Selection rules for electric multipole transition of triatomic molecule in scattering experiments

In the electron or x-ray scattering experiment,the measured spectra at larger momentum transfer are dominated by the electric dipole-forbidden transitions,while the corresponding selection rules for triatomic molecules have not been clearly elucidated.In this work,based on the molecular point group,the selection rules for the electric multipolarities of the electronic transitions of triatomic molecules are derived and summarized into several tables with the variation of molecular geometry in the transition process being considered.Based on the summarized selection rules,the electron energy loss spectra of H2O,CO2,and N2O are identified,and the momentum transfer dependence behaviors of their valence-shell excitations are explained.

Electrical and optical properties of indium tin oxide/epoxy composite film

The electrical and optical properties of the indium tin oxide （ITO）/epoxy composite exhibit dramatic variations as functions of the ITO composition and ITO particle size. Sharp increases in the conductivity in the vicinity of a critical volume fraction have been found within the framework of percolation theory. A conductive and insulating transition model is extracted by the ITO particle network in the SEM image, and verified by the resistivity dependence on the temperature. The dependence of the optical transmittance on the particle size was studied. Further decreasing the ITO particle size could further improve the percolation threshold and light transparency of the composite film.

Robustness of the octupole collectivity in 144Ba within the cranking covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice

The octupole deformation and collectivity in octupole double-magic nucleus 144Ba are investigated using the Cranking covariant density functional theory in a three-dimensional lattice space.The reduced B(E3)transition probability is implemented for the first time in semiclassical approximation based on the microscopically calculated electric octupole moments.The available data,including the I-ωrelation and electric transitional probabilities B(E2)and B(E3)are well reproduced.Furthermore,it is shown that the ground state of 144Ba exhibits axial octupole and quadrupole deformations that persist up to high spins(I≈24h).

Static or dynamic pear shapes in radioactive nucleus ^(224)Rn?

We report a comprehensive study on low-lying parity doublet states of ^(224)Rn by mixing both quadrupole-and octupoleshaped configurations in multireference covariant density functional theory,in which broken symmetries in configurations are restored using projection techniques.The low-lying energy spectrum is reasonably reproduced when the shape fluctuations in both the quadrupole and octupole shapes are considered.Electric octupole transition strength in ^(224)Rn is found to be B(E3;3_(1)^(-)→0_(1)^(+))=43 W.u.,comparable to that in ^(224)Ra,whose data are 42(3)W.u..Our results indicate that ^(224)Rn shares similar low-energy structure with ^(224)Ra despite the excitation energy of first 3^(−)state of the former nucleus is higher than that of the latter.This study suggests ^(224)Rn is a candidate for the search for permanent electric dipole moment.

The Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Epitaxial Growth of La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_3 Thin Film

The growth conditions of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3(LCMO) epitaxial thin film are investigated.The results indicate that the deposition temperature plays a crucial role on the growth mode of LCMO thin film.There is an optimal deposition temperature,To,for the epitaxial growth of LCMO thin film.Just only at the To,the real epitaxial LCMO thin film can be obtained.When the deposition temperature deviates from the To,the thin film tends to be polycrystalline,although it orientes growth along a certain direction(a or c axis).Moreover,the experimental results show that just only for the epitaxial thin film the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperature(i.e.the Courier temperature Tc) equals to the metal-semiconductor transition temperature(Tp).The ferromagnetic state shows metallicity and the paramagnetic state exhibits semiconducting character.

Analysis of Control Characteristic for the Drive System of Electric Transit Bus

The drive control system of the permanent magnetic direct current motor with the enhanced magnetism windings used in the electric transit bus is developed. The mathematics model of the drive control system for this motor is established. The new mode that the added exiting magnetism field could be weakened and the speed of the motor could be controlled automatically is proposed and realized. The method of root locus design is applied to analyze the acceleration control characteristic. The results of simulation show that the new drive motor control system has extraordinary response characteristic and adjustable performance. Experiments of vehicle running show that the drive control system's antijamming ability is strong and the adjustable performance is fast and smooth, it can meet the demand of power characteristic very well.

The electric and magnetic properties of epitaxially grown A0.5-xLaxSr0.5MnO3 （A=Pr, Nd） thin film

The epitaxial （single crystal-like） Pr0.4La0.1Sr0.5MnO3 （PLSMO） and Nd0.35La0.15Sr0.5MnO3 （NLSMO） thin films are prepared and characterized, and the electric and magnetic properties are examined. We find that both PLSMO and NLSMO have their own optimum deposition temperature （To） in their growing into epitaxial thin films. When the deposition temperature is higher than To, a c-axis oriented but polycrystalline thin film grows; when the deposition temperature is lower than To, the thin film tends to be a-axis oriented and also polycrystalline. The most important point is that for the epitaxial PLSMO and NLSMO thin films the electronic phase transitions are closely consistent with the magnetic phase transitions, i.e. an antiferromagnetic phase corresponds to an insulating state, a ferromagnetic phase corresponds to a metallic state and a paramagnetic phase corresponds to a semiconducting state, while for the polycrystalline thin films the electronic phase transitions are always not consistent with the magnetic transitions.

