Preface to Special Issue on Towards High Performance Ga_(2)O_(3) Electronics: Epitaxial Growth and Power Devices(Ⅰ)

There is currently great optimism within the electronics community that gallium oxide(Ga_(2)O_(3)) ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors have unprecedented prospects for eventually revolutionizing a rich variety of power electronic applications. Specially, benefiting from its ultra-high bandgap of around 4.8 eV, it is expected that the emerging Ga_(2)O_(3) technology would offer an exciting platform to deliver massively enhanced device performance for power electronics and even completely new applications.

Application of Power Electronics Converters in Renewable Energy

Against the backdrop of global energy shortages and increasingly severe environmental pollution,renewable energy is gradually becoming a significant direction for future energy development.Power electronics converters,as the core technology for energy conversion and control,play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of renewable energy systems.This paper explores the basic principles and functions of power electronics converters and their specific applications in photovoltaic power generation,wind power generation,and energy storage systems.Additionally,it analyzes the current innovations in high-efficiency energy conversion,multilevel conversion technology,and the application of new materials and devices.By studying these technologies,the aim is to promote the widespread application of power electronics converters in renewable energy systems and provide theoretical and technical support for achieving sustainable energy development.

The Advent of Wide Bandgap Green-Synthesized Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Nanoparticles for Applications in Optical and Electronic Devices

Power-electronic devices are widely used in various applications, such as voltage and frequency control for transmitting and converting electric power. As these devices are becoming increasingly important, there is a need to reduce their losses and improve their performance to reduce electric power consumption. Current power semiconductor devices, such as inverters, are made of silicon (Si), but the performance of these Si power devices is reaching its limit due to physical properties and energy bandgap. To address this issue, recent developments in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), offer the potential for a new generation of power semiconductor devices that can perform significantly better than silicon-based devices. In this research, a green synthesized copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticle is proposed as a new WBG semiconductor material that could be used for optical and electronic devices. Its synthesis, consisting of the production methods and materials used, is discussed. The characterization is also discussed, and further research is recommended in the later sections to enable the continual advancement of this technology.

Traction power substation balance and losses estimation in AC railways using a power transfer device through Monte Carlo analysis

The high dynamic power requirements present in modern railway transportation systems raise research challenges for an optimal operation of railway electrification. This paper presents a Monte Carlo analysis on the application of a power transfer device installed in the neutral zone and exchanging active power between two sections. The main analyzed parameters are the active power balance in the two neighbor traction power substations and the system power losses. A simulation framework is presented to comprise the desired analysis and a universe of randomly distributed scenarios are tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the power transfer device system. The results show that the density of trains and the relative branch length of a traction power substation should be considered in the evaluation phase of the best place to install a power transfer device, towards the reduction of the operational power losses, while maintaining the two substations balanced in terms of active power.

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price volatility.The performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)chargers.Additionally,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)technology.Power electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in V2G.Hence,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV applications.It examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power quality.These can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC converters.To address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV applications.Additionally,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV applications.This paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

A review of the most recent progresses of state-of-art gallium oxide power devices

Until very recently, gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) has aroused more and more interests in the area of power electronics due to its ultra-wide bandgap of 4.5–4.8 eV, estimated critical field of 8 MV/cm and decent intrinsic electron mobility limit of250 cm2/(V·s), yielding a high Baliga's figures-of-merit(FOM) of more than 3000, which is several times higher than GaN and SiC.In addition to its excellent material properties, potential low-cost and large size substrate through melt-grown methodology also endows β-Ga_2O_3 more potential for future low-cost power devices. This article focuses on reviewing the most recent advances ofβ-Ga_2O_3 based power devices. It will be starting with a brief introduction to the material properties of β-Ga_2O_3 and then the growth techniques of its native substrate, followed by the thin film epitaxial growth. The performance of state-of-art β-Ga_2O_3 devices, including diodes and FETs are fully discussed and compared. Finally, potential solutions to the challenges of β-Ga_2O_3 are also discussed and explored.

ANN-Based Identification of Steady-State Behavior Parameters of Composite Power Semiconductor Device Model

The paper describes the application of an ANN based approach to the identification of the parameters relevant to the steady state behavior of composite power electronic device models of circuit simulation software. The identification of model parameters of IGBT in PSPICE using BP neural network is illustrated.

