Due to this high emission of CO2, new technologies should be introduced in order to reduce gas pollution from TFC.

Problems of Planning for Power Industry in China

On the basis of summing up the development of electric power industry in the 10th Five-Year Plan period, the idea of electric power development planning from 2006 to 2020 is presented. The authors analyzed ten main problems that existed in electric development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period, forecasted the electricity generation from 2006 to 2020, put forward the development strategy of power industry, discussed the component and development program of hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, natural gas power and renewable power, outlined the present situations of six regional power grids, power transmission from western to eastern regions, UHV AC/DC power transmission and nationwide power grid interconnections, and finally gave out seven suggestions about electric power development in the future.

Recent advances in electrocatalysts for non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries

As one of the next-generation energy-storage devices,Li-O_2 battery has become the main research direction for the academic researchers due to its characteristics of environmental friendship,relatively simple structures,high energy density of 3500Wh/kg and low cost.However,Li-O_2 battery cannot be commercialized on a large scale because of the challenging issues including high-efficient electrocatalysts,membranes,Li-based anode and so on.In this review,we focused on the recent development of electrocatalyst materials as cathodes for the non-aqueous Li-O_2 batteries which are relatively simpler than other Li-O_2 batteries＇ structures.Electrocatalysts were summarized including noble metals,nanocarbon materials,transition metals and their hybrids.We points out that the challenges of preparation high-efficient catalysts not only require high catalytic activity and conductivity,but also have novel nanoarchitectures with large interface and porous volume for LiO_x storage.Furthermore,the further investigation of reaction mechanism and advanced in situ analysis technologies are welcome in the coming work.