Aerosol deposition technology and its applications in batteries

Aerosol deposition(AD)method is a kind of additive manufacturing technology for fabricating dense films such as metals and ceramics at room temperature.It resolves the challenge of integrating ceramic films onto temperaturesensitive substrates,including metals,glasses,and polymers.It should be emphasized that the AD is a spray coating technology that uses powder without thermal assistance to generate films with high density.Compared to the traditional sputter-based approach,the AD shows several advantages in efficiency,convenience,better interfacial bonding and so on.Therefore,it opens some possibilities to the field of batteries,especially all-solidstate batteries(ASSBs)and draws much attention not only for research but also for large scale applications.The purpose of this work is to provide a critical review on the science and technology of AD as well as its applications in the field of batteries.The process,mechanism and effective parameters of AD,and recent developments in AD applications in the field of batteries will be systematically reviewed so that a trend for AD will be finally provided.

Development of Mining Technology and Equipment for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

Seafloor massive sulfide（SMS） deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed. The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus Minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China.

Reactive synthesis Ti （CN） -based metal ceramic coating by electric-spark deposition

Electric-spark deposition （ESD） was adopted for depositing a Ti（ CN） -based ceramic coating on the TC4 titanium alloy substrate using a laboratory-developed electric-spark deposition system, a nitrogen-sealed atmosphere and graphite electrode. The surface morphology, microstructure, interfacial behavior between the coatings and substrate, phase and element composition of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope （ SEM ） , X-ray diffraction （ XRD ） , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （ XPS ） and Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） . Microhardness profile was measured with a Vickers microhardness tester. The results show that metallurgical bond between the coating and substrate is realized and the phase of coatings are made up of Ti（ CN ） spherocrystal and dendritic crystal, TiV and C. Ti（ CN） ceramic particles, which is in-situ synthesized by the reaction among titanium from the substrate, carbon from the graphite electrode and nitrogen from the shielding nitrogen gas, is about 600 mn and distributes dispersively among the coatings. Microharduess profile falls off with the coatings thickness increasing and the highest microhardness values of the superficial coating could be up to 1 496HV, which is six times more than that of the substrate.

Separation Technology of the World's Only Chambersite Deposit Has Achieved A Big Breakthrough

Chambersite is a rare mineral worldwide, a manganese chloride borate （Mn3BTO13C1）, which was first discovered in the recovered brine from a salt dome at Chambers, Texas, USA. This rare mineral has been proven to have a great utilization value in anti-nuclear radiation, high- temperature friction materials, medicine and stealth materials, and can be used in aerospace and aviation fields. China has the world＇s only mineable chambersite deposit in Jixian County, Tianjin.

Effects of six years of simulated N deposition on gross soil N transformation rates in an old-growth temperate forest

Elevated atmospheric nitrogen(N) deposition has been detected in many regions of China, but its effects on soil N transformation in temperate forest ecosystems are not well known. We therefore simulated N deposition with four levels of N addition rate(N0, N30, N60, and N120) for6 years in an old-growth temperate forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains in Northeastern China. We measured gross N transformation rates in the laboratory usingN tracing technology to explore the effects of N deposition on soil gross N transformations taking advantage of N deposition soils. No significant differences in gross soil N transformation rates were observed after 6 years of N deposition with various levels of N addition rate. For all N deposition soils, the gross NH~+ immobilization rates were consistently lower than the gross N mineralization rates,leading to net N mineralization. Nitrate(NO~-) was primarily produced via oxidation of NH~+(i.e., autotrophic nitrification), whereas oxidation of organic N(i.e., heterotrophic nitrification) was negligible. Differences between the quantity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea were not significant for any treatment, which likely explains the lack of a significant effect on gross nitrification rates. Gross nitrification rates were much higher than the total NO~- consumption rates,resulting in a build-up of NO~-, which highlights the high risk of N losses via NO~- leaching or gaseous N emissions from soils. This response is opposite that of typical N-limited temperate forests suffering from N deposition,suggesting that the investigated old-growth temperate forest ecosystem is likely to approach N saturation.

