Overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-gold nanoparticles-graphene-modified electrode for the simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid

An innovative,ternary nanocomposite composed of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(OPEDOT),gold nanoparticles(Au NPs),and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide(ERGO)was prepared on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)(OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE)through homogeneous chemical reactions and heterogeneous electrochemical methods.The morphology,composition,and structure of this nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The electrochemical properties of the OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO/GCE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry using potassium ferricyanide and hexaammineruthenium(III)chloride redox probe systems.This modified electrode shows excellent electro-catalytic activity for dopamine(DA)and uric acid(UA)under physiological p H conditions,but inhibits the oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA).Linear voltammetric responses were obtained when DA concentrations of approximately 4.0-100μM and UA concentrations of approximately 20-100μM were used.The detection limits(S/N=3)for DA and UA were 1.0 and 5.0μM,respectively,under physiological conditions and in the presence of 1.0 m M of AA.This developed method was applied to the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in human urine,where satisfactory recoveries from 96.7%to 105.0%were observed.This work demonstrates that the developed OPEDOT-Au NPs-ERGO ternary nanocomposite,with its excellent ion-selectivity and electro-catalytic activity,is a promising candidate for the simultaneous detection of DA and UA in the presence of AA in physiological and pathological studies.

Synthesis and Bio-activities of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)/Poly(styrene sulfonate)(PSS)/Gelatin Layer on Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)-coated Glass

Poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene） （PEDOT）, together with its dopes, such as poly （styrene sulfonate） （PSS）, has been acknowledged to have a wide range of biomedical applications as an important conducting polymer. In this study, gelatin can be polymerized into PEDOT/PSS polymers on indium tin oxide （ITO）-coated glass. PEDOT/PSS/gelatin layer on ITO-coated glass significantly decreases electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and increases charge delivery capacity relative to the gelatin layer and bare ITO- coated glass, comparable to the PEDOT/PSS layer on ITO-coated glass. PEDOT/PSS/gelatin layer on ITO- coated glass enhances pheochromocytoma （PC 12） cell affinity, possesses a high biocompatibility and promotes PC 12 cell growth by delivery of electrical stimulation. These results suggest that gelatin can be incorporated into the PEDOT/PSS polymers through electrochemical polymerization and the PEDOT/PSS/gelatin layer on ITO-coated glass possesses high electrochemical and biological activities.

Chemical Oxidative Synthesis and Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)

[Objective] This paper was to introduce the chemical oxidative synthesis process, properties and test methods of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT). [Method] The poor water solubility of EDOT was solved by using polyethylene glycol 20000(PEG) as the surfactant. The monomer was polymerized by chemical oxidative synthesis. The product was analyzed and verified by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra.[Result] The conductivity of the product was the best when the mass ratio of PEG and EDOT was 1∶1. The effects of oxidant dose and reaction time on the conductivity and yield of the product showed certain regularity. [Conclusion] EDOT could be polymerized by PEG and FeCl3, and the polymerization product was PEDOT.

反离子聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)薄膜的热电性能研究进展

反离子的选择对电化学聚合聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)薄膜的结构和热电性能的影响备受关注,在已报道的聚合物薄膜中,PEDOT:聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PSS)、PEDOT:甲苯磺酸盐(Tos)、PEDOT:高氯酸(ClO_(4))和PEDOT:三氟甲磺酸酯(OTf)等被广泛研究。文中综合分析了不同类型反离子对PEDOT薄膜热电性能的应用研究,重点阐述了PEDOT:PSS和PEDOT:Tos提高热电性能的工艺方法,PEDOT:PSS薄膜具有高电导率、可水处理和热稳定性高等特点,二次掺杂、化学去掺杂和连续处理工艺能有效提高其热电性能,但是PSS有亲水性的限制;而Tos具有疏水性,且PEDOT:Tos薄膜能够有效平衡赛贝克系数和电导率的关系;其它的PEDOT:ClO_(4)和PEDOT:OTf等薄膜对热电性能也起到了一定的促进作用。最后,展望了反离子聚合PEDOT薄膜作为柔性热电器件和可穿戴电子器件的开发和实际应用。对进一步研究新的反离子聚合具有一定的参考价值。

Overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-overoxidized polypyrrole composite films with enhanced electrocatalytic ability for rutin and luteolin determination

In this study, a simple and effective method was proposed to improve the electrocatalytic ability of overoxidized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-overoxidized polypyrrole composite films modified on glassy carbon electrode for rutin and luteolin determination. The composite electrode was prepared by cyclic voltammetry copolymerization with LiClO_(4)-water as the supporting electrolyte. The peak current of rutin and luteolin on the composite electrode gradually decreased or even disappeared with the increase in the positive potential limit. After incubation in NaOH–ethanol solution with a volume ratio of 1:1, the composite electrodes prepared at positive potential limit greater than 1.5 V exhibited enhanced differential pulse voltammetry peak currents, reduced charge transfer resistance, larger effective specific surface area and higher electron transfer rate constant. The composite electrode prepared in the potential range of 0–1.7 V showed optimal electrocatalytic performance. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the content of –SO_(2)/–SO and –C=N– groups in the composite film increased significantly after incubation. Further, the Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the thiophene ring structure changed from benzene-type to quinone-type, and the quinone-type pyrrole ring was formed. The electrocatalytic mechanism of the composite film was proposed based on the experimental results and further verified by Density Functional Theory calculation.

Facile preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)/Ag2Te nanorod composite films for flexible thermoelectric generator

In this work,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)coated silver telluride(PCeAg2Te)nanorods were prepared by a wet-chemical method using the PEDOT:PSS coated tellurium(PCeTe)nanorods as the templates.Flexible PCeAg2Te nanocomposite film on polyethersulfone(PES)substrate was prepared through vacuum filtration followed by mechanical pressing process.An optimal PCeAg2Te nanocomposite film showed a maximum power factor of 143.3 mW/mK^(2) at room temperature and 221.7 μW/mK^(2 ) at 373 K.The electrical conductivity of the PCeAg2Te composite film decreased by3.3%after bending for 1000 times around a rod with a radius of 5 mm.An eight-leg thermoelectric generator assembled with the optimal PCeAg2Te nanocomposite film generated a maximum output power and output density of 209.4 nW and 141.5 mW/cm^(2) at a temperature gradient of 30.3 K.This work provides a facile method to prepare thermoelectric materials for flexible thermoelectric generators.

Structural characteristics and the label-free detection of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril)pseudorotaxane at single molecule level

A multi-technique approach to prove the preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/cucurbit[7]uril)pseudorotaxanes(PEDOT∙CB7-PPs)is reported.Molecular docking simulation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI MS)validate the complexation ability of the CB7 molecule towards 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT),which leads to the EDOT∙CB7 inclusion complex.Oxidative polymerization of EDOT∙CB7 enabled the synthesis of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The water-soluble part of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs was selected,freeze-dried,and chemically characterized.Furthermore,dynamic light scattering(DLS)has been used to study the particle size and z-potential(ZP-ζ)of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs.The ZP-ζvalue(35 mV)evidenced that the PEDOT∙CB7-PPs formed stable water dispersion.By combining the emerging nanopore resistive pulse sensing technique(Np-RPS)and computational modeling,we identified strong interactions of PEDOT∙CB7-PPs with the aerolysin(Ael)nanopore.PEDOT∙CB7-PPs behave as positive charged species,and thus trans negative bias promotes its interactions with the Ael nanopore.The computational modeling results are fully consistent with the Np-RPS detection,which also reveals strong interactions between PEDOT∙CB7-PPs and the Ael nanopore.With this study,we hope to provide new insights and a better understanding of the interactions between supramolecular complexes based on CB7 and biological entities,which is instrumental for future applications in the field of nanobiotechnology.

