BACKGROUND The prominent symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS)are urogenital pain,lower urinary tract symptoms,psychological problems,and sexual dysfunction.Traditional pharmacological treatments have poor ef...BACKGROUND The prominent symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS)are urogenital pain,lower urinary tract symptoms,psychological problems,and sexual dysfunction.Traditional pharmacological treatments have poor efficacy and more untoward reaction and complications.Magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy is a non-invasive form of physiotherapy.Nevertheless,its effectiveness in improving urinary discomfort and relieving pain in patients requires further exploration.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of the magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy instrument in the treatment of chronic prostatitis(CP)/CPPS.METHODS Seventy patients with CP/CPPS were collected from the outpatient clinic and ward of the Department of Male Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and were treated with magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy once a day for a period of 14 d.National Institutes of healthchronic prostatitis symptom index(NIH-CPSI),international index of erectile function 5(IIEF-5),premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT),generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),patient health questionnaire,the pain catastrophizing scale(PCS)and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome(TCMS)scores were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment was 58.5%,and the total NIH-CPSI score,pain symptoms,voiding symptoms,quality of life,IIEF-5,PEDT,GAD,PCS and TCMS scores all decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Magnetic vibration magnetotherapy is effective in improving urinary discomfort,relieving pain,improving quality of life,improving sexual dysfunction and relieving negative emotions such as anxiety in patients with CP/CPPS.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are characterized by integrating cybernetic and physical processes. The theories and applications of CPS face the enormous challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a latest understan...Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are characterized by integrating cybernetic and physical processes. The theories and applications of CPS face the enormous challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a latest understanding of this emerging multi-disciplinary methodology. First, the features of CPS are described, and the research progresses are summarized from different components in CPS, such as system modeling,information acquisition, communication, control and security.Each part is also followed by the future directions. Then some typical applications are given to show the prospects of CPS.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are complex systems with organic integration and in-depth collaboration of computation, communications and control(3C) technology. Subject to the theory and technology of existing network s...Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are complex systems with organic integration and in-depth collaboration of computation, communications and control(3C) technology. Subject to the theory and technology of existing network systems and physical systems, the development of CPS is facing enormous challenges.This paper first introduces the concept and characteristics of CPS and analyzes the present situation of CPS researches. Then the development of CPS is discussed from perspectives of system model, information processing technology and software design.At last it analyzes the main obstacles and key researches in developing CPS.展开更多
Cyber-physical systems(CPS) is a system of systems which consists of many subsystems that can stand alone in an individual manner and can be taken as a typical complex network.CPS can be applied in the critical infras...Cyber-physical systems(CPS) is a system of systems which consists of many subsystems that can stand alone in an individual manner and can be taken as a typical complex network.CPS can be applied in the critical infrastructures such as water supply networks,energy supply systems,and so on.In this paper,we analyze the structure of modern city water supply networks from the view of CPS theory,we use complex network theory to build an undirected and unweighted complex network model for the water supply networks to investigate the structural properties,and present the structure of the water supply networks and detect communities by a spectral analysis of the Laplacian matrix.Then,we analyze the structure and controllability of water supply networks by the structural controllability method.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed complex network model.展开更多
As a complex and critical cyber-physical system(CPS),the hybrid electric powertrain is significant to mitigate air pollution and improve fuel economy.Energy management strategy(EMS)is playing a key role to improve the...As a complex and critical cyber-physical system(CPS),the hybrid electric powertrain is significant to mitigate air pollution and improve fuel economy.Energy management strategy(EMS)is playing a key role to improve the energy efficiency of this CPS.This paper presents a novel bidirectional long shortterm memory(LSTM)network based parallel reinforcement learning(PRL)approach to construct EMS for a hybrid tracked vehicle(HTV).This method contains two levels.The high-level establishes a parallel system first,which includes a real powertrain system and an artificial system.Then,the synthesized data from this parallel system is trained by a bidirectional LSTM network.The lower-level determines the optimal EMS using the trained action state function in the model-free reinforcement learning(RL)framework.PRL is a fully data-driven and learning-enabled approach that does not depend on any prediction and predefined rules.Finally,real vehicle testing is implemented and relevant experiment data is collected and calibrated.Experimental results validate that the proposed EMS can achieve considerable energy efficiency improvement by comparing with the conventional RL approach and deep RL.展开更多
