Measurement-based approach for identification of static load model of electric power system

The validity of electric power system simulation or prediction models depends on static load model. Measurement- based approach is the unique method to identify them adequately. The measured power depends on both load reaction to supply voltage alteration and random process of load alteration Basically, there is no any universal method that can single out the inherent static load model from experimental data. The paper offers a proprietary technique which is the particular solution of the task. The technique considers the selection of neighboring measurement pairs with the supply voltage altering significantly be-tween them, the exclusion of selected pairs by load power factor and subsequent selection of the inherent static load model presented as the polynomial load model. The usage of the technique to identify static load model at “Fenster” industrial enterprise （in Borisov city） is presented. The ideas considered in the paper can be used for future development of static load model identification methods with the data obtained during both active experiment and in other operating models of electric power systems.

Distributed Model Predictive Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Power System with DFIGs

Reliable load frequency control LFC is crucial to the operation and design of modern electric power systems. Considering the LFC problem of a four-Area interconnected power system with wind turbines, this paper presents a distributed model predictive control DMPC based on coordination scheme. The proposed algorithm solves a series of local optimization problems to minimize a performance objective for each control area. The generation rate constraints GRCs, load disturbance changes, and the wind speed constraints are considered. Furthermore, the DMPC algorithm may reduce the impact of the randomness and intermittence of wind turbine effectively. A performance comparison between the proposed controller with and without the participation of the wind turbines is carried out. Analysis and simulation results show possible improvements on closed-loop performance, and computational burden with the physical constraints. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Power Quality Issues Concerning Photovoltaic Generation and Electrical Vehicle Loads in Distribution Grids

The high utilization level of renewable generation including residential photovoltaic (PV) systems together with the uncontrolled charging of electric vehicles (EVs) can have a significant impact on load characteristics in distribution networks. Harmonic content of PV generation, EV charging loads, and their influence on power quality indicators in residential distribution networks are discussed in this paper. For investigating likely power quality scenarios, PV generation and EV charging measurement results including current harmonic amplitude and phase angle values are used and compared with present load characteristics. Different modelling scenarios are analysed and a simplified model of harmonics in PVs and EVs is offered. The results of the study show moderate additional harmonic distortion in residential load current and voltage distortion at the substation’s busbar when PV generation and EV loading are added. The scenarios presented in this paper can be further used for modelling the actual harmonic loads of the PVs and EVs in distribution networks.

Vehicles PEMFC Power System Mathematical Model for Integrated Design

In this paper, the mathematical dynamical model of a PEMFC （proton exchange membrane fuel cells） stack, integrated with an automotive synchronous electrical power drive, developed in Matlab environment, is shown. Lots of simulations have been executed in many load conditions. In this paper, the load conditions regarding an electrical vehicle for disabled people is reported. The innovation in this field concerns the integration, in the PEMFC stack mathematical dynamic model, of a synchronous electrical power drive for automotive purposes. Goal of the simulator design has been to create an useful tool which is able to evaluate the behaviour of the whole system so as to optimize the components choose. As regards the simulations with a synchronous electrical power drive, the complete mathematical model allows to evaluate the PEMFC stack performances and electrochemical efficiency.

Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles based on a Wireless Power Transmission

In this paper,the case of a battery charger for electric vehicles based on a wireless power transmission is addressed.The specificity of every stage of the overall system is presented.Based on calculated and measured results,relevant capacitive compensations of the transformer and models are suggested and discussed in order to best match the operating mode and aiming at simplifying as much as possible the control and the electronics of the charger.

基于荷-储碳流模型的电力系统双层优化调度

为减少高耗能机组出力,同时增加风电消纳能力,考虑负荷和储能两类灵活调用资源,提出基于荷-储碳放流模型的电力系统双层经济低碳优化调度方法。基于电力系统碳排放流理论,分别建立负荷和储能设备的碳排放流模型;设计考虑荷-储协同优化的低碳调度策略,在负荷侧建立基于负荷节点碳势的电-碳耦合价格需求响应模型,同时鉴于荷侧降碳调节的局限性,在储能侧建立基于碳流模型的低碳调度策略,实现荷-储协同低碳调度策略;考虑经济性和低碳性,建立包含上层经济调度、下层低碳调度的双层优化调度模型。通过改进IEEE-14节点系统对优化调度方法进行仿真验证,结果表明:提出的优化调度方法在保证经济性的同时,减少了弃风,并降低了高耗能机组出力,从而有效降低了全系统的碳排放。

基于Prophet-XGBoost组合模型的极端温度事件下负荷预测

气候变化对城市的影响日益加剧,频发的极端温度事件导致城市电力系统供需不平衡问题凸显,精确的需求侧电力负荷预测成为提升电力系统适应性从而支持城市功能稳定性的关键。本文开发了一种适用于极端温度事件下负荷预测的组合模型,结合时间序列模型Prophet和机器学习模型XGBoost,有效表征极端温度影响下的电力负荷波动趋势。实验结果表明,相比传统单一模型,组合模型显著提高了极端温度事件下的电力负荷预测精度,在增强城市电力系统对气候变化适应性方面具有较强的有效性,从而为电力调度等电力系统应急管理工作提供了更可靠的支持。

