Coupled multiphysical model for investigation of influence factors in the application of microbially induced calcite precipitation

The study presents a comprehensive coupled thermo-bio-chemo-hydraulic(T-BCH)modeling framework for stabilizing soils using microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP).The numerical model considers relevant multiphysics involved in MICP,such as bacterial ureolytic activities,biochemical reactions,multiphase and multicomponent transport,and alteration of the porosity and permeability.The model incorporates multiphysical coupling effects through well-established constitutive relations that connect parameters and variables from different physical fields.It was implemented in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys(OGS),and a semi-staggered solution strategy was designed to solve the couplings,allowing for flexible model settings.Therefore,the developed model can be easily adapted to simulate MICP applications in different scenarios.The numerical model was employed to analyze the effect of various factors,including temperature,injection strategies,and application scales.Besides,a TBCH modeling study was conducted on the laboratory-scale domain to analyze the effects of temperature on urease activity and precipitated calcium carbonate.To understand the scale dependency of MICP treatment,a large-scale heterogeneous domain was subjected to variable biochemical injection strategies.The simulations conducted at the field-scale guided the selection of an injection strategy to achieve the desired type and amount of precipitation.Additionally,the study emphasized the potential of numerical models as reliable tools for optimizing future developments in field-scale MICP treatment.The present study demonstrates the potential of this numerical framework for designing and optimizing the MICP applications in laboratory-,prototype-,and field-scale scenarios.

COMSOL Multiphysics在锂离子电池中的应用

作为一种具有前景的能量存储系统,锂离子电池需要进一步提高能量密度、功率密度、可靠性和循环稳定性,以满足不断增长的大型能源存储、电动汽车和便携式电子设备需求。当前对锂离子电池的实验研究仍然面临多个挑战,这些挑战包括电解液的导电性和安全性、高能量负极的沉积-剥离机制的优化、高能量正极的循环电压和容量维持、高电流条件下的界面极化和容量释放,以及在极端电流-温度-针刺条件下的热失控管理等问题。这些问题涉及到电-化-力-热等多个场的耦合作用,需要进行协同优化处理。COMSOL Multiphysics提供了一种可行的工具,通过求解多物理场耦合的连续方程,能够同时考虑载流子浓度、电流密度、电-化学势、温度、应力/应变和几何形态等综合信息的演化。本文概述了该工具在锂离子电池的电解液、负极和正极设计等方面的研究,并聚焦于多场耦合对电池性能的综合影响、多场耦合模拟方法以及理论模拟与实验表征的结合。最后,本文对理论与实验联合研究中的多场和多尺度问题进行了展望。

Algorithm Selection Method Based on Coupling Strength for Partitioned Analysis of Structure-Piezoelectric-Circuit Coupling

In this study, we propose an algorithm selection method based on coupling strength for the partitioned analysis ofstructure-piezoelectric-circuit coupling, which includes two types of coupling or inverse and direct piezoelectriccoupling and direct piezoelectric and circuit coupling. In the proposed method, implicit and explicit formulationsare used for strong and weak coupling, respectively. Three feasible partitioned algorithms are generated, namely(1) a strongly coupled algorithm that uses a fully implicit formulation for both types of coupling, (2) a weaklycoupled algorithm that uses a fully explicit formulation for both types of coupling, and (3) a partially stronglycoupled and partially weakly coupled algorithm that uses an implicit formulation and an explicit formulation forthe two types of coupling, respectively.Numerical examples using a piezoelectric energy harvester,which is a typicalstructure-piezoelectric-circuit coupling problem, demonstrate that the proposed method selects the most costeffectivealgorithm.

