Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle, few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been...Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle, few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been revealed because of its complex co nstruction and control strategy. In this paper, a series-parallel hybrid electric bus as well as its control strategy is revealed, and a control parameter optimization approach using the real-valued genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimization objective is to minimize the fuel consumption while sustain the battery state of charge, a tangent penalty function of state of charge(SOC) is embodied in the objective function to recast this multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem as a single linear optimization problem. For this strategy, the vehicle operating mode is switched based on the vehicle speed, and an "optimal line" typed strategy is designed for the parallel control. The optimization parameters include the speed threshold for mode switching, the highest state of charge allowed, the lowest state of charge allowed and the scale factor of the engine optimal torque to the engine maximum torque at a rotational speed. They are optimized through numerical experiments based on real-value genes, arithmetic crossover and mutation operators. The hybrid bus has been evaluated at the Chinese Transit Bus City Driving Cycle via road test, in which a control area network-based monitor system was used to trace the driving schedule. The test result shows that this approach is feasible for the control parameter optimization. This approach can be applied to not only the novel construction presented in this paper, but also other types of hybrid electric vehicles.展开更多
为解决商用车在行驶过程中,传统的液压助力转向系统阻力较大且效率较低,并且在长期使用后保养不当容易泄露,可能引起事故等问题,对电动辅助转向电机控制算法和设计进行了研究。电动辅助转向电机选择永磁同步电机,通过应用模糊PID(Propor...为解决商用车在行驶过程中,传统的液压助力转向系统阻力较大且效率较低,并且在长期使用后保养不当容易泄露,可能引起事故等问题,对电动辅助转向电机控制算法和设计进行了研究。电动辅助转向电机选择永磁同步电机,通过应用模糊PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)算法可以精确,快速地调制到参考值。同时采用拓展卡尔曼滤波器可以估算永磁同步电机的转子位置,减小控制器的体积及成本。在驱动系统中,由于大电流耦合路径多样严重影响电机控制系统的电磁兼容性能,所以电机控制时采用驱动系统EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility)设计。实验结果表明,基于模糊PID算法以及拓展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机控制可以应用于商用车电动辅助转向电机控制中。展开更多
Since LiOsO_3 was discovered, obtaining easy-accessible polar metals for research and applications has been challenging. In this paper, we present a multilayer design strategy, which is configured as ferroelectric lay...Since LiOsO_3 was discovered, obtaining easy-accessible polar metals for research and applications has been challenging. In this paper, we present a multilayer design strategy, which is configured as ferroelectric layer/carrier reservoir layer/isolation layer/substrate, for obtaining polar metals by electrostatically doping a strained ferroelectric material in a more effective way. In the proposed configuration, both 1 unit-cell thick BaTiO_3 and PbTiO_3 exhibited considerable Ti off-centering with various strains,which should extend the applicability of ferroelectric-based polar metals in ultra-thin devices. Moreover, engineered by the compressive strain and the BaTiO_3 thickness, the design strategy effectively achieved polar metallicity and dimensionalitytunable electronic states associated with the modulation of highly anisotropic properties such as electrical and electronic thermal conductivity, which may be helpful for designing ultra-thin, ultrafast, and low-power switch devices.展开更多
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2006AA11A127)
文摘Despite the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle inherits the performance advantages from both series and parallel hybrid electric vehicle, few researches about the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle have been revealed because of its complex co nstruction and control strategy. In this paper, a series-parallel hybrid electric bus as well as its control strategy is revealed, and a control parameter optimization approach using the real-valued genetic algorithm is proposed. The optimization objective is to minimize the fuel consumption while sustain the battery state of charge, a tangent penalty function of state of charge(SOC) is embodied in the objective function to recast this multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem as a single linear optimization problem. For this strategy, the vehicle operating mode is switched based on the vehicle speed, and an "optimal line" typed strategy is designed for the parallel control. The optimization parameters include the speed threshold for mode switching, the highest state of charge allowed, the lowest state of charge allowed and the scale factor of the engine optimal torque to the engine maximum torque at a rotational speed. They are optimized through numerical experiments based on real-value genes, arithmetic crossover and mutation operators. The hybrid bus has been evaluated at the Chinese Transit Bus City Driving Cycle via road test, in which a control area network-based monitor system was used to trace the driving schedule. The test result shows that this approach is feasible for the control parameter optimization. This approach can be applied to not only the novel construction presented in this paper, but also other types of hybrid electric vehicles.
文摘为解决商用车在行驶过程中,传统的液压助力转向系统阻力较大且效率较低,并且在长期使用后保养不当容易泄露,可能引起事故等问题,对电动辅助转向电机控制算法和设计进行了研究。电动辅助转向电机选择永磁同步电机,通过应用模糊PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)算法可以精确,快速地调制到参考值。同时采用拓展卡尔曼滤波器可以估算永磁同步电机的转子位置,减小控制器的体积及成本。在驱动系统中,由于大电流耦合路径多样严重影响电机控制系统的电磁兼容性能,所以电机控制时采用驱动系统EMC(Electro Magnetic Compatibility)设计。实验结果表明,基于模糊PID算法以及拓展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机控制可以应用于商用车电动辅助转向电机控制中。
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB921001)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07030200)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH020)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11721404,and11674385)
文摘Since LiOsO_3 was discovered, obtaining easy-accessible polar metals for research and applications has been challenging. In this paper, we present a multilayer design strategy, which is configured as ferroelectric layer/carrier reservoir layer/isolation layer/substrate, for obtaining polar metals by electrostatically doping a strained ferroelectric material in a more effective way. In the proposed configuration, both 1 unit-cell thick BaTiO_3 and PbTiO_3 exhibited considerable Ti off-centering with various strains,which should extend the applicability of ferroelectric-based polar metals in ultra-thin devices. Moreover, engineered by the compressive strain and the BaTiO_3 thickness, the design strategy effectively achieved polar metallicity and dimensionalitytunable electronic states associated with the modulation of highly anisotropic properties such as electrical and electronic thermal conductivity, which may be helpful for designing ultra-thin, ultrafast, and low-power switch devices.