China's Technologies for Exploration and Mining of Uranium Deposits Have Stepped into the World's Top Team

On June 2011, the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, an Institute within the China National Nuclear Corporation （CNNC）, and the Department of Geology ＆ Mining CNNC carried out a project Scientific Drilling.for Deep Metallogenic Research in the Xiangshan Large Uranium Ore Field. A year later on June 21, the project, representing the first scientific drilling of China＇s uranium, was officially launched, and successfully completed on June 17, 2013. A 2818.88 m of drilling depth has broken the previous record 1200 m of exploration depth.

Formation of Platinum (Pt) Nanocluster Coatings on K-OMS-2 Manganese Oxide Membranes by Reactive Spray Deposition Technique (RSDT) for Extended Stability during CO Oxidation

Nanocluster formation of a metallic platinum (Pt) coating, on manganese oxide inorganic membranes impregnated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (K-OMS-2/MWCNTs), applied by reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT) is discussed. RSDT applies thin films of Pt nanoclusters on the substrate;the thickness of the film can be easily controlled. The K-OMS-2/MWCNTs fibers were enclosed by the thin film of Pt. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/XEDS), focus ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray 3D micro-tomography (MicroXCT) which have been used to characterize the resultant Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membrane. The non-destructive characterization technique (MicroXCT) resolves the Pt layer on the upper layer of the composite membrane and also shows that the membrane is composed of sheets superimposed into stacks. The nanostructured coating on the composite membrane material has been evaluated for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. The functionalized Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membranes show excellent conversion (100%) of CO to CO2 at a lower temperature 200℃ compared to the uncoated K-OMS-2/MWCNTs. Moreover, the Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membranes show outstanding stability, of more than 4 days, for CO oxidation at 200℃.

Simulation of Ash Deposition Behavior in an Entrained Flow Coal Gasifier

Fly ash deposition is an important phenomenon associated with ash/slag handling and discharge in the entrained-flow coal gasification process. Fouling and slagging inside the gasifier may cause reliability and safety problems because they can impose strong negative effects on the gasifier wall in the way of heat transfer and chemical corrosion. For these reasons, this study focuses on investigating the ash deposition distribution inside of a two-stage entrained-flow gasifier. The computational model is developed in order to simulate the gasification process with a focus on modeling ash formation, fly ash, and ash deposition. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is applied to solve the reactive thermal-flow field and particle trajectories with heterogeneous reactions. The governing equations include the Navier-Stokes equations, twelve species transport equations, and ten global chemical reactions consisting of three heterogeneous reactions and seven homogeneous reactions. The coal/ash particles are tracked with the Lagrangian method. The effects of different coal/ash injection schemes and different coal types on ash deposition have been investigated. The results show that the two-stage fuel feeding scheme could distribute the ash throughout a larger gasifier’s volume and, hence, could reduce the peak ash deposition rate and make the ash distribution more uniform inside the gasifier. Gasification of a high-ash coal results in a high ash deposition rate, low syngas higher heating value (HHV), and low carbon conversion rate. The result of ash deposition rate in this study can be used as a boundary condition to provide ash particle influx distribution for use in slagging models.

Exploration and research progress on ion-adsorption type REE deposit in South China

Since 2011,certain advances have been made through the resource investigation,metallogenesis research,mining supervision and environmental protection of ion-adsorption type rare earth element (REE) deposit in South China.Firstly,some progress has been made in REE prospecting in Jiangxi,Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan.REE deposits are not only found within the weathering crusts of granites and felsic volcanic rocks,but also within the weathering crusts of epimetamorphic rocks and basic magmatic rocks.Secondly,the methods of exploration,delineating ore bodies and calculation of reserves have been improved,which intuitively reflect the thickness,REE composition and value of weathering crust.Thirdly,the relationship between REEs and weathering degree and the rule of distribution,migration and enrichment of REEs in the weathering profile was summarized through the analysis of big data,which can predict the metallogenetic horizon of REEs.Fourthly,a method for quick,accurate and dynamic investigation of the REE deposit has been established by using high resolution remote sensing technology.Finally,the relation between the production status of REE mines and water pollution has been revealed based on long-term hydrochemical monitoring data of rivers and wells in mines and surrounding areas.

