Visualizing Spin & Radiation of the Extended Electron in Electric Field (Emission & Absorption of Photons)

In this article the electron is conceived as an extended particle, consisting of a negatively charged core (-q0) which is surrounded by a cloud of electric dipoles (-q, +q). The article presents the illustrations that show how and why the electron spins and radiates in an external electric field. In the appendices, Bremsstrahlung & Cerenkov radiations, and the processes of Emission & Absorption of photons will be discussed.

Non-Uniform Pion Tetrahedron Aether and Electron Tetrahedron Model

We propose that the QCD vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate density vary in space and drops to extremely low values in the Kennan, Barger and Cowie (KBC) void in analogy to earth’s atmospheric density drop with elevation from earth. We propose a formula for the gravitation acceleration based on the non-uniform pion tetrahedron condensate. Gravity may be due to the underlying microscopic attraction between quarks and antiquarks, which are part of the vacuum pion tetrahedron condensate. We propose an electron tetrahedron model, where electrons are comprised of tetraquark tetrahedrons, and . The quarks determine the negative electron charge and the or quarks determine the electron two spin states. The electron tetrahedron may perform a high frequency quark exchange reactions with the pion tetrahedron condensate by tunneling through the condensation gap creating a delocalized electron cloud with a fixed spin. The pion tetrahedron may act as a QCD glue bonding electron pairs in atoms and molecules and protons to neutrons in the nuclei. Conservation of valence quarks and antiquarks is proposed.

Visualizing the Spin & Radiation of the Extended Electron in Magnetic Field

This article presents illustrations of an extended model of the electron to visualize how it spins and radiates in the external magnetic field. A time-varying magnetic field B produces a rotational induced electric field E which rotates (spins) the electron about its axis. In time-constant magnetic field: the electron radiates the cyclotron radiation. In time-varying magnetic field: synchrotron radiation is generated. The couplings between spin, acceleration and radiation will be discussed.

Static electric dipole polarizability of lithium atoms in Debye plasmas

The static electric dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of a lithium atom embedded in a weekly coupled plasma environment are investigated as a function of the plasma screening radium. The plasma screening of the Coulomb interaction is described by the Debye-Hiickel potential and the interaction between the valence electron and the atomic core is described by a model potential. The electron energies and wave functions for both the bound and continuum states are calculated by solving the SchrSdinger equation numerically using the symplectic integrator. The oscillator strengths, partial-wave, and total static dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and n ≤ 3 excited states of the lithium atom are calculated. Comparison of present results with those of other authors, when available, is made. The results for the 2s ground state demonstrated that the oscillator strengths and the static dipole polarizabilities from np orbitals do not always increase or decrease with the plasma screening effect increasing, unlike that for hydrogen-like ions, especially for 2s→3p transition there is a zero value for both the oscillator strength and the static dipole polarizability for screening length D = 10.3106a0, which is associated with the Cooper minima.

TURNING-OVER OF THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE IN A POLYMER

The transition from the biexciton to the exciton can turn over the direction of the electric dipole of a polymericmolecule. This turning-over action combined with the photoinduced polarization reversion can be used as a switch. Theswitching speed is governed by the relaxation time of the turning-over process, which can be determined by a dynamicalsimulation.

Electromagnetic fields from a horizontal electrical dipole buried in ocean

Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration,reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean. It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method. Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole (HED) . A three-layered model is accepted,with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement,possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity. The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: (1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; (2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; (3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic (MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration,the airwave influence could be neglected; and (4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect.

Dependence of the emission electric dipole line strength of Eu^(3+) on the composition of lead borate glasses

Lead borate glasses xB2O3+(99–x)PbO+0.5Eu2O3(x=70,60,...,10) were prepared by melt-quenching method.The luminescent properties were characterized with excitation and emission spectra.The emission intensities for 5D0-7FJ(J=0–4) were analyzed to give variation of the relative electric dipole line strengths with the composition of glasses so as to examine the crucial implicit assumption of independent electric dipole line strength on the composition of glass in the Phys.Rev.Lett.2003,91,203903 paper studying l...