3,4-二氧乙基噻吩及其聚合物的制备与应用进展

聚(3,4-二氧乙基噻吩)(PEDOT)是目前发现的导电态最稳定的导电高分子之一,对聚PEDOT及其单体3,4-二氧乙基噻吩(EDOT)的制备方法进行了综述,并介绍了PEDOT在抗静电、电解电容器、有机光电材料和传感器领域的研究和应用。

聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)复合材料的制备及性能研究

以带亲水基的四种不同的磺酸为掺杂剂,通过化学氧化聚合制备了相应的聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)复合材料,通过红外色谱和SEM进行表征,对比测试了掺杂剂种类用量、氧化剂的配比以及反应时间等影响因素对产品电导性的影响。结果表明,以樟脑磺酸作掺杂剂的PEDOT的复合材料空间结构特殊,导电性最好。

Fabrication of nanocomposite electrochemical sensors with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)conductive polymer and Au nanoparticles adsorbed on carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose

Au nanoparticles(AuNPs)were prepared by reducing HAuCl4 with NaBH4,and then adsorbed uniformly on the surface of carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose(CNCC).The obtained AuNPs/CNCC particles were doped into a conductive polymer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)to yield a highly conductive nanocomposite,which was deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode(GCE)by an electrochemical method.The PEDOT/AuNPs/CNCC nanocomposite showed low electrochemical impedance and good electrocatalytic activity toward ascorbic acid.Based on this novel nanocomposite material,an amperometric sensor was developed for the detection of ascorbic acid with a detection limit as low as 0.29μM.When operated at-0.15 V,the sensor detected ascorbic acid in the range of 0.88μM to 15000μM.

POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE METHANOL)/ASCORBATE OXIDASE/NAFION-SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES BIOSENSOR FOR VOLTAMMETRIC DETECTION OF VITAMIN C

Vitamin C （VC） content in commercial juices was voltammetrically determined using a highly selective and sensitive poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol）/ascorbate oxidase/Nafion-single-walled carbon nanotubes （PEDOTM/AO/Nation-SWCNT） biosensor. The biocompatible PEDOTM matrix was prepared facilely by the one-step electrochemical deposition technique in lithium perehlorate aqueous solutions. AO was dip-coated on the surface of the biocompatible PEDOTM matrix. The mixture of Nafion-SWCNT was dip-cast onto the surface of AO layer when it was obtained by blending Nation solution and SWCNT dispersion together in a volume ratio of 1：1. The prepared PEDOTM/AO/Nafion-SWCNT biosensor was used for the voltammetric determination of VC, which exhibited the good linear range （4.0 ~ 10-s-3 x 10-s mol/L）, low detection limit （13 I^mol/L）, pronounced sensitivity （1.4072 mA （mmol/L） i cm 2）, high bioaftinity （low apparent Michaelis-Menten constant）, good stability （good repeatability）, high specificity （good anti-interference ability） coupled with the good reliability and feasibility （the determination of VC in commercial juices）. Meanwhile, the good aqueous solubility and the low onset oxidation potential of EDOTM will be more beneficial to the application in biosensor field compared to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Moreover, the good biocompatibility of PEDOTM matrix and high selectivity of Nation-SWCNT films also provide a promising platform for the development of biosensing devices.

BOWL-SHAPED POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE)/γ-Fe_2O_3 COMPOSITES WITH ELECROMAGNETIC FUNCTION

In this paper, electromagnetic poly（3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene）/γ-Fe2O3 （PEDOT/γ-Fe2O3 ） micro-bowls, 1-2 gm in diameter, were prepared by a simple environment-friendly process. In this method, the aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） instead of any organic solvent was used. FeC13 acted as a source of FeIII for the formation of γ-Fe2O3 and as an oxidant for the polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene （EDOT）. The bowl-shaped morphology of PEDOT/γ-Fe2O3 composites was strongly influenced by the concentration of CTAB, FeCl2, ammonia solution and the reaction temperature. The saturation magnetization of PEDOT/γ-Fe2O3 micro-bowls increased with the increase of FeC12 concentration and reached 6.20 AmE/kg at the FeCl2 concentration of 0.30 mol/L. The conductivity of the PEDOT/γ-Fe2O3 composites was in the range of 101 S/cm. The electrical and magnetic sources of PEDOT/γ-Fe2O3 micro-bowls were confirmed by SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD and XPS spectra. And the possible formation mechanism of PEDOT//7：Fe203 was proposed.