Yb-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser with Bi_2Te_3-deposited

In this study we present an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped fiber laser passively mode-locked with topological insulator（Bi2Te3） saturable absorber. The saturable absorber device is fabricated by depositing Bi2Te3 on a tapered fiber through using pulsed laser deposition（PLD） technology, which can give rise to less non-saturable losses than most of the solution processing methods. Owing to the long interaction length, Bi2Te3 is not exposed to high optical power, which allows the saturable absorber device to work in a high power regime. The modulation depth of this kind of saturable absorber is measured to be 10%. By combining the saturable absorber device with Yb-doped fiber laser, a mode-locked pulse operating at a repetition rate of 19.8 MHz is achieved. The 3-d B spectral width and pulse duration are measured to be 1.245 nm and317 ps, respectively.

Influence of Technological Factors on Sensitivity of Analytical Devices Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

Considered in this paper are the factors influencing sensitivity of analytical devices based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. The decrease in temperature influence on sensitivity of these devices can be reached using thermo stabilization of the whole device with flow cells for studied substances. Adduced here are some results concerning the influence of deposition geometry for nano-dimensional gold layer covering the surface of operating element on sensitivity of these devices.

基于DDS的数字脉冲电火花沉积电源研究

在电火花沉积加工中,脉冲电源的放电参数对沉积效果和加工效率有重要影响。针对传统电火花沉积电源放电参数可控性差的问题,基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术全数字化调制、输出稳定的特性,设计了一种数字脉冲电火花沉积电源。以单片机和DDS芯片为核心来控制斩波电路输出加工脉冲,可实现放电电压、频率等参数的较精确控制以及宽范围内的无极调节。经测试,控制及驱动模块输出信号稳定、准确且频率误差在1 Hz以内,放电电压波形可控性好,满足电火花沉积加工的要求,可用于电火花沉积加工基础研究。

保偏光纤制备及其参数测试原理

为了研制工作波长为1310 nm的保偏光纤,采用改进的化学气相沉积工艺制备了保偏光纤预制捧和应力棒,经加工、拼接、清洗、拉丝工艺后,得到几何尺寸精确的高质量保偏光纤;同时搭建了高效测试系统,采用折射近场法、远场扫描法、视频灰度技术(传输近场),分别测量了预制棒的折射率分布和几何尺寸,保偏光纤模场直径、数值孔径、几何尺寸等关键参数。结果表明,此标准化测试系统操作流程简单、结果精确;模场直径为6.26μm,数值孔径为0.23,包涂直径80μm/135μm/165μm(精度±0.7μm);终检测试合格的光纤成品随机抽样16.25%,高低温老化实验后拍长、串音变化小。所研制的保偏光纤性能稳定,几何尺寸精确、结构均匀、损耗低,具有优良保偏性能,已广泛应用于实际生产中。

金属矿山深部硬岩矿床非爆连续采矿技术及应用

随着我国矿产资源需求的不断攀升及浅层矿产资源的日益枯竭,向深部拓展开采新的矿产资源已成为必然的趋势。首先,针对传统的凿岩爆破工艺在深部开采中面临的诸多挑战,阐述了深部硬岩矿床非爆连续采矿技术及装备。然后,以某深部硬岩矿山为例,详细介绍了非爆连续采矿技术的应用实践,并展示了所带来的积极成效,为深部硬岩矿床非爆连续开采提供案例借鉴;最后,基于实践经验,结合人工智能等前沿技术,提出了矿石制浆与水力输送技术,有望为深井矿石的提升提供一种更为高效、环保的解决方案,进一步优化和提升深部矿山的开采效率和安全性。

冶金设备用铜及其合金表面处理技术的发展现状

目前,表面技术在冶金设备上的应用已有较大量尝试,铜及铜合金的表面处理技术研究报道也较多,但系统梳理铜合金关键冶金部件失效形式和铜合金的表面处理技术研究现状的相关报道还较少.本文综述了连铸结晶器、高炉风口小套、转炉氧枪头三种关键冶金部件面临的表面失效形式以及电镀、热喷涂与冷喷涂、表面熔覆、激光处理和合金共渗等几种表面处理技术在铜合金表面改性领域的研究发展现状,对比分析了几种表面处理技术的优缺点,并对高熵合金材料在铜合金表面强化领域的应用潜力进行了展望.开发新的涂层材料、优化镀膜工艺以及复合表面处理技术,如将激光表面处理与表面涂层技术复合,是实现表面处理技术在冶金设备用铜合金部件长寿化领域应用的可能方向.

