Valorization of Agricultural Residues for Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation towards Circular Bioeconomy

Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H2, corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO2eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO2eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.

Market-Oriented Electricity Pricing Mechanism Should be Eagerly Set Up in China

Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.

The impacts of market reform on the market penetration of natural gas-fired electricity and renewable energy in China

Natural gas-fired electricity(NGFE) is expected to play a more important role in the future due to its characteristics of low pollution, high efficiency and flexibility. However, its development in China is impeded by its high regulation price compared with coal power. Market reform is therefore of vital importance to promote the penetration of NGFE. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of market reform and the renewable electricity(RE) subsidy policy on the promotion of NGFE and RE. A dynamic game-theoretic model is developed to analyze the interaction among the NG supplier, the power sector and the power grid. Three scenarios are proposed with different policies, including a fixed regulation price of NG and electricity, real-time pricing(RTP) of NG and electricity, and subsidy targeted at RE. The results show that:(1) market reform can sharply decrease the NG price and consequently promote the development of NGFE and RE;(2) subsidy targeted at RE not only promotes the penetration of NGFE and RE, but also increases the utilization ratio of renewables significantly;(3) market reform and the subsidy also enhance consumers’ welfare by reducing their power consumption expenditure.

Analysis on the Mode and Competitive Strategy of Electricity Sales in the Background of Electric Power System Reform

A new round of reform of the power system conforms to the national development of the energy revolution and the reform of the electricity market system. As an important promoter of the energy revolution and power reform, a new round of power system reform has brought profound changes to the energy industry and the power industry and the electricity market system has changed dramatically. With the release of the electricity market, market competition intensified. This paper analyzes the competition strategy of electricity sales market, analyzes the characteristics of market participants such as power generation enterprises, power grid enterprises, electricity sales companies and users, and puts forward the corresponding coping strategies to help the market participants to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by power system reform, provide guidance and reference for the market participants.

Will Market-Oriented Reforms Propel Technology Progress?Empirical Evidence from China’s High-Tech Sectors

This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.

Reforms in the Chinese Electric Power Sector

This paper summarizes the reforms happened in the Chinese electric power sector in recent years.Although some major measures for the electricity reforms have made progress in a phase sense,including direct trading between major electricity producers and consumers,energy-saving power dispatch and the increase of electricity prices,the deployment of these reforms into practice is facing more difficulties than expected.The author also gives an outlook for the electric power reform in the 12th Five-Year Plan period,and deems that the government may not take substantial steps to reform the electricity system.Reforms on the electricity system will continue in a more moderate manner and focus on electricity prices.

Debates on the Tiered Electricity Pricing Mechanism in China

Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, and concludes that the system would direct subsidies to flow into low income groups, and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by restricting over-consumption of high income groups, without enormous effect on commodity prices. The key to designing the tiered system is how to estimate the amount of electricity use for each tier, so as to avoid excluding low income groups from the subsidy or including high income groups in the subsidy.

Cross-Subsidy in Electricity Tariffs in China

With the incessant development of power market reform,the existing cross-subsidy in electricity tariffs has become a critical problem in China's power industry development.On the basis of the theories of cross-subsidy and electricity universal service,the authors take foreign countries' experience as reference to design several solutions to cross-subsidies in electricity tariffs in different phases of China's power industry development.Furthermore,the application and implementation of these solutions are analyzed in this paper.

电气控制与PLC创新实践型人才培养“三融合”模式构建与实践

培养创新实践型人才,关键在于课程教学的应用型改革。以电气控制与PLC课程为例,强化课程思政引导,构建“教、学、做、思”四维教学体系,采用模块化教学元素和“基础、进阶、拓展、综合”渐进式实验教学方法,结合“理论+实验、线上+线下、虚拟+现实、分工+合作”四元混合式教学模式开展实验教学,形成教学体系、教学方法、教学模式“三融合”模式,引导学生由被动式学习转变为主动式学习。实践证明,“三融合”模式适用于应用型本科院校,效果良好。

电机学虚拟教学辅助平台的开发与探索

电机学课程实践性很强,在电气工程专业具有广泛应用。针对此课程以抽象理论为主、电机综合实验平台数量有限及实验项目和类型相对固定的特点,基于LabVIEW开发了一套电机学虚拟辅助教学系统。该系统实现了电机多模态控制、动态显示结果及多参数任意可调,可应用在理论教学、实验教学及自动控制类科研项目中。实践表明,这种全新的教学辅助平台可以促进教学观念与教学模式的改革,具有重要的实际意义。

