Optimization and Performance Comparison of Hairpin?Winding PMSM for Electric Vehicles Under Drive Cycle

Aiming at the problem of large AC copper loss caused by skin effects and proximity effects,and low efficiency at high speed of the hairpin-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for electric vehicles(EVs),this paper firstly established the electromagnetic analytical model of the hairpin winding to calculate AC resistance.And the finite element model(FEM)of the hairpin-winding driving motor is established to calculate the AC characteristic of the hairpin winding at different speeds and temperatures.Then,combining modified particle swarm optimization(MPSO)and FEM,a 60 k W hairpin-winding PMSM is optimized under driving cycle conditions,and the electromagnetic performance and heat dissipation performance are compared with that of the traditional strand-winding motor.Finally,a prototype is made and an experimental platform is built to test the efficiency Map and temperature rise of the hairpin-winding motor over the whole speed range and verify the accuracy of the proposed optimization design method.The results show that the hairpin-winding PMSM not only has higher slot filling rate,high?efficiency range and power density,but also has better heat dissipation performance,which is suitable for application in the field of electric vehicles.

Current Status and Future Development of Safety Standards for Electric Vehicles

Similar to conventional automobiles,same safety problems exist in electric vehicles.In the meantime,since its structural and power features are different,electric vehicles have their particular safety problems.Both domestic and international organizations have released some safety standards for electric vehicles which have also been added and complemented along with the development and research of electric vehicles.

Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Standards Svstem

Based on electric vehicle technology and industrial development, this paper introduces the international and domestic situation of electric vehicle charging infrastructure standards, analyzes the problems existing in the standard system in China, and suggestions are put forward for the future direction and development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure standards.

Interpretation of GB/T 24549-2009 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle—Safety Requirements

The national standard GB/T 24549—2009 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle—Safety Requirements specifies the general safety requirements for whole vehicle and key parts of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV).It is of great significance for the development of FCEV in china.This paper discusses the main contents and the background of its development.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Technology of Electric Vehicles and Its Development Trend

The electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles is not only the important technology issue in researches,development and industrialization of electric vehicles,but also the key research area of ISO.In this paper,both national and international standards of electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles are analyzed;it is also suggested that our standards of electromagnetic compatibility of electric vehicles be improved from several aspects such as testing items,test procedures,limit value,etc.The electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles is analyzed in terms of interfering sources,providing the solutions to electromagnetic compatibility and measures of reducing electromagnetic interference.Advanced equipments introduced into Chinese electromagnetic compatibility testing laboratories accelerate the pace of the researches on related technologies and standards;China will develop the standards system which covers from the complete electric vehicle to the key components,promote the technology improvement and industrialization work of Chinese electric vehicles,transform the latest achievements and advanced experiences of Chinese electric vehicles industry to the related standards and contribute the development of international standards.

Interpretation of GB/T 26779-2021,Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles refueling receptacle

With the development of fuel cell electric vehicle industry in China,the 70-MPa hydrogen storage cylinders have been widely applied on vehicles in recent years.The revised standard,GB/T 26779-2021,Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle refueling receptacle,was released on March 9,2021 with added stipulations for the 70-MPa hydrogen refuelling receptacle.The main technical contents of GB/T 26779-2021 and its similarities and differences with GB/T 26779-2011 are discussed in this paper.

Research on EV Battery Swapping System and Standards Requirements

Combined with the perspective of State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, the paper researches the EV battery swapping mode and its advantages, analyses standards requirements of battery swapping system and proposes the corresponding standards system

Influencing assessment of different heating modes on thermal comfort in electric vehicle cabin

Electric vehicle(EV)is more environmental-friendly than gasoline vehicle because the main power is not petrol.For the heating system,the waste heat generated by engines is recycled to heat the cabin of gasoline ones,while the EV need extra electric energy consumption for heating the cabin which decreases the driving range.Personal comfort system(PCS)has been reported that it is an alternative technique to improve occupant thermal comfort and indirectly save building heating energy.This study aims to investigate the occupants’thermal sensation under four heating modes in the EV cabin in winter,including no heating,only PCS,only air conditioning,and both air conditioning and PCS.The field survey is conducted in a parked EV with 12 subjects.Three thermal comfort indexes(PMV,SET^(*),and operative temperature Top)are used and assessed for their applicability in the thermal environment of the EV.Results show that the thermal environment in the cabin is non-uniform and dynamic with the air conditioning mode,while the PCS mode just slightly affects the temperature differences inside.Meanwhile,the subjects’thermal sensations cannot maintain neutral or warmer under the PCS mode only.The results of PMV are lower than the subjects’actual thermal sensation votes(TSV),while the results of SET^(*)and Top show significant linear relationships with the TSV for the correlation coefficients above 0.80.Compare to the air conditioning mode,the neutral SET^(*)and neutral Top are decreased by 2.7℃ and 1.6℃ under the mode with PCS and air conditioning,respectively.The findings indicate that PCS not only has a positive effect on improving the cabin environment and occupant’s thermal sensation but also has the potential to lower the setting temperature of air conditioner of EVs in winter.