Power Tensor Theory and Continuous Wavelet Transform

A model for the definition of electrical Power is presented, which retrieves the concepts of homomorphism from the geometrical tensor approximation at the wavelet approach. Their definition here is nevertheless different in that it considers both tensor algebra and wavelet operators, solving thus most of the problems usually associated with the numerical methods.

The General Configuration of CEV1 Electric Vehicle's Electrical System and the Design of Its Control Sequence

The general configuration of CEV1 electric vehicle’s electrical system and the design scheme of its control sequence are presented, which are modularized by using VMU as master control unit, PMU as power management unit, BMU as battery management unit. It is a rather advanced and practical general design scheme of electric vehicle, because the division of its module function is definite, which is advantage for research, manufacture and maintenance.

Towards a (More) Electronic Transmission and Distribution (eT&D)

The challenges and the path towards a(more)electronic transmission and distribution(eT&D)is presented in this paper.The challenges are first identified together with key stakeholders in the drive for grid modernization.A fundamental question is then asked about the investment priority.Six basic characteristics are reviewed,leading to the composition of structured microgrids as the basic functional cell of a modern grid.One example of fractal radial structure and one fractal meshed structure are presented.The likely evolution path is then proposed together with basic technology sets.Specific foundation technologies are discussed in detail,including adiabatic power conversion,3MC technology,medium voltage conversion,distribution-level electronic power transformer and FACTs hardware integration,and back-to-back converters as a universal interconnect element.The rapidly emerging on-wire sensing technology is also discussed.It is pointed out that the distribution-level large electronic power transformer will provide a key component to enable hybrid ac/dc grid flow control and ancillary support for a flexible electronic transmission and distribution(eT&D)systems.

欧洲汽车动力系统多元化的发展趋势和展望

当前,全球能源结构处在变革时期,低碳和零碳化是包括汽车行业在内的所有经济运行和规划活动中的重中之重。汽车动力系统的能源呈现多元化的发展趋势,始于轻型车的电动化已成为不可逆转的总体方向,而氢时代在到来之前面临各种技术和非技术类等诸多问题的挑战。电动化带来的一个更为广泛应用的新技术是人工智能(AI),从而使得汽车动力系统逐步突破传统设计方法的局限得以适应更加复杂的环境条件并获得高效率。该文介绍欧洲汽车动力系统电动化和多元化的发展趋势,针对欧盟正在考虑中的电力合成燃料等问题并结合动力系统智能化等发展趋势,对欧洲汽车技术领域在2035年前的研发动向作出相关思考以及展望。

“光储直柔”建筑配电系统应用研究

以某项目为例分析“光储直柔”在建筑物中的应用,并对“光储直柔”系统的应用场景、建筑直流配电系统的关注点及“光储直柔”系统关键设备进行阐述。

高比例分布式电源配电网中低压柔性互联协调规划

柔性互联技术是解决高比例分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)配电网面临诸多问题的有效手段之一。提出了一种基于多层优化的配电网中压与低压柔性互联协调规划方法。首先,建立基于电力电子柔性互联设备(flexible interconnected devices,FID)的中低压柔性互联配电网潮流模型。然后,构建三层协调规划模型,上层以低压FID年运行成本及台区变压器负载率的年方差最小为目标,中层以中压FID年运行成本及从上级电网年购电成本最小为目标,分别决策低压和中压FID的安装位置与容量,下层以各场景的从上级电网购电成本最小为目标优化系统运行,并采用自适应粒子群优化和二阶锥规划相结合的混合算法求解。最后,采用含高比例DG的IEEE 33节点配电网进行算例分析,通过柔性互联规划系统的年综合运行成本降低了19.01%,台区变压器负载率的年方差减少了82.59%,验证了所提规划模型的有效性。

一种基于磁耦合转移原理的10kV直流断路器

直流电流没有自然过零点,因此开断直流短路电流比开断交流短路电流更为困难。本文介绍一种基于磁耦合电流转移原理的中压10kV直流断路器拓扑方案,该断路器可实现对15kA直流电流的快速开断。首先,对直流断路器原理和控制逻辑进行介绍;然后,根据拓扑方案提出快速机械开关、电力电子开关、磁耦合装置等核心部件的设计思路;最后,搭建仿真模型对该方案进行仿真分析,模拟不同工况下的开断情况,仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性。

Failure Analysis of Power Electronic Devices and Their Applications under Extreme Conditions

