Carbon nanotube(CNT)yarns with adjustable diameters were manufactured by twisting CNT films with varied twists.Different from traditional CNT fibers,CNT yarns exhibited a larger diameter(423μm)and a higher tensile fo...Carbon nanotube(CNT)yarns with adjustable diameters were manufactured by twisting CNT films with varied twists.Different from traditional CNT fibers,CNT yarns exhibited a larger diameter(423μm)and a higher tensile force(1988 cN).The results showed that CNT yarns with the twist angle of 35°exhibited the highest conductivity(886 S/cm)and the highest tensile strain(35%).展开更多
Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such...Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such as intensity sensitivity,bandwidth,phase,and accuracy.The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)are fundamental physics principles behind the stage.Furthermore,various techniques such as amplitude-or frequency-modulation,optical homodyne read-out,microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels.In this review,different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented,hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.展开更多
pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain.However,with continued use,they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia,which limits therapeutic efficacy.The human mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hypera...pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain.However,with continued use,they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia,which limits therapeutic efficacy.The human mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia are significantly understudied,in part,because current models cannot fully recapitulate human pathology.Here,we engineered novel human spinal microphysiological systems(MPSs)integrated with plug-and-play neural activity sensing for modeling human nociception and opioid-induced tolerance.Each spinal MPS consists of a flattened human spinal cord organoid derived from human stem cells and a 3D printed organoid holder device for plug-and-play neural activity measurement.We found that the flattened organoid design of MPSs not only reduces hypoxia and necrosis in the organoids,but also promotes their neuron maturation,neural activity,and functional development.We further demonstrated that prolonged opioid exposure resulted in neurochemical correlates of opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia,as measured by altered neural activity,and downregulation ofμ-opioid receptor expression of human spinal MPSs.The MPSs are scalable,cost-effective,easy-to-use,and compatible with commonly-used well-plates,thus allowing plug-and-play measurements of neural activity.We believe the MPSs hold a promising translational potential for studying human pain etiology,screening new treatments,and validating novel therapeutics for human pain medicine.展开更多
文摘Carbon nanotube(CNT)yarns with adjustable diameters were manufactured by twisting CNT films with varied twists.Different from traditional CNT fibers,CNT yarns exhibited a larger diameter(423μm)and a higher tensile force(1988 cN).The results showed that CNT yarns with the twist angle of 35°exhibited the highest conductivity(886 S/cm)and the highest tensile strain(35%).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404000,2021YFA1402004,and 2022YFA1405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61827824,61975104,12225405,U20A2074,U20A20218,61525504,and 61435011)+3 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0301700)the Fund for Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory and the Fund for Shanxi“331 Project”Key Subjects Construction,Bairen Project of Shanxi Province,China,the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY020200)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(202203a13010001)National Research Foundation,Prime Ministers Office,Singapore and the Ministry of Education,Singapore under the Research Centres of Excellence programme.
文摘Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such as intensity sensitivity,bandwidth,phase,and accuracy.The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)are fundamental physics principles behind the stage.Furthermore,various techniques such as amplitude-or frequency-modulation,optical homodyne read-out,microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels.In this review,different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented,hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.
基金The project was supported by the departmental start-up funds of Indiana University Bloomington,and in part by NSF grants(CCF-1909509,and CMMI-2025434)NIH awards(DP2AI160242,DA056242,and DA047858).
文摘pioids are commonly used for treating chronic pain.However,with continued use,they may induce tolerance and/or hyperalgesia,which limits therapeutic efficacy.The human mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia are significantly understudied,in part,because current models cannot fully recapitulate human pathology.Here,we engineered novel human spinal microphysiological systems(MPSs)integrated with plug-and-play neural activity sensing for modeling human nociception and opioid-induced tolerance.Each spinal MPS consists of a flattened human spinal cord organoid derived from human stem cells and a 3D printed organoid holder device for plug-and-play neural activity measurement.We found that the flattened organoid design of MPSs not only reduces hypoxia and necrosis in the organoids,but also promotes their neuron maturation,neural activity,and functional development.We further demonstrated that prolonged opioid exposure resulted in neurochemical correlates of opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia,as measured by altered neural activity,and downregulation ofμ-opioid receptor expression of human spinal MPSs.The MPSs are scalable,cost-effective,easy-to-use,and compatible with commonly-used well-plates,thus allowing plug-and-play measurements of neural activity.We believe the MPSs hold a promising translational potential for studying human pain etiology,screening new treatments,and validating novel therapeutics for human pain medicine.