《电力机车整备》课程教学改革与实践研究

“教师、教材、教法”改革是目前职业教育改革的热点,其中课程教学改革与实践关系到能否能切实培养出具备行业所需技能和素质的专业人才,满足社会和行业的发展需求,提升教育质量和学生的职业竞争力。以铁道机车运用与维护专业核心课程《电力机车整备》为例,探讨课程改革的设计与实施思路,以期为高职院校铁道类课程教学改革提供思路。

电力市场化改革与全国统一碳市场建设关联协调发展的研究探索——基于交叉补贴和价格传导的双重视角

“电—碳”市场协同发展在推动能源清洁发展、应对气候治理方面具有重要作用,然而当前我国电力市场和碳市场运行相对独立,二者发展协调性亟待提高。鉴于此,基于交叉补贴和价格传导的双重视角,对电力市场中不同类型用户间的电价交叉补贴、电碳市场关联的价格传导效应以及碳市场的价格设计进行细致探讨具有重要理论意义,并且通过探讨设计电碳市场关联协调发展机制如何推动实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要现实意义。具体来讲,电力市场化改革与全国统一碳市场建设关联协调发展可以从三个方面进行研究:第一,基于交叉补贴视角,明晰交叉补贴如何引致能源效率损失并降低社会福利;第二,围绕电力市场化改革和“双碳”目标,探讨电力市场价格扭曲导致的无谓损失如何影响碳排放,进而通过电力价格机制优化实现碳约束目标;第三,聚焦价格传导,在评估电力市场效率基础上考察电碳关联条件下碳价对电价的传导率,对不同场景下碳市场的碳价进行优化设计。深入探讨上述三方面问题将对驱动电力市场和碳市场协同发展,统筹推进碳达峰、碳中和具有重要的理论和现实意义。

基于工程教育认证的评价体系构建及教学模式改革研究——以电工电子学课程为例

工程教育认证基于社会和行业需求,强调面向解决复杂工程问题制定毕业要求,对于优化我国工程人才培养模式、提升人才培养质量和提升专业的行业影响力具有重要意义。以新能源材料与器件专业的工程教育认证为目标,阐述了电工电子学的课程目标与毕业要求指标点的对应关系,构建了面向新能源人才培养的课程目标达成度评价体系。以三个学年的教学结果为例,对课程目标达成度进行分析,提出采取线上线下混合式教学,推进项目式教学和持续调整评价标准等教学改革的对策建议。

基于OBE理念的“电工技术”课程建设与改革研究

“电工技术”课程作为高等学院工程专业的基础课程,扮演着为学生后续专业课程的学习和职业发展奠定基础的重要角色。为满足课程建设和电工技术发展的需求,秉持OBE理念,融合了课堂教学、案例引导和问题探究等多元教学方法,积极探索并实施了对“电工技术”课程的教学改革。将课程的教学目标明确为以学生为中心、以产出为导向,强调学生在课程学习中取得的实际能力和成果,培养具备扎实专业知识、创新思维和实际操作技能的学生,使其能够胜任未来环境领域的挑战,为社会做出积极的贡献。

电气工程专业本科教学中融入思政元素的研讨

随着新技术的不断涌现,电气工程专业的教师在进行学生培养时应该与时俱进。从专业教学角度出发,笔者提出在电气工程专业本科教学中融入思政元素的必要性,研讨在将电气工程专业学生培养成电气工程师时,除了教授学生必要的专业技能知识外,帮助他们树立职业道德的必要性和可行性。笔者从专业课程教授、专业实习以及毕业设计三个方面提出了在电气工程专业本科教学中融入思政元素的思路。

基于案例驱动的“机床电气控制与PLC”教学探索与实践

“机床电气控制与PLC”是机械工程专业课程,随着工业机器人的发展,PLC技术在工业控制系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用,现阶段已经发展成为自动化行业的主流技术之一。本文结合我校应用型大学的办学理念,侧重于学生的实践能力培养,教学过程中以实际工程案例为驱动,将理论应用于实践中,在知识传授的同时,将德育元素融入教学内容,通过课程知识与工程实践联系,推进全员、全过程、全方位育人。