UiO-67基导电复合材料的制备及其热电性能研究

热电材料能够实现热能与电能之间直接转换,在绿色制冷、废热回收等领域具有广阔的应用前景。目前,对热电材料的研究主要集中在无机半导体材料和导电高分子材料上,虽然取得了很大进展,但探索其它新型热电材料仍具有重要意义。金属–有机框架(Metal-Organic frameworks,MOFs)是一种由有机配体和金属离子或团簇通过配位键形成的晶态多孔材料,具有独特的多孔结构以及组分结构可调等优势,在一定程度上可以满足“电子晶体-声子玻璃”的要求。本研究采用导电客体分子促进电荷传输的策略,将导电高分子聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)原位聚合到锆基MOFs材料UiO-67中,利用MOFs的有序孔道对PEDOT分子链的限域作用,提升复合材料的电子传导能力。制备得到的PEDOT/UiO-67的电学性能研究表明,该复合材料室温电导率最高可达5.96×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1),比PEDOT高出1个数量级。同时,该材料具有热电性能响应,室温功率因子(Power Factor,PF)最高可达3.67×10^(−2)nW·m^(−1)·K^(−2)。本工作以MOF的有序孔道为反应平台,通过简单的原位聚合合成方法构建了导电聚合物/MOFs导电材料,为进一步开发MOFs基热电材料提供了参考。

PEDOT/Te纳米复合纤维的制备与热电性能

分别采用自组装胶束软模板法和化学热还原法制备了一维结构的聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)纳米纤维和Te纳米线,然后通过微量注射泵辅助的挤出成型法制备了不同Te质量分数的PEDOT/Te纳米复合纤维,并进一步采用热压处理提高纤维的热电性能。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对制备的PEDOT纳米纤维、Te纳米线及PEDOT/Te复合导电纤维的微观结构及组成进行了分析,探究了热压处理对导电纤维热电性能的影响。制备的PEDOT/Te纳米复合纤维的电导率随Te质量分数的升高呈下降趋势,Seebeck系数呈上升趋势,在Te质量分数为59%时,Seebeck系数由纯PEDOT的11μV/K升高到18μV/K。热压处理后,复合纤维的电导率和Seebeck系数均得到大幅度提升,主要归因于纤维致密度的提高以及Te纳米线之间更加高效载流子传输通道的构建,最终热压后复合纤维的最大功率因子由0.95μW/mK^(2)升高到3.0μW/mK^(2)。

Polymer-based thermoelectric materials:A review of power factor improving strategies

Thermoelectric(TE)materials are receiving increasing attention due to their ability to directly converting heat to electricity.They are used to harvest electrical energy from the wasted heat in order to increase the efficiency of global energy.Polymer-based TE materials are particularly fascinating to wearable and mobile devices due to their low density,good flexibility,and low toxicity.This review summarizes the recent breakthroughs and optimization strategies of polymer-based TE materials.Among a large number of different organic TE materials,those with remarkable TE performance are selected and divided into three categories,which are poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)derivatives,carbon nanotube/conductive polymer composites,and inorganic semiconductive nanomaterial/polymer composites.The effect of components and structures on the power factor are presented and discussed.Finally,some challenges are described and suggestions are provided for preparing the next-generation of polymer-based materials with high TE performance.