电动汽车与电网互动:综述与展望

随着新能源发电、电动汽车的大规模发展,电网的调节能力持续下降,新能源消纳的压力日益增加,配电网的薄弱性逐渐暴露。电动汽车与电网互动技术的推广应用对于充电需求的满足、配电网建设压力的缓解、电动汽车灵活性资源的利用及新能源消纳都具有重要意义。文中从电动汽车与电网互动的技术研究、相关政策与标准制定、基础设施及能量管理等平台、信息安全以及示范应用五大方面入手,对电动汽车与电网互动领域的研究现状进行了系统总结,指出了现有研究中的不足之处,并进一步探讨了未来电动汽车与电网互动领域的潜在研究方向。

美国加州车网互动政策、标准与市场机制最新进展及其启示

电动汽车与电网互动(简称“车网互动”)可以释放电动汽车作为灵活性资源的潜力,能够有效提升电网调峰能力、促进高比例可再生能源消纳、提升电动汽车用户经济收益,日益受到各方重视。美国加利福尼亚州(简称“加州”)近些年在推动电动汽车与电网互动发展方面做了大量工作,取得了重要进展。首先,文中介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动配套政策法规方面的最新动向;之后,从技术标准、市场机制两方面介绍了加州在电动汽车与电网互动相关基础工作方面的最新进展;最后,结合中国电动汽车与电网互动发展实际提出了有关建议。

电动汽车充电机器人发展现状和标准需求

在全球碳减排的背景下,电动汽车数量迅速增加,电动汽车充电机器人作为一种智能充电装备受到国内外广泛关注,但目前充电机器人相关技术的梳理、归纳、总结和标准化等工作仍未开展系统性研究。首先,全面梳理了国内外电动汽车充电机器人的发展现状和技术路线,从结构设计、识别定位、柔顺控制和控制系统4个方面进行了综述。其次,提出了涵盖现有主流机器人的分类方法,提炼了机器人的特点和适用场景。进而,分析电动汽车充电机器人标准现状,提出了充电机器人术语、分类和通用技术等标准需求,构建了机器人标准体系。最后,探索了电动汽车充电机器人在自动化、智能化、规模化、多功能化和互联互通5个维度的应用与发展趋势,并对其在自动驾驶、自动泊车和车网友好互动等方面的应用潜力进行展望。

汽车动力锂离子电池低温检测标准化综述

电池的低温性能直接关系到纯电动汽车在寒冷地区的使用和推广,建立相关的低温性能检测标准显得尤为重要。介绍国内外电动汽车动力锂离子电池低温性能检测标准的相关情况。对检测标准的内容、适用范围及严格程度等进行分析比较。探讨现有标准的优点与不足:现有标准中已存在分别针对电池单体、模块、电池组和/或电池系统的标准,但缺乏通用标准;国内外标准各有侧重,尚缺少能全面反映电池低温性能的检测标准;国内外低温测试条件不同,检测结果难以比较。建议综合各个现有标准中的低温性能检测方法,形成能够全面体现电动汽车动力锂离子电池低温性能的国家标准,以适应动力锂离子电池技术发展以及纯电动汽车在寒冷地区推广应用的需要。

基于电源端电压的电动汽车电弧故障检测

当电动汽车主电路的电气接触点接触不良时,极易产生电弧故障,直接威胁车内人员的生命安全。论文提出了一种基于自定义差分阈值滤波-分段最大值标准化-统计数值规律的电弧故障检测方法。首先围绕真实电动汽车吉利帝豪EV450搭建了电动汽车电弧故障实验平台,开展了电动汽车在不同工作模式下的电弧故障实验。然后以电源端电压为对象,对信号进行小波分解,对小波分解得到的低频系数进行自定义差分阈值滤波和分段最大值标准化。最后统计标准化后数据相同值个数,并通过阈值法检测串联型电弧故障。论文对模型样本长度、差分阈值比例、最大值标准化分段数、预处理方法选择等进行了深入分析,并对参数进行了优化设置,进一步提升模型性能。结果表明,所建模型对电动汽车电弧故障检测准确率为98.35%,且实时性较好。通过对模型进行泛化性分析、算法时间复杂度分析及与其他电弧故障检测模型对比分析,证明论文所建模型对电动汽车电弧故障检测具有较好的适用性。

车用氢能储供阀门测试标准比较研究

氢能一直以来是全球能源界关注的重点,燃料电池汽车是氢能应用与发展的重要领域。氢气属于易燃易爆且小分子易泄漏气体,车用氢能储供阀门作为车载供氢系统的关键部件,产品的安全性能关系到整车的安全性和稳定性。本文通过对国内外车用氢能储供阀门常用的测试标准的比较研究,着重对GB/T 42536、EU406和GTR13三个标准的测试试验项目进行比较,对标准的试验要求进行了分析和总结,为更好地理解和应用标准提供了借鉴,对于车用氢能产业的发展具有重要的意义。