In today's modern electric vehicles,enhancing the safety-critical cyber-physical system(CPS)'s performance is necessary for the safe maneuverability of the vehicle.As a typical CPS,the braking system is crucia...In today's modern electric vehicles,enhancing the safety-critical cyber-physical system(CPS)'s performance is necessary for the safe maneuverability of the vehicle.As a typical CPS,the braking system is crucial for the vehicle design and safe control.However,precise state estimation of the brake pressure is desired to perform safe driving with a high degree of autonomy.In this paper,a sensorless state estimation technique of the vehicle's brake pressure is developed using a deep-learning approach.A deep neural network(DNN)is structured and trained using deep-learning training techniques,such as,dropout and rectified units.These techniques are utilized to obtain more accurate model for brake pressure state estimation applications.The proposed model is trained using real experimental training data which were collected via conducting real vehicle testing.The vehicle was attached to a chassis dynamometer while the brake pressure data were collected under random driving cycles.Based on these experimental data,the DNN is trained and the performance of the proposed state estimation approach is validated accordingly.The results demonstrate high-accuracy brake pressure state estimation with RMSE of 0.048 MPa.展开更多
As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seri...As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seriously challenge architecture study. In this paper, a service-oriented architecture of CPS was presented. Further, a two-way time synchronization algorithm for CPS service composition was put forward. And a formal method, for judging if actual CPS service meets space constraints, was suggested, which was based on space-π-calculus proposed. Finally, a case study was performed and CPS business process designed by the model and the proposed methods could run well. The application of research conclusion implies that it has rationality and feasibility.展开更多
Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems(CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliab...Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems(CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliability constraints.One of the fundamental considerations for enabling CPS networks is the medium access control protocol. To this end, this paper proposes a novel priority-aware frequency domain polling medium access control(MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA)physical layer to achieve instantaneous priority-aware polling.Based on the polling result, the proposed work then optimizes the resource allocation of the OFDMA network to further improve the data reliability. Due to the non-polynomial-complete nature of the OFDMA resource allocation, we propose two heuristic rules,based on which an efficient solution algorithm to the OFDMA resource allocation problem is designed. Simulation results show that the reliability performance of CPS networks is significantly improved because of this work.展开更多
In this paper,a new filtering fusion problem is studied for nonlinear cyber-physical systems under errorvariance constraints and denial-of-service attacks.To prevent data collision and reduce communication cost,the st...In this paper,a new filtering fusion problem is studied for nonlinear cyber-physical systems under errorvariance constraints and denial-of-service attacks.To prevent data collision and reduce communication cost,the stochastic communication protocol is adopted in the sensor-to-filter channels to regulate the transmission order of sensors.Each sensor is allowed to enter the network according to the transmission priority decided by a set of independent and identicallydistributed random variables.From the defenders’view,the occurrence of the denial-of-service attack is governed by the randomly Bernoulli-distributed sequence.At the local filtering stage,a set of variance-constrained local filters are designed where the upper bounds(on the filtering error covariances)are first acquired and later minimized by appropriately designing filter parameters.At the fusion stage,all local estimates and error covariances are combined to develop a variance-constrained fusion estimator under the federated fusion rule.Furthermore,the performance of the fusion estimator is examined by studying the boundedness of the fused error covariance.A simulation example is finally presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fusion estimator.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The prominent symptoms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS)are urogenital pain,lower urinary tract symptoms,psychological problems,and sexual dysfunction.Traditional pharmacological treatments have poor efficacy and more untoward reaction and complications.Magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy is a non-invasive form of physiotherapy.Nevertheless,its effectiveness in improving urinary discomfort and relieving pain in patients requires further exploration.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of the magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy instrument in the treatment of chronic prostatitis(CP)/CPPS.METHODS Seventy patients with CP/CPPS were collected from the outpatient clinic and ward of the Department of Male Medicine,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and were treated with magnetic vibration magnetoelectric therapy once a day for a period of 14 d.National Institutes of healthchronic prostatitis symptom index(NIH-CPSI),international index of erectile function 5(IIEF-5),premature ejaculation diagnostic tool(PEDT),generalized anxiety disorder(GAD),patient health questionnaire,the pain catastrophizing scale(PCS)and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome(TCMS)scores were performed before and after treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment was 58.5%,and the total NIH-CPSI score,pain symptoms,voiding symptoms,quality of life,IIEF-5,PEDT,GAD,PCS and TCMS scores all decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Magnetic vibration magnetotherapy is effective in improving urinary discomfort,relieving pain,improving quality of life,improving sexual dysfunction and relieving negative emotions such as anxiety in patients with CP/CPPS.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61221003,61174127,61573245,61273181,61503247,61301223)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(15QA1402300,14511107903)
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are characterized by integrating cybernetic and physical processes. The theories and applications of CPS face the enormous challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a latest understanding of this emerging multi-disciplinary methodology. First, the features of CPS are described, and the research progresses are summarized from different components in CPS, such as system modeling,information acquisition, communication, control and security.Each part is also followed by the future directions. Then some typical applications are given to show the prospects of CPS.