PEDOT:PSS导电性能优化方法的研究进展

导电高分子材料聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS)因其稳定性好、电导率高、溶液加工性好等优点而受到人们的广泛关注。PEDOT:PSS的电导率经化学或物理的方法处理后会有较大改变。对提高PEDOT:PSS材料电导率的方法进行了综述,通过掺杂(有机溶剂、无机纳米粒子、酸处理)、与碳材料复合等方法可以提高PEDOT:PSS的电导率,并对其以后的发展进行了展望。

化学聚合条件对导电聚合物作阴极钽电解电容器性能的影响

研究了在多孔Ta/Ta_2O_5阳极表面原位聚合PEDT导电聚合物膜的制备方法,重点讨论了化学聚合的组成、聚合温度、驱溶温度等对所制电容器性能的影响。研究结果表明,所用氧化剂与单体EDT的比例保持在3～6范围内有益于提高电容器高频性能即降低ESR值;随着聚合温度的升高,对电容器的损耗有一定的影响;驱溶温度对被覆的薄膜导电性有较大影响,表现为电容器的ESR值变大。

PEDOT/尼龙复合织物的化学氧化聚合法制备

采用原位聚合氧化法制备聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)/尼龙复合织物,探讨了反应因素对PEDOT/尼龙导电复合织物导电性能的影响。研究了复合织物的表面形貌、化学组成、热稳定性和力学性能等。优化的整理工艺为:氧化剂Fe Cl3浓度0.2 mol/L,反应温度70℃,反应时间10 h,3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(EDOT)浓度0.1 mol/L,聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)质量浓度20 g/L。制得的复合织物具有较好的导电性能,织物的方阻为0.26 kΩ/□。复合织物表面包裹了PEDOT导电层,热稳定性略有下降,断裂强力和撕破强力有所降低。

聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)在电磁屏蔽领域的应用

随着现代电子信息技术的迅猛发展,电磁干扰问题日益严重,发展综合性能优异的电磁屏蔽材料具有重要意义.聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),PEDOT)具有分子结构简单、能隙小、电导率高等特点,为高性能电磁屏蔽材料的实现提供了新途径.同时,随着对材料电磁屏蔽性能研究的深入以及制备技术的进步,将PEDOT与其他材料复合,通过合理的组分选择与结构设计,可以协同发挥各组分间电磁匹配特性,从而使PEDOT更好地满足柔性显示、智能可穿戴设备、高频器件、高精密电子设备等应用领域对电磁屏蔽材料"厚度薄、密度低、屏蔽强、屏蔽带宽宽"的具体要求.近年来,较多的研究致力于此并取得重要的成果.本文对以PEDOT为功能组分的电磁屏蔽材料的最新研究进展进行了综述,将近年来PEDOT及其与不同功能组分复合(包括导电组分、磁性组分及无电磁特性组分)构筑的电磁屏蔽材料体系的制备及电磁性能进行归纳总结,重点讨论电磁组分、微观结构与电磁屏蔽特性的联系,及其电磁屏蔽机理与性能优化方式,并对PEDOT在电磁屏蔽研究领域的机遇与挑战进行了展望.

Performance-enhanced and cost-effective triboelectric nanogenerator based on stretchable electrode for wearable SpO2 monitoring

Recently,stretchable and wearable health monitoring equipment has greatly improved human’s daily life,which sets higher demands for portable power source in stretchability,sustainability,and biocompatibility.In this work,we proposed a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)based on stretchable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/porous carbon hybrid for oxyhemoglobin saturation(SpO2)monitoring.To combine advantages of carbon material for its high conductivity and organic electrode for its high stretchability,we spin-coated a solution of PEDOT:PSS/porous carbon onto a plasma-treated pre-stretched Ecoflex film to fabricate a stretchable electrode with rough surface.Due to its roughness and high potential difference with the dielectric material,the stretchable-electrode-based TENG exhibited better performance compared to the pristine TENG based on carbon or PEDOT:PSS material.The output voltage and current reached up to 51.5 V and 13.2μA as the carbon concentration increased.More importantly,the performance further increased under large strain(100%)which is suitable for wearable systems.Finally,the device demonstrated its application potential for powering a flexible blood oxygen monitor.This simple and cost-effective method can enhance the stretchability and stability of organic/inorganic electrode-based TENG,which paves the development of high-performance stretchable TENG.