Mechanical criterion for coal and gas outburst:a perspective from multiphysics coupling

Although a series of hypotheses have been proposed,the mechanism underlying coal and gas outburst remains unclear.Given the low-index outbursts encountered in mining practice,we attempt to explore this mechanism using a multiphysics coupling model considering the effects of coal strength and gas mass transfer on failure.Based on force analysis of coal ahead of the heading face,a risk identification index C_(m)and a critical criterion(C_(m)≥1)of coal instability are proposed.According to this criterion,the driving force of an outburst consists of stress and gas pressure gradients along the heading direction of the roadway,whereas resistance depends on the shear and tensile strengths of the coal.The results show that outburst risk decreases slightly,followed by a rapid increase,with increasing vertical stress,whereas it decreases with increasing coal strength and increases with gas pressure monotonically.Using the response surface method,a coupled multi-factor model for the risk identification index is developed.The results indicate strong interactions among the controlling factors.Moreover,the critical values of the factors corresponding to outburst change depending on the environment of the coal seams,rather than being constants.As the buried depth of a coal seam increases,the critical values of gas pressure and coal strength decrease slightly,followed by a rapid increase.According to its controlling factors,outburst can be divided into stress-dominated,coal-strength-dominated,gas-pressure-dominated,and multi-factor compound types.Based on this classification,a classified control method is proposed to enable more targeted outburst prevention.

Study on Electromagnetic-Fluid-Temperature Multiphysics Field Coupling Model for Drum of Mine Cable Winding Truck

Aiming at solving problems of low efficiency,low cable capacity in current 300m open-pit mine cable winding truck,a 900 m cable winding plan was proposed.In this paper,the mechanism of the thermal effect of the cable was described,and a two-dimensional axisymmetric electromagnetic-fluid-temperature multiphysics coupling model of the cable reel was established regarding the 900m cable reel as independent system.Considering the structure of the drum,the number of cable winding layers,the factors of heat conduction,heat radiation and convective heat transfer in the actual working process,the steady state analysis of the multi-physical field coupling was carried out.The sum of the losses of each part of the cable was obtained through the calculation of electromagnetic field,which was used as a heat source to calculate and analyze the temperature distribution of different layers of cable winding,as well as the temperature distribution and heat dissipation characteristics of different structures of the drum.The results show that three layers of cable winding is the best design.The lowest temperature of closed cylindrical drum is 70℃after heat dissipation,which has obvious advantages compared with the lowest temperature of 85℃after heat dissipation of squirrel-cage cylindrical drum.The results provide a reliable theoretical basis for the research and development of a new type of mine cable winding truck with 900 m cable capacity.

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of multiphysics field coupling mechanisms for a high power ICP wind tunnel

We take the established inductively coupled plasma(ICP) wind tunnel as a research object to investigate the thermal protection system of re-entry vehicles. A 1.2-MW high power ICP wind tunnel is studied through numerical simulation and experimental validation. The distribution characteristics and interaction mechanism of the flow field and electromagnetic field of the ICP wind tunnel are investigated using the multi-field coupling method of flow, electromagnetic, chemical, and thermodynamic field. The accuracy of the numerical simulation is validated by comparing the experimental results with the simulation results. Thereafter, the wind tunnel pressure, air velocity, electron density, Joule heating rate, Lorentz force, and electric field intensity obtained using the simulation are analyzed and discussed. The results indicate that for the 1.2-MW ICP wind tunnel, the maximum values of temperature, pressure, electron number density, and other parameters are observed during coil heating. The influence of the radial Lorentz force on the momentum transfer is stronger than that of the axial Lorentz force. The electron number density at the central axis and the amplitude and position of the Joule heating rate are affected by the radial Lorentz force. Moreover, the plasma in the wind tunnel is constantly in the subsonic flow state, and a strong eddy flow is easily generated at the inlet of the wind tunnel.

Scuffing failure analysis based on a multiphysics coupling model and experimental verification

General reductions in lubricant viscosities and increasing loads in machine components highlight the role of tribofilms in providing surface protection against scuffing.However,the relationship between the scuffing process and the growth and removal of tribofilm is not well understood.In this study,a multiphysics coupling model,which includes hydrodynamic lubrication,asperity contact,thermal effect,tribochemistry reaction,friction,and surface wear,was developed to capture the initiation of surface scuffing.Simulations and experiments for a piston ring and cylinder liner contact were conducted following a step-load sequence under different temperature conditions.The results show that high temperature and extreme load could induce the lubricant film collapse,which in turn triggers the breakdown of the tribofilm due to the significantly increased removal process.The failures of both lubricant film and tribofilm progress instantaneously in a coupling way,which finally leads to severe scuffing.