GB/T 26990-2023《燃料电池电动汽车车载氢系统技术条件》标准分析

近年来随着燃料电池电动汽车技术不断升级,与35 MPa车载氢系统相比,公称压力为70 MPa的车载氢系统具有储氢体积密度大可提高整车续驶里程的优点,在乘用车上得到广泛应用。而在GB/T 26990—2011《燃料电池电动汽车车载氢系统技术条件》及GB/T 29126—2012《燃料电池电动汽车车载氢系统试验方法》中仅适用于公称工作压力不超过35 MPa的车载氢系统,而且该版标准已实施十余年,已不能完全适应现阶段燃料电池电动汽车车载氢系统技术现状,因此2023年11月,我国发布了GB/T 26990—2023《燃料电池电动汽车车载氢系统技术条件》,该标准修改和增加了部分技术内容以适应当前燃料电池电动汽车行业发展水平。本文将阐述GB/T 26990—2023的主要技术内容及其与上一版标准的异同,并对新标准中相关技术内容和测试方法进行解析,供行业内企业参考。

GB/T 31467—2023《电动汽车用锂离子动力电池包和系统电性能试验方法》标准解读与分析

近年来,我国新能源汽车和动力蓄电池产业快速发展,相关标准的部分内容已不能适应产业发展需要,面向当前我国新能源汽车和动力蓄电池的使用场景需求,结合我国动力蓄电池电性能测试经验,充分参考相关国际标准,GB/T 31467—2023经修订后发布,为电动汽车用锂离子动力电池包和系统的电性能测试提供了方法。本文详细对比了GB/T 31467—2023与GB/T 31467.1—2015、GB/T 31467.2—2015以及ISO 12405-4:2018的测试项目与技术内容,并对通用测试条件、通用测试、基本性能测试等部分的修订内容进行了解释说明,可为相关动力电池产品研发和验证提供参考。标准在修订过程中,一方面考虑国内技术水平及整车对动力电池包和系统电性能的需求,增加了外观、极性、能量密度、充电性能以及工况放电的测试方法;另一方面,结合整车实际运行过程中的充放电电流以及运行环境,对所有测试项目的充放电电流进行修改,并对无负载容量损失、能量效率、高低温启动功率等测试项目的测试温度进行协调统一,有利于电动汽车用锂离子动力电池包和系统的研发和测试。

印度尼西亚新能源汽车标准化现状及对策建议研究

气候变化、石油危机是人类目前遇到的重大挑战和严峻考验。为此,世界各国纷纷鼓励调整能源结构,逐步推动能源脱碳,进而减少碳排放以实现碳中和。新能源汽车作为全球汽车产业绿色发展、低碳转型的典型代表,借此坐上了发展的“高速列车”。中国与印度尼西亚有着深厚的经贸合作关系,双方积极开拓新能源汽车等新领域的合作。本文研究分析了印度尼西亚国内的新能源汽车生产及销售情况、标准化现状,并从标准的角度分别对政府和企业提出对策及建议,希望能够帮助我国新能源汽车依靠《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)、“一带一路”倡议以及中国—东盟自贸区3.0版等政策红利顺利出海印度尼西亚,深化两国新能源汽车标准化领域合作。

印度尼西亚电动汽车产业政策和标准法规及趋势研究

随着空气污染以及全球变暖对印度尼西亚的影响明显加剧,印度尼西亚政府近年来越来越重视气候问题,提出净零碳排放和零排放车辆(ZEVs)目标,并将实现车辆电气化作为解决其气候问题的有效途径。印度尼西亚政府大力发展新能源汽车(主要是电动汽车)产业,颁发了一系列电动汽车产业扶持政策及标准法规。本文研究印度尼西亚电动汽车产业政策和标准法规体系,并分析其电动汽车产业政策和标准法规趋势,为深化我国与印度尼西亚电动汽车标准化合作提供参考,支持促进中、印尼双方电动汽车贸易投资便利化。

GA 1800.1-2021《电力系统治安反恐防范要求第1部分:电网企业》在电力调度机构的应用与实践

公共安全行业标准GA 1800.1—2021《电力系统治安反恐防范要求第1部分:电网企业》于2021年8月1日起实施。本文介绍内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司某电力调度机构原有的安全防范工程及系统,对照标准的防范要求和安全防范系统技术要求,评估出存在的差距,阐述安全防范系统技术改造达标的实践过程,总结电网企业关于安全防范系统的工作重点。为电网公司电力调度机构治安反恐防范的完善达标提供做法和经验。

基于不同标准的电动汽车能量消耗量生产一致性判定对比研究

对比分析了国家标准GB/T 18386.1-2021与欧洲标准(EU)2018/1832中对于电动汽车能量消耗量生产一致性判定的试验流程、统计量计算与生产一致性判定方法的差异。根据两种标准的不同规定,分别对某一型号的纯电动汽车进行了相关的生产一致性试验。结果表明,按照GB/T 18386.1-2021标准中生产一致性合格判定准则,该型号纯电动汽车可判定为合格;按照(EU)2018/1832标准中验证生产一致性合格判定准则,该型号纯电动汽车可判定为通过验证。