Research on the Static Magnetic Field of Ships with Corrosion and Anticorrosion Efficacy Using Electric Dipole Model

In the case of three-layered(air-seawater-seabed)model,the analytical expressions of the static electric and static magnetic field produced by the static electric dipole located in seawater were derived by using the mirror image theory.Combined with the distribution of the underwater electric potential measured in laboratory,an electric dipole model for physical scale of ship was established and the distribution characteristics of an actual ship' s corrosion related magnetic field were obtained.Based on established models,theoretical analysis and calculation were made to catch out the distribution characteristics of static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion,which can not be measured directly in seawater.The results show that the static magnetic field related with corrosion and anticorrosion is a kind of noteworthy obstacle signal for degaussed ships.

Electric dipole moments of lithium atoms in Rydberg states

Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment （EDM）, have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and charge densities of lithium Rydberg states in the presence of electric fields, calculated by matrix diagonalization. Huge electric dipole moments are discovered. In order to check the validity of the EDMs, we also use these electric dipole moments to calculate the Stark energies by numerical integration. The results agree with those calculated by matrix diagonalization.

All-dielectric left-handed metamaterial based on dielectric resonator:design,simulation and experiment

Dipoles with Lorentz-type resonant electromagnetic responses can realise negative effective parameters in their negative resonant region. The electric dipole and magnetic dipole can realise, respectively, negative permittivity and negative permeability, so both the field distribution forms of electric and magnetic dipoles are fundamentals in designing left-handed metamaterial. Based on this principle, this paper studies the field distribution in high-permittivity dielectric materials. The field distributions at different resonant modes are analysed based on the dielectric resonator theory. The origination and influence factors of the electric and magnetic dipoles are confirmed. Numerical simulations indicate that by combining dielectric cubes with different sizes, the electric resonance frequency and magnetic resonance frequency can be superposed. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of all-dielectric left-handed metamaterial composed by this means.

Electric dipole moment function and line intensities for the ground state of carbon monxide

An accurate electric dipole moment function(EDMF) is obtained for the carbon monoxide(CO) molecule(X1+Σ)by fitting the experimental rovibrational transitional moments. Additionally, an accurate ab initio EDMF is found using the highly accurate, multi-reference averaged coupled-pair functional(ACPF) approach with the basis set, aug-cc-p V6 Z, and a finite-field with ±0.005 a.u.(The unit a.u. is the abbreviation of atomic unit). This ab initio EDMF is very consistent with the fitted ones. The vibrational transition matrix moments and the Herman–Wallis factors, calculated with the Rydberg–Klein–Rees(RKR) potential and the fitted and ab initio EDMFs, are compared with experimental measurements. The consistency of these line intensities with the high-resolution transmission(HITRAN) molecular database demonstrates the improved accuracy of the fitted and ab initio EDMFs derived in this work.

Simulation of anyons by cold atoms with induced electric dipole moment

We show that it is possible to simulate an anyon by a trapped atom which possesses an induced electric dipole moment in the background of electric and magnetic fields in a specific configuration.The electric and magnetic fields we applied contain a magnetic and two electric fields.We find that when the atom is cooled down to the limit of the negligibly small kinetic energy,the atom behaves like an anyon because its angular momentum takes fractional values.The fractional part of the angular momentum is determined by both the magnetic and one of the electric fields.Roles electric and magnetic fields played are analyzed.

Strong near-field couplings of anapole modes and formation of higher-order electromagnetic modes in stacked all-dielectric nanodisks

We theoretically study the near-field couplings of two stacked all-dielectric nanodisks,where each disk has an electric anapole mode consisting of an electric dipole mode and an electric toroidal dipole(ETD)mode.Strong bonding and anti-bonding hybridizations of the ETD modes of the two disks occur.The bonding hybridized ETD can interfere with the dimer’s electric dipole mode and induce a new electric anapole mode.The anti-bonding hybridization of the ETD modes can induce a magnetic toroidal dipole(MTD)response in the disk dimer.The MTD and magnetic dipole resonances of the dimer form a magnetic anapole mode.Thus,two dips associated with the hybridized modes appear on the scattering spectrum of the dimer.Furthermore,the MTD mode is also accompanied by an electric toroidal quadrupole mode.The hybridizations of the ETD and the induced higher-order modes can be adjusted by varying the geometries of the disks.The strong anapole mode couplings and the corresponding rich higher-order mode responses in simple all-dielectric nanostructures can provide new opportunities for nanoscale optical manipulations.

IMPROVEMENT OF EXPRESSION FOR EXCITATION BY AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE IN GTEM CELL

On the basis of Wilson's work in which the vertical electric dipole is centrally located in GHz Transverse ElectroMagnetic (GTEM) cell, we deduce the expression for the field distribution excited by an electric dipole in the case that the dipole is not centrally located. It will be useful for EMC measurements using GTEM cell.