Investigation of Thermal Losses in a Soft Magnetic Composite Using Multiphysics Modelling and Coupled Material Properties in an Induction Heating Cell

The complex interaction between material properties in an induction heating circuit was studied by multi physics simulation and by experimental verification in a full-scale laboratory heater. The work aims to illustrate the complexity of the system of interacting materials, but also to propose a method to verify properties of soft magnetic composite materials in an integrated system and to identify which properties are the most critical under different circumstances and load cases. Heat losses at different loads were primarily studied, from DC currents to AC currents at 15, 20 and 25 kHz, respectively. A FE model for magnetic simulation was correlated with a corresponding model for heat simulation. The numerical model, as well as the established input material data, could be verified through the experimental measurements. In this particular study, the current loss in the litz wire was the dominant heat source, thus making the thermal conductivity of the SMC the most important property in this material.

基于COMSOL Multiphysics数学模块的冻土水热耦合分析

多年冻土内部的水热过程是影响冻土区生态环境演变、干旱区水资源利用及地表工程结构稳定性的重要因素。然而传统的水热耦合理论模型忽略了非饱和土体中水分对流传热作用,在水分场与温度场耦合理论模型的数值实现上仍有困难。以垂直土柱单向冻结实验为基础,通过COMSOL Multiphysics软件的数学模块实现考虑冰水相变和水分对流的温度场和水分场偏微分方程的耦合求解,分析了冻土水分对流与温度变化的关系。结果表明:(1)COMSOL可以实现冻土水热参数、冰水相变潜热以及边界条件的灵活定义,容易实现水热两场耦合分析;(2)对于含水量较高的土体,水分对流传热作用不可忽略。

A multiphysics-viscoplastic cap model for simulating blast response of cemented tailings backfill

Although a large number of previous researches have significantly contributed to the understanding of the quasi-static mechanical behavior of cemented tailings backfill,an evolutive porous medium used in underground mine cavities,very few efforts have been made to improve the knowledge on its response under sudden dynamic loading during the curing process.In fact,there is a great need for such information given that cemented backfill structures are often subjected to blast loadings due to mine exploitations.In this study,a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)-viscoplastic cap model is developed to describe the behavior of cementing mine backfill material under blast loading.A THMC model for cemented backfill is adopted to evaluate its behavior and evolution of its properties in curing processes with coupled thermal,hydraulic,mechanical and chemical factors.Then,the model is coupled to a Perzyna type of viscoplastic model with a modified smooth surface cap envelope and a variable bulk modulus,in order to reasonably capture the nonlinear and rate-dependent behaviors of the cemented tailings backfill under blast loading.All of the parameters required for the variable-modulus viscoplastic cap model were obtained by applying the THMC model to reproducing evolution of cemented paste backfill(CPB)properties in the curing process.Thus,the behavior of hydrating cemented backfill under high-rate impacts can be evaluated under any curing time of concern.The validation results of the proposed model indicate a good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results.The authors believe that the proposed model will contribute to a better understanding of the performance of hydrating cemented backfill under blasting,and also to practical risk management of backfill structures associated with such a dynamic condition.