夏季气象电力负荷相关性分析模型修正方法——以北京为例

气象电力负荷相关性分析对电力负荷预测影响关键,需根据实际数据对相关性经验模型修正。基于综合气象指数、积温效应以及电力负荷与气象因素相关性分析经验公式,提出一种夏季气象负荷相关性模型修正方法;采用负荷趋势分析和Python爬取提取气象负荷与气象数据,提高分析数据的精准性;通过对比分析负荷与单气象因子、综合气象指数以及两种积温效应修正的相关系数,结合负荷与气象指标随时间变化趋势吻合度,确定适用于相关性分析的最优指标参数,进而构建气象负荷与最优指标参数之间的拟合关系式,并以2019年北京夏季主城区为例应用验证。结果表明,与单气象因素相比,电力负荷、气象负荷和综合气象指数的相关性更强;各综合气象指数中,基于日平均气温的酷热指数与气象负荷的相关系数最高;2种积温修正方法中,考虑累积效应系数的方法对气温的修正效果更好,修正后气温与气象负荷的相关系数提高7.39%;基于修正气温的酷热指数与气象负荷的相关性较未修正时均有所提高,与负荷的变化趋势更接近;以酷热指数和修正后温度为自变量构建的气象负荷拟合关系式与实际值的吻合度高于参考的经验公式。

几种家用大功率负荷精细化建模研究

该文基于家用负荷的物理模型、用户的使用习惯和用户的舒适度要求,提出了家用大功率负荷的精细化建模方法,该方法可应用于家庭能量管理系统,具有良好的应用前景。首先,建立考虑电热水器负荷的精细化热力学动态模型,考虑气温、墙体等因素的空调房间的精细化热力学动态模型和电动汽车负荷的精细化储能模型;然后,建立这三种负荷的精细化控制模型,通过自定义家庭算例将不同个性化的精细化参数模型对比分析。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该文建立的精细化动态模型能够准确描述用户的用电规律,对用户积极参与到电力系统需求响应中去起到促进作用。

基于离心机实验的海上风力机大直径单桩桩土作用研究

地基基础是海上风电结构所受载荷的最终承载者,针对中国沿海软弱超固结软土地基开展力学特性研究。通过离心模型试验方法对单桩基础形式的静力特性进行分析和对比。研究结果揭示通过离心模型试验模拟桩基础的有效性,该方法能准确捕捉现场地基的应力分布及桩与土体之间的相互作用特性。在软黏土环境中,针对不同直径的单桩进行的分析表明,其变形行为及桩土相互作用机制呈现出显著的差异性。规范中的p-y曲线不适用于中国近海土质,据试验结果提出地基无量纲水平抗力系数随埋深变化和与循环应力幅值相关的循环弱化因子计算模型。

省级电力企业标准数字化试点应用实践

本文聚焦于数字化在国家电网标准中的应用,尤其是在低碳电力、负荷管理、网架调控与运行等场景中的应用。通过对关键技术的研究、实施路径的探索以及实践应用的分析,提出了一套系统化、可操作的标准数字化建设规划,为省级电力标准数字化建设提供参考。

基于实测频率振型的大跨斜拉桥响应面模型修正研究

为了验证基于实测频率和振型的响应面模型修正方法的准确性与可行性,以某大跨斜拉桥为工程背景,分别进行静载试验和环境激励下的模态测试。以竖向前4阶实测频率及振型作为状态变量,选取合理的修正参数,进行中心复合试验设计;采用考虑交互项的响应面模型进行数据拟合,并计算参数R^(2)值的范围,进行精度检验;分析频率及振型的改变率,将修正后模型的挠度与实测挠度进行对比,验证该模型修正的准确性。结果表明:在参数范围内,各响应面模型的R^(2)值均接近于1,拟合精度较高;修正后模型的频率与振型均接近实测值,能准确反映桥梁的动力特性;修正后模型的挠度计算值与实测值最大误差不超过7.98%,满足工程精度要求,能够真实反映大跨斜拉桥的工作状态。研究证明了基于实测频率与振型的响应面模型修正方法对大跨斜拉桥的适用性和可行性,可为实际工程中类似桥梁的模型修正提供参考。

变电站交直流轮换试验不间断电源装置研究

变电站日常运维中,在固定的维护周期内,需要在不同电源之间切换,以确保双电源的可使用性、安全性以及完整性。虽然是双电源,但是在2种电源来回切换之间还是存在短暂的断电。文章结合现场实际进行分析,研究变电站交直流轮换试验不间断电源装置,设计供电旁路,有效避免变电站交直流系统轮换过程中出现间接性停电与设备冲击,同时设置完善电气闭锁逻辑,避免误操作导致的电源短路合环事故。