基金supported by National Natural Science of China(61170262,61371177)
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are complex systems with organic integration and in-depth collaboration of computation, communications and control(3C) technology. Subject to the theory and technology of existing network systems and physical systems, the development of CPS is facing enormous challenges.This paper first introduces the concept and characteristics of CPS and analyzes the present situation of CPS researches. Then the development of CPS is discussed from perspectives of system model, information processing technology and software design.At last it analyzes the main obstacles and key researches in developing CPS.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61233004,61221003,61374109,61104091,61304078,61473184)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2013CB035500)+2 种基金the International Cooperation Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(12230709600)the Higher Education Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of China(20120073130006,20110073110018)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M540364)
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPS) is a system of systems which consists of many subsystems that can stand alone in an individual manner and can be taken as a typical complex network.CPS can be applied in the critical infrastructures such as water supply networks,energy supply systems,and so on.In this paper,we analyze the structure of modern city water supply networks from the view of CPS theory,we use complex network theory to build an undirected and unweighted complex network model for the water supply networks to investigate the structural properties,and present the structure of the water supply networks and detect communities by a spectral analysis of the Laplacian matrix.Then,we analyze the structure and controllability of water supply networks by the structural controllability method.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed complex network model.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61533019,91720000)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100008918007)the Intel Collaborative Research Institute for Intelligent and Automated Connected Vehicles(pICRI-IACVq)
文摘As a complex and critical cyber-physical system(CPS),the hybrid electric powertrain is significant to mitigate air pollution and improve fuel economy.Energy management strategy(EMS)is playing a key role to improve the energy efficiency of this CPS.This paper presents a novel bidirectional long shortterm memory(LSTM)network based parallel reinforcement learning(PRL)approach to construct EMS for a hybrid tracked vehicle(HTV).This method contains two levels.The high-level establishes a parallel system first,which includes a real powertrain system and an artificial system.Then,the synthesized data from this parallel system is trained by a bidirectional LSTM network.The lower-level determines the optimal EMS using the trained action state function in the model-free reinforcement learning(RL)framework.PRL is a fully data-driven and learning-enabled approach that does not depend on any prediction and predefined rules.Finally,real vehicle testing is implemented and relevant experiment data is collected and calibrated.Experimental results validate that the proposed EMS can achieve considerable energy efficiency improvement by comparing with the conventional RL approach and deep RL.
文摘In today's modern electric vehicles,enhancing the safety-critical cyber-physical system(CPS)'s performance is necessary for the safe maneuverability of the vehicle.As a typical CPS,the braking system is crucial for the vehicle design and safe control.However,precise state estimation of the brake pressure is desired to perform safe driving with a high degree of autonomy.In this paper,a sensorless state estimation technique of the vehicle's brake pressure is developed using a deep-learning approach.A deep neural network(DNN)is structured and trained using deep-learning training techniques,such as,dropout and rectified units.These techniques are utilized to obtain more accurate model for brake pressure state estimation applications.The proposed model is trained using real experimental training data which were collected via conducting real vehicle testing.The vehicle was attached to a chassis dynamometer while the brake pressure data were collected under random driving cycles.Based on these experimental data,the DNN is trained and the performance of the proposed state estimation approach is validated accordingly.The results demonstrate high-accuracy brake pressure state estimation with RMSE of 0.048 MPa.
基金National High-Tech Research and Development Programs of China( 863 Program) ( No. 2011AA010101,No. 2012AA062203) National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 61103069 ) Key Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China( No. 10dz1122600)
文摘As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seriously challenge architecture study. In this paper, a service-oriented architecture of CPS was presented. Further, a two-way time synchronization algorithm for CPS service composition was put forward. And a formal method, for judging if actual CPS service meets space constraints, was suggested, which was based on space-π-calculus proposed. Finally, a case study was performed and CPS business process designed by the model and the proposed methods could run well. The application of research conclusion implies that it has rationality and feasibility.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61304263,61233007)the Cross-disciplinary Collaborative Teams Program for Science,Technology and Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Network and System Technologies for Security Monitoring and Information Interaction in Smart Arid
文摘Wireless networking in cyber-physical systems(CPSs) is characteristically different from traditional wireless systems due to the harsh radio frequency environment and applications that impose high real-time and reliability constraints.One of the fundamental considerations for enabling CPS networks is the medium access control protocol. To this end, this paper proposes a novel priority-aware frequency domain polling medium access control(MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA)physical layer to achieve instantaneous priority-aware polling.Based on the polling result, the proposed work then optimizes the resource allocation of the OFDMA network to further improve the data reliability. Due to the non-polynomial-complete nature of the OFDMA resource allocation, we propose two heuristic rules,based on which an efficient solution algorithm to the OFDMA resource allocation problem is designed. Simulation results show that the reliability performance of CPS networks is significantly improved because of this work.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173068,61803074,61703245,61973102,U2030205,61903065,61671109,U1830207,U1830133)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643441,2017M623005)+1 种基金the Royal Society of UKthe Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany。
文摘In this paper,a new filtering fusion problem is studied for nonlinear cyber-physical systems under errorvariance constraints and denial-of-service attacks.To prevent data collision and reduce communication cost,the stochastic communication protocol is adopted in the sensor-to-filter channels to regulate the transmission order of sensors.Each sensor is allowed to enter the network according to the transmission priority decided by a set of independent and identicallydistributed random variables.From the defenders’view,the occurrence of the denial-of-service attack is governed by the randomly Bernoulli-distributed sequence.At the local filtering stage,a set of variance-constrained local filters are designed where the upper bounds(on the filtering error covariances)are first acquired and later minimized by appropriately designing filter parameters.At the fusion stage,all local estimates and error covariances are combined to develop a variance-constrained fusion estimator under the federated fusion rule.Furthermore,the performance of the fusion estimator is examined by studying the boundedness of the fused error covariance.A simulation example is finally presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fusion estimator.