基于Comsol Multiphysics的通水冷却热流耦合数值分析

当前针对大体积混凝土通水冷却热流耦合问题的数值分析还存在许多不足,面临着简化较多、精细模拟十分困难的局面。为此,基于Comsol Multiphysics多场耦合有限元软件中的流体流动模块和传热模块,进行了通水冷却热流耦合精细化数值分析,将计算结果与理论解、通水冷却等效算法进行对比,验证了Comsol耦合精细化算法的正确性和可行性。结果表明,Comsol耦合精细化算法在模拟水管沿程温度变化和水管附近的温度值变化方面比等效算法更加精确,更能体现真实的温度梯度,为后续的热应力分析奠定了基础。

A Numerical Model Coupling Electromagnetism and Thermomechanics Application to Induction Heating Modeling

A numerical model coupling the various physical phenomena (electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical) taking place in the induction heating process has been developed. The mathematical model and the numerical methods are presented here, along with some results ( electric, thermal and mechanical fields in the workpiece)

基于COMSOL Multiphysics的新型压电驱动器仿真分析

激光扫描器是一种光学距离传感器,通常需要很好的高频特性,而一般激光扫描器很难达到这种要求,针对此问题,设计一种基于COMSOL Multiphysics的新型压电驱动器。压电驱动器作为激光扫描器的核心部件,它的性能很大程度上影响了激光扫描器的性能。选用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场耦合软件,并采用有限元方法对新型压电驱动器进行仿真,分析了其特征频率、频域、瞬态特性。特征频率、频域特性分析得到了新型压电驱动器的固有频率,瞬态分析得到了其随时间变化的位移图,并通过与传统压电驱动器的仿真比较,得出了其具有更好的高频动态特性、更大的位移放大率的优点。

Multiphysics Coupling Study on Impregnation Process of Hot-Melt Resin in Fiber Fabrics for Composite Material Production

Since the resin-based composite materials are of essential importance in many key engineering fields,the manufacture processes are highly worth studying and optimizing for satisfying quality control at the highest possible production rate.In this paper,combined with the impregnation theory,the flow-thermal-mechanical multiphysics coupling model is built to characterize,investigate and optimize the osmotic flow process of hot-melt resin in fiber fabrics with the uniformity and adequacy of resin impregnation as the evaluation criteria.First,the osmotic flow process is characterized by the osmotic flow front of resin,which is tracked by the phase-field method.Then,the influencing factors of roller clearance,temperature and speed are comprehensively investigated.After that,the simulation data of resin impregnation degree are fitted by polynomial curves,with accuracy up to 96.13%,for further investigation of interaction between influencing factors.Finally,based on the above results,the operation parameter combination for impregnation process is optimized with the response surface method and provided as the guidance for practical application.

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型建立和实验分析

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器衔铁转动引起的触点碰撞、弹跳现象使运动过程复杂,静、动态特性理论分析和仿真模型建立困难。以某型号多簧片结构的磁保持继电器为研究对象,理论分析结构拓扑及工作机理,考虑触点间切入深度,引入狄拉克函数和赫维赛德函数,解决簧片受力分散及触点由于碰撞、弹跳引起的作用力不连续问题;将簧片等效为悬臂梁,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论建立触簧系统三簧片分段耦合动力学模型。利用Ansys Maxwell引入基于误差的自适应网格划分方法求解电磁机构静态特性;考虑触簧系统簧片运动变形效应,通过ADAMS基于模态理论,构建刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型。基于分段动力学思想,搭建电-磁-机械运动多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型。利用高速摄像机、电流探头等设计磁保持继电器实验方案,搭建实验平台,测试并分析磁保持继电器触点吸合运动时间、触点压力、弹跳时间、线圈电流,并分析人工装配簧片引起触点压力不同使继电器动作过程存在的不一致性问题,验证该文所提多簧片结构的磁保持继电器特性分段耦合分析方法和多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型的有效性。

电工实验台热继电器故障频发的研究与分析

电工实验室核心过载保护装置热继电器的频繁损坏,严重影响实验的顺利进行。随着电工实验台模块的不断增加,电路结构复杂程度不断上升,实验中频繁使用热继电器会导致其损坏越来越多,进而使实验准备时间成倍增加,极大地影响了学生做实验的积极性。针对以上问题及实验教学的实际需要,采用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件,结合Siemens NX软件完成热继电器线圈在持续工作电流及短路电流下,电流、电磁及温度三场的耦合仿真,并通过与实际数据对比分析查找热继电器频繁损坏的根本原因。这为之后的建模仿真打下良好的基础,同时也为实验室继电保护模块的选型提供了依据。