Time series modeling and filtering method of electric power load stochastic noise

Stochastic noises have a great adverse effect on the prediction accuracy of electric power load.Modeling online and filtering real-time can effectively improve measurement accuracy.Firstly,pretreating and inspecting statistically the electric power load data is essential to characterize the stochastic noise of electric power load.Then,set order for the time series model by Akaike information criterion(AIC)rule and acquire model coefficients to establish ARMA(2,1)model.Next,test the applicability of the established model.Finally,Kalman filter is adopted to process the electric power load data.Simulation results of total variance demonstrate that stochastic noise is obviously decreased after Kalman filtering based on ARMA(2,1)model.Besides,variance is reduced by two orders,and every coefficient of stochastic noise is reduced by one order.The filter method based on time series model does reduce stochastic noise of electric power load,and increase measurement accuracy.

Novel grey forecast model and its application

The advancement of grey system theory provides an effective analytic tool for power system load fore-cast. All kinds of presently available grey forecast models can be well used to deal with the short-term load fore-cast. However, they make big errors for medium or long-term load forecasts, and the load that does not satisfythe approximate exponential increasing law in particular. A novel grey forecast model that is capable of distin-guishing the increasing law of load is adopted to forecast electric power consumption (EPC) of Shanghai. Theresults show that this model can be used to greatly improve the forecast precision of EPC for a secondary industryor the whole society.

Control-Based Stabilization of DC Microgrid for More Electric Aircraft

Electrifying the on-board subsystems of aircraft becomes an inevitable process as being faced with the environmental pollution,along with the proposed concept called more electric aircraft(MEA).With the increasing number of on-board power electronic based devices,the distribution system of the aircraft can be regarded as an onboard microgrid.As it is known that the load power electronic converters can exhibit constant power load(CPL)characteristics and reduce the system stability,it is necessary to accurately predict and enhance the system stability in designing process.This paper firstly analyzes the stability of an on-board DC microgrid with the presence of CPL.Then,discusses the reasons behind instability and proposes a control strategy to enhance system stability.Finally,the simulation results are worked out to validate the analysis and the effect of the proposed control strategy.

基于需求侧用户响应分析的电-气-热综合能源系统低碳经济调度

在低碳经济的背景下,为充分发挥供需双侧的互动潜力,提出一种考虑综合需求响应(IDR)和碳交易的电-气-热综合能源系统(EGH-IES)双层低碳经济调度模型。首先,提出考虑多能负荷自身特性、耦合特性和反弹效应的IDR模型和用户权衡经济效益、响应方式和用能偏好的综合效益模型。基于此,建立上层模型为引入奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制的EGHIES低碳经济调度,下层模型为IDR策略的双层优化调度模型。然后,通过Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件、对偶定理和线性化方法将双层模型转换为混合整数线性规划问题进行求解。最后,算例分析表明,综合考虑碳交易和多元负荷特性能促进供需双侧的联合优化,充分发挥EGH-IES的经济低碳性。

基于多目标优化组合模型的电力负荷预测

提出一种基于多目标优化的组合模型(CM),对短期电力负荷需求进行预测.将电力负荷数据预处理后,结合神经网络算法和改进后的多目标蜻蜓算法优化模型的权重.将CM分别通过2018、2019年的电力负荷数据集进行分析验证.在2019年电力负荷时间序列数据集的预测中,CM预测的平均绝对误差百分比MApe平均值为0.63%,与MApe最高的H-Elman算法相比低3.28%.结果表明,CM在短期电力负荷预测中具有较高的准确率.对CM与实验分析中涉及的基准模型进行迪堡马里亚诺检验,CM和绝大多数的基准模型得到的统计量值均大于99%的置信概率临界值.

新型电力系统下大规模电动汽车接入对配电网的影响

随着人们对环保的重视,电动汽车逐渐进入人们的生产生活中。同时随着“双碳”目标及新型电力系统的发展,电动汽车作为交通电气化的重点内容得到规模化发展。但电动汽车充电具有需求和地点双随机的特点,大规模充电设施接入将对配电网产生不小的冲击。为清晰了解电动汽车接入电网的适应性,文章采用PSCAD构建电动汽车接入电网模型,对接入的节点电压、电能质量方面的影响进行仿真,并对负荷特性影响进行研究。研究表明电动汽车接入增加了电网负荷,使得电网电压有所降低,电动汽车负荷接入线路末端时,电压降低效果最明显;对电网电能质量的影响主要集中在谐波方面,其中5、7次谐波含量最高;大规模电动汽车接入电网后的无序充电会造成系统峰谷差增大,对电网的规划运行造成严重影响,成为新型电力系统规划需要考虑的重要内容。