Asymmetry of Neoclassical Transport by Dipole Electric Field

Effects of dipole electric fields on neoclassical transport are studied. Large asym-metry in transport is created. The dipole fields, which are in a negative R-direction, reduce theion drift, increase electron drift, and change the steps of excursion due to collisions. It is foundthat different levels of dipole field intensities have different types of transport. For the lowestlevel of the dipole field, the transport returns to the neoclassical one. For the highest level of thedipole field, the transport is turned to be the turbulence transport similar to the pseudo-classicaltransport. Experimental data may be corresponded to a large level of the dipole field intensity.

Design of a Magneto-Electric Dipole Element for Mobile Communication Base Station Antennas

The magneto-electric dipole antenna is a kind of complementary antenna composed of a planar electric dipole and a shorted patch antenna. It has excellent electrical characteristics including wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, low back lobe radiation, nearly identical E-plane and H-plane patterns, stable radiation pattern, and steady antenna gain over the operating frequency range. In this paper, the basic characteristics of a linearly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna are reviewed, and a dual-polarized antenna element based on the magneto-electric dipole is presented. The design of a conical beam wideband antenna with horizontal polarization is also described. These antennas have practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, and WiMax wireless communication systems.

Calculation of Constitutive Parameters from Electric and Magnetic Field Measurements in an Anisotropic Medium with a Triaxial Instrument

A hypothetical electric and magnetic induction tensor is considered in an anisotropic medium. The sources are magnetic dipoles. In such a medium, constitute parameters can be calculated by combining electric and magnetic field measurements. Constitutive parameters are not a scalar in this case. They are tensors, so parameters have at least both horizontal and vertical components in a uniaxial medium. These calculated parameters from the field measurement are horizontal and vertical conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability. Operating frequency range is also quite large. It is up to 4 GHz. A hypothetical instrument should measure gradient fields both electric and magnetic types as well.

Intrinsically asymmetric atomic character regulates piezoelectricity in two-dimensional materials

Decreasing of layer thickness causes the decrease of polarization until it disappears due to the existence of depolarization field.Therefore,the search for strong piezoelectric materials is highly desirable for multifunctional ultra-thin piezoelectric devices.Herein,we propose a common strategy for achieving strong piezoelectric materials through the electronic asymmetry induced by the intrinsically asymmetric atomic character of different chalcogen atoms.Accordingly,in the tetrahedral lattice structures,for example,M4X3Y3(M=Pd/Ni,X/Y=S,Se or Te,X≠Y)monolayers are proved to display excellent out-of-plane piezoelectricity.Ni4Se3Te3 possesses the largest piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 61.57 pm/V,which is much larger than that of most 2D materials.Enhancing the electronic asymmetry further increases the out-of-plane piezoelectricity of Janus M4X3Y3 materials.Correspondingly,the out-of-plane piezoelectricity is positively correlated with the ratio of electronegativity difference(Red)and the electric dipole moment(P).This work provides alternative materials for energy harvesting nano-devices or self-energized wearable devices,and supplies a valuable guideline for predicting 2D materials with strong out-of-plane piezoelectricity.

Three-dimensional land FD-CSEM forward modeling using edge finite-element method

A modeling tool for simulating three-dimensional land frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic surveys,based on a finite-element discretization of the Helmholtz equation for the electric fields,has been developed.The main difference between our modeling method and those previous works is edge finite-element approach applied to solving the three-dimensional land frequency-domain electromagnetic responses generated by horizontal electric dipole source.Firstly,the edge finite-element equation is formulated through the Galerkin method based on Helmholtz equation of the electric fields.Secondly,in order to check the validity of the modeling code,the numerical results are compared with the analytical solutions for a homogeneous half-space model.Finally,other three models are simulated with three-dimensional electromagnetic responses.The results indicate that the method can be applied for solving three-dimensional electromagnetic responses.The algorithm has been demonstrated,which can be effective to modeling the complex geo-electrical structures.This efficient algorithm will help to study the distribution laws of3-D land frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic responses and to setup basis for research of three-dimensional inversion.

C_3-Symmetric Molecules with Axial Chirality and Handed Arrangement of Dipole Fields

Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. Logically,chiral molecules may possess other inherent physical quantity that guarantees the connection to the physical world[6,7].