板状燃料富集度对燃料性能的影响研究

核燃料的富集度对燃料性能有着重要的影响。为探究燃料富集度对U3Si2-Al板状燃料性能的影响,本研究基于BEEs-Plates/OpenMC/ZEBRA耦合程序,针对15%、20%和25%富集度的组件开展了中子物理-热工水力-燃料性能耦合计算,并分析了组件平均燃耗达125.71 GWd·tU^(-1)时的中子物理参数和燃料性能参数。计算结果表明,燃料组件富集度越高,其体积应变、蠕变应变和塑性应变越大。对中子物理参数的分析结果表明,25%富集度的组件功率密度比15%富集度的组件高出约18%,且富集度越高的组件最大燃耗也越大。对燃料性能参数的分析结果表明,25%富集度的组件塑性应变比15%富集度的组件最大高约40%,说明富集度越高的组件越容易发生失效。

压电陶瓷可控机械密封多场耦合模型与调控性能分析

提出一种基于压电陶瓷的可控机械密封结构,基于有限元软件分析施加电压和压电陶瓷数量对密封静环端面的变形规律;考虑密封动静环与润滑液膜间的热力耦合作用,建立可控机械密封的流固热耦合模型,研究施加电压和压电陶瓷数量对密封调控性能的影响。结果表明:施加电压的压电陶瓷使静环端面产生了径向锥度和周向波度变形,变形量随电压的增大而增加;静环端面变形在增大液膜承载力的同时减小了端面接触力;压电陶瓷数量的增多减小了周向波度变形,增大了径向锥度变形,使静环端面变形趋于周向均匀化;增大压电陶瓷电压可实现密封端面润滑状态的转变,使密封端面摩擦温升降低,使泄漏率控制在允许范围之内。

变厚度铺层Nomex蜂窝夹层件固化变形的数值模拟

为准确预测变厚度铺层夹层结构的固化变形,基于热-化学-结构多物理场耦合方法对AS4/8551碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料-Nomex蜂窝夹层结构的固化过程进行数值模拟。考虑材料时变特性的影响,结合复合材料瞬时线弹性本构模型、细观力学理论和改进的Gibson等效理论建立起夹层结构三维有限元仿真模型,研究了结构在整个固化周期中的固化度场、温度场和应力-应变场的分布关系,并同已有的实验结果进行对比验证,最后通过解析模型分析预固化工艺对结构回弹变形的影响规律。结果表明:建立的有限元模型能够比较准确地反映结构固化过程,固化变形的平均预测误差为4.8%,最大预测误差不超过6.0%;变厚度铺层设计对较薄区域面板的固化应力影响较大,表现为沿厚度方向的向上剪切应力,在冷却阶段集中于结构端部并转化为结构翘曲;面板预固化处理削弱了固化放热和材料各向异性对夹层结构固化变形的影响,0.25预固化程度下结构最大变形的降低幅度达到14.78%。研究结果为复杂设计蜂窝夹层件制造精度的提升和工艺优化提供了重要参考。

基于谐波分析的封装-电路多物理场耦合仿真方法

场-路耦合仿真可以支持跨越芯片-封装-系统的多层级协同分析,多物理场仿真能够对多物理约束下芯片封装的信号完整性、电源完整性以及可靠性进行提前设计.因此,针对场-路结构的多物理场耦合仿真能够实现在初期对芯片封装的设计方案进行筛选和优化,是先进封装仿真技术最重要的发展方向之一.本文基于场-路耦合仿真和多物理场耦合仿真方法的最新研究进展,提出针对非线性场-路结构的频域仿真方法以及电磁-热耦合计算方法 .该方法能够解决基于时域仿真方法的场-路耦合仿真的长时间迭代问题,实现多物理约束下非线性场-路结构的电磁与热特性快速分析.计算结果验证了本文方法的准确性和高效性.