Modeling porous structure of oil-pressboard interface and its effect on electric field distribution

The oil-pressboard insulation is a typical composite insulation system widely used in the design and manufactory of large power apparatus. The implement of oil-pressboard insulation may lead to surface electrification and discharge at the interface under certain condition. It is of significant importance to take an insight into the phenomenon occurring at the interface. Through experiment, the pressboard is found as a porous material. The interface changes abruptly from bulk pressboard to the bulk oil as a result of the porous structure. A new model is proposed which divides the interface into bulk oil region, transition region, and bulk pressboard region. The width of the transition region is decided according to the microtome figure. The effective permittivity of the transition region is calculated using a new model based on fractal theory. The model is validated and compared with previous calculation model. The effect of the existence of transition region on the electric field distribution is discussed.

Policy entry points forfacilitating a transition towards alow-carbonelectricityfuture

This study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transitionby specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio-economic systems to facilitate the transition process.Guided by the"essence"of the multi-level perspective-a prominent framework for the study of energy transition,four such entry points have been identified:1)destabilising the dominant,fossil fuel-based electricity regime to create room for renewable technologies tobreak through;2)reconfiguring the electricity regime,which encompasses technology,short-term operational practices and long-term planning processes,to improve flexibility for accommodating large outputs from variable renewable sources whilst maintaining supply security;3)addressing the impactofcoal power phase-outon coal mining regions in terms of economic development and jobs;and 4)facilitating a shift in transition governance towards a learning-based,reflexive process.Specific areas for policy interventions within each of these entry points have also been discussed in the paper.

Systematics of 2_(1)^(+)States in N=82 Even-even Isotones

In this paper,we study the systematics of the 2_(1)^(+)states in the N=82 even-even isotones with proton numbers between 52 and 72.We calculate the level energies of the 0_(1)^(+),2_(1)^(+)states and the electric quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+)),in the framework of the nuclear shell model with a monopole-and multipole-optimized realistic interaction.Our calculations yield good agreement with the experimental data and show a 2.5 MeV gap at Z=64 subshell closure in^(146)Gd.We predict that the B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value for^(146)Gd is close to those for^(142)Nd and^(144)Sm,and the values increase rapidly from^(148)Dy to^(152)Yb.

Structure of high spin state in proton-rich ^(74,76,78)Kr isotopes:A projected shell model description

The N≈Z nuclei in the mass A^80 region has been researched because of an abundance of nuclear structure phenomena.The projected shell model(PSM)was adopted to investigate the structure of high spin state in proton-rich 74,76,78Kr isotopes including yrast spectra,moment of inertia,electric quadrupole transitions and the behavior of single particle.The calculated results are in good agreement with available data and the shape coexistence in low-spin is also discussed.

Relaxor ferroelectric properties of 85PZN–15BT transparent ceramic at low temperatures

Dielectric,hysteresis(P–E)loops and TSDC properties of transparent 85PZN–15BT ceramic over
150–150℃ were investigated.The sample was found to exhibit a strong relaxor behavior and a relatively small remanent polarization.TSDC studies showed that there existed an electric field-dependent peak in the p versus T.Such interesting features were attributed to the electric field-induced transition and coexistence of polar nanoregion,long-range ordered polar region and nonpolarizable BZN-rich region.

Systematic study of the product((E(2_2^+)/E(2_1^+)) * B(E2)↑) through the asymmetric rotor model

A systematic study of the product（（E（22^＋）/E（21^＋））＊B（E2）↑） is carried out in the major shell space Z=50-82,N=82-126 within the framework of the asymmetric rotor model where the asymmetry parameter γ0reflects change in the nuclear structure.A systematic study of the product（（E（2^＋）/E（2^＋））＊B（E2）↑） with neutron number N is also discussed.The product（（E（22^＋）/E（21^＋））＊B（E2）↑） provides a direct correlation with the asymmetry parameter γ0.The effect of subshells is visible in Ba-Gd nuclei with N 〉 82,but not in Hf-Pt nuclei with N 〉 104.We study,for the first time,the dependency of the product（（E（22^＋）/E（21^＋））＊B（E2）↑） on the asymmetry parameterγ0.