A collision model, an automobile model and a multi-rigid-body model in PC-crash are analyzed. By simulating a side collision accident between a car and an electric bicycle (EB), a method that reproduces the car-electr...A collision model, an automobile model and a multi-rigid-body model in PC-crash are analyzed. By simulating a side collision accident between a car and an electric bicycle (EB), a method that reproduces the car-electric bicycle side collision accident based on PC-crash is presented according to some important information such as the final position, the contacting location between the cyclist and the car. A result is obtained by comparing with the reproduced result, the deformation of accident vehicle and the surveillance video. The rollover direction and fells-over sliding direction after the collision and the contacting location and wrap motion of cyclist and electric bicycle are fitting in with the real situation better compared with the reconstruction result in PC-crash. Then the responsive-surface method and MONTEKARLO method are used in MATLAB to analyze the uncertainty of the vehicle speed in reproduced scene results. And the range of values of the pre-collision speed is obtained which makes the reproduced result more objective and convincible that could provide the basis of the accident assessment.展开更多
To improve the traffic safety of electric two-wheelers(ETW),China has promulgated ETW standardization policies.This policy requires local governments to take measures to guide the illegal ETWs out of use.Governments h...To improve the traffic safety of electric two-wheelers(ETW),China has promulgated ETW standardization policies.This policy requires local governments to take measures to guide the illegal ETWs out of use.Governments have implemented a depreciation subsidy scheme to encourage users to scrap illegal ETWs early.When designing the subsidy scheme,effectively improving the ETWs’traffic safety at the road network level while saving government expenses is essential for the sustainable implementation of the policy.This study proposes an optimization method for depreciation subsidy design incorporating traffic safety evaluation.Based on the policy scheme,this study formulates a risk assessment model for the ETW traffic network to characterize the effect of the subsidy on improving safety.Then,we use the bi-level programming approach to model the subsidy strategy design problem.The upper-level problem reflects the goal of policymakers to maximize safety improvement and minimize government expenses.The lower-level problem describes the route choices of ETW users.The optimal subsidy design under different safety-expense trade-offs is analysed based on the Nguyen and Dupuis network and a real network extracted from Changsha City in China.The results show that specific subsidy schemes effectively improve road safety without a large government spending.When themarket price or service life of ETWs increases,the government spending on the same safety goal increases.The government should comprehensively consider the safety effect of financial expense and the situation of the local ETW market before selecting reasonable subsidy strategies.展开更多
由于我国作业场所触电事故频发且潜伏危险因素多、安全管理不足等问题造成大量人员伤亡,为改善这一问题,提出了事故树分析法(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)-层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-可拓学综合分析与评价法。运用FTA分...由于我国作业场所触电事故频发且潜伏危险因素多、安全管理不足等问题造成大量人员伤亡,为改善这一问题,提出了事故树分析法(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)-层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-可拓学综合分析与评价法。运用FTA分析造成触电事故的原因,确定危险因素的结构重要度顺序并将其作为AHP判断矩阵构造打分参考;运用AHP确定危险因素权重排序,按此顺序分别采取治理措施;基于AHP分析结果运用可拓学确定各危险因素安全等级与某矿山发生触电事故的安全等级,便于有针对性地找出导致触电事故发生的薄弱环节。结果表明,安全等级符合工程实际情况,验证了该方法的可行性,为事故的分析与评价提供了一种新的综合方法。展开更多
文摘A collision model, an automobile model and a multi-rigid-body model in PC-crash are analyzed. By simulating a side collision accident between a car and an electric bicycle (EB), a method that reproduces the car-electric bicycle side collision accident based on PC-crash is presented according to some important information such as the final position, the contacting location between the cyclist and the car. A result is obtained by comparing with the reproduced result, the deformation of accident vehicle and the surveillance video. The rollover direction and fells-over sliding direction after the collision and the contacting location and wrap motion of cyclist and electric bicycle are fitting in with the real situation better compared with the reconstruction result in PC-crash. Then the responsive-surface method and MONTEKARLO method are used in MATLAB to analyze the uncertainty of the vehicle speed in reproduced scene results. And the range of values of the pre-collision speed is obtained which makes the reproduced result more objective and convincible that could provide the basis of the accident assessment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71971222).
文摘To improve the traffic safety of electric two-wheelers(ETW),China has promulgated ETW standardization policies.This policy requires local governments to take measures to guide the illegal ETWs out of use.Governments have implemented a depreciation subsidy scheme to encourage users to scrap illegal ETWs early.When designing the subsidy scheme,effectively improving the ETWs’traffic safety at the road network level while saving government expenses is essential for the sustainable implementation of the policy.This study proposes an optimization method for depreciation subsidy design incorporating traffic safety evaluation.Based on the policy scheme,this study formulates a risk assessment model for the ETW traffic network to characterize the effect of the subsidy on improving safety.Then,we use the bi-level programming approach to model the subsidy strategy design problem.The upper-level problem reflects the goal of policymakers to maximize safety improvement and minimize government expenses.The lower-level problem describes the route choices of ETW users.The optimal subsidy design under different safety-expense trade-offs is analysed based on the Nguyen and Dupuis network and a real network extracted from Changsha City in China.The results show that specific subsidy schemes effectively improve road safety without a large government spending.When themarket price or service life of ETWs increases,the government spending on the same safety goal increases.The government should comprehensively consider the safety effect of financial expense and the situation of the local ETW market before selecting reasonable subsidy strategies.
文摘由于我国作业场所触电事故频发且潜伏危险因素多、安全管理不足等问题造成大量人员伤亡,为改善这一问题,提出了事故树分析法(Fault Tree Analysis,FTA)-层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)-可拓学综合分析与评价法。运用FTA分析造成触电事故的原因,确定危险因素的结构重要度顺序并将其作为AHP判断矩阵构造打分参考;运用AHP确定危险因素权重排序,按此顺序分别采取治理措施;基于AHP分析结果运用可拓学确定各危险因素安全等级与某矿山发生触电事故的安全等级,便于有针对性地找出导致触电事故发生的薄弱环节。结果表明,安全等级符合工程实际情况,验证了该方法的可行性,为事故的分析与评价提供了一种新的综合方法。