Power electronic devices are the core components of modern power converters,not only for normal applications,but also for extreme conditions.Current design of power electronic devices require large redundancies for reliability.This results in huge volume and weight for a large-capacity power converter,especially for some extreme applications.Therefore,to optimize the power density,the reliability of power devices needs to be investigated first in order to obtain the accurate operational margin of a power device.Although much research on device failure analysis has been reported,there still lacks efficient failure evaluation methods.This paper first summarizes the current failure research.Then,a three-step failure analysis method of power electronic devices is proposed as:failure information collection,failure identification and mechanism,and failure evaluation.The physics-based modeling method is emphasized since it has a strong relationship with the device fundamentals.After that,power electronic device applications under extreme conditions are introduced and a design method of device under extreme conditions is proposed based on the thermal equilibrium idea.Finally,the challenges and prospects to improve the power device reliability under extreme conditions are concluded.

基于等效励磁电感的SiC串联器件型中压双有源桥变换器的软开关技术

基于SiC串联器件的双有源桥变换器因具有开关损耗小、功率密度高、能量控制简单等优势,有望成为中压变换场景中实现高频隔离的优选方案。为保证SiC串联器件的可靠均压,各器件上并联大容值缓冲电容,然而该设计使变换器在传输功率较低时难以实现零电压开通,严重影响变换器的整体效率和串联器件的可靠运行。该文通过构建SiC串联器件型中压双有源桥变换器多模态运行模型并深入分析其运行特性,提出一种基于等效励磁电感的无源软开关技术。所提技术可通过优化外接传输电感位置的方式实现中压侧等效励磁电感参数调节,从而在无额外控制前提下实现SiC串联器件的软开关范围扩展。最后,设计了4 kV/1 kV实验样机,实现了100 kW下运行。实验结果显示,所提出的软开关技术能显著地扩展变换器中SiC串联器件的软开关范围,在保证SiC串联器件均压稳定性的同时能够大幅降低变换器在轻载运行时的功耗。

多电飞机系统传导电磁干扰交互作用机理分析及建模

采用270 V直流配电的多电飞机系统中电力电子设备众多,单一设备的传导电磁干扰很容易影响其他设备。为了探究复杂工况下设备间的传导电磁干扰交互作用机理,以DC/DC变换器、DC/AC逆变器和电机及其驱动器三种典型设备为研究对象进行研究。首先,对典型设备依据功能划分不同的运行工况。然后,分别建立了各设备的高频等效模型,在此基础上建立系统的高频等效模型。根据不同运行工况,分别研究设备间的电磁干扰交互作用机理。研究发现,设备间的电磁干扰交互作用既体现在干扰源的增加,又体现在新传导路径的引入,新传导路径会造成新的谐振问题。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,基于设备间电磁干扰交互作用机理搭建的仿真模型对谐振尖峰幅值的预测结果与实验误差在5 dBμV以内,模型符合度很好,证明了机理分析和建模的正确性。

用于货架电子设备的准无线电能传输技术

本文提出了一种可为金属货架上的微功耗电子设备以准无线方式供电或充电的技术。该技术包括发射和接收两部分,高频发射电源连接到货架层板以提供电能,接收电路使用集总元件,可以内置到电子设备中。通过分析电场耦合,建立了单接收及双接收系统的电路模型,并分析了功率效率传输特性。仿真及实验系统验证了所提技术的可行性。结果表明,接收设备可在货架平台内的任意位置获得稳定的电功率。接收设备数量增加时,系统的传输效率得以提高。六接收设备时,单个功率仍能在500 mW以上,足以驱动显示牌类的微功耗电子设备。

计及碳交易的热电联产-储热-电锅炉风电消纳策略

为解决传统热电联产机组的热电耦合特性以及冬季采暖期间弃风消纳问题,提出了计及碳交易含储热热电联产机组和电锅炉联合运行的弃风消纳策略。首先将储热设备、电锅炉与热电联产机组联合运行来满足系统所需热负荷,从而提高热电联产机组电调峰能力。其次,为进一步控制碳排放量,引入阶梯式碳交易与优化电锅炉运行模式,兼顾系统运行成本、弃风消纳量以及碳排放量,构建计及碳交易的热电联产-储热-电锅炉风电消纳模型并进行求解。最后,以IEEE-30节点为例进行算例分析,结果表明所提策略能够有效促进风电消纳、减少碳排放量且有效降低系统运行成本。