FDM用ABS复合材料的改性及其应用研究进展

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)具有良好的力学性能和可加工性。近年来,随着熔融沉积成型(FDM)三维(3D)打印技术的不断成熟和发展,ABS及其各类改性复合材料也相应被广泛应用于FDM。本文重点基于FDM技术,首先系统整理了金属类填料、无机非金属类填料、有机高分子类填料、回收废旧聚合物类填料等改性ABS基复合材料的现状,并对其相关性能进行了归纳。同时,对相应的各类ABS改性复合材料的FDM打印制品在医学、民用工业、军用电磁与吸波等领域的前沿应用进行了综述。最后,结合FDM打印技术和ABS改性现状,对未来FDM打印方法以及ABS改性技术提出了几点思考。

1+1罗纹3D打印面料的制备

为满足近几年消费者对服装面料可持续创新的需求,丰富3D打印服装面料的结构和外观风格,以柔性聚乳酸为原材料,在3ds Max软件中,采用NURBS曲线建模方法,结合实物测量情况,对1+1罗纹组织进行三维模拟;通过探究分层厚度、打印温度、打印速度、沉积方向对1+1罗纹3D打印面料拉伸性能的影响,确定出最优打印参数;通过FDM工艺,在最优打印参数下,对模拟的组织进行打印,得到1+1罗纹3D打印面料。该面料打印效果与模拟效果相同,线圈平整,无歪斜现象,面料表面无焦黄现象,可形象地表现出纱线的形态及服装的纹理效果,符合后疫情时代消费者对服装面料创新性和多元化的需求。

无机薄膜组织结构及应力演化行为研究现状

物理气相沉积技术制备的无机薄膜,其组织结构及残余应力会在储存或服役环境中自发地产生演化,进而使薄膜性能发生变化,最终影响薄膜的长期服役稳定性。首先从物理气相沉积技术制备薄膜的组织结构特征入手,介绍了无机薄膜应力的产生,发现薄膜的残余应力主要受薄膜非平衡生长后的亚稳态、薄膜与基体之间的晶格错配以及热膨胀系数差异的影响。之后论述了无机薄膜在生长过程中应力的演化规律,这个规律主要受薄膜的制备工艺影响,包括沉积速率、沉积气压、沉积温度以及基体偏压等。随后,重点综述了非平衡生长后的亚稳态金属薄膜、陶瓷薄膜及金属/陶瓷复合薄膜的组织结构、残余应力在储存或服役环境中的演化,以及薄膜性能变化行为的研究进展。针对无机薄膜在自然时效及人工时效过程中,其组织结构演变与应力释放的关系进行了总结和讨论,发现原子扩散是自然时效及人工时效过程中薄膜产生变化的主要途径。最后,对无机薄膜组织结构及应力演化行为的研究方法进行了展望。

淀粉基凝胶在食品3D打印中的研究进展

食品3D打印技术是一种在食品领域新兴的、由计算机辅助软件控制的智能化快速成型技术。因其具有高效、便捷、个性化定制的特点,在食品加工领域中有较大的发展潜力。淀粉作为一种可再生的天然高分子,具有无毒害、经济环保、资源丰富的优点,是3D打印优质的食品级油墨。近年来,随着食品3D打印技术的不断发展,如何提高天然食用凝胶的可打印性成为研究热点。为更好地了解淀粉基凝胶3D打印的研究进展,该文从3D打印技术原理、淀粉基原料3D打印特性、影响淀粉基凝胶3D打印效果的因素、淀粉基凝胶3D打印的应用现状以及面临的挑战等方面进行综述,以期为淀粉基凝胶在食品3D打印中的发展和应用提供参考。

微型钢管桩施工技术在大型崩坡积体治理中的运用

锚筋桩在传统的边坡治理、地基加固等领域已经广泛使用,较于抗滑桩或抗滑墙等施工时具有设备轻便、桩位布置灵活、施工速度快、对场地的适应性强等特点,取得了较好的工程效果。但在一些地质条件复杂、岩层风化程度较高的破碎体,锚筋桩造孔出现了难以避免的塌孔和无法成孔的现象,若采用常规泥浆护壁和固结等方式将导致施工工序复杂、工期较长,且施工成本较高,而采用微型钢管桩的钻孔技术,可有效解决此类问题。通过对杨房沟水电站采用微型钢管桩技术的案例研究,成功解决大型崩坡积体处理中复杂地质条件下易塌孔、无法成孔的情况。