Valorization of Agricultural Residues for Hydrogen-Based Electricity Generation towards Circular Bioeconomy

Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H2, corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO2eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO2eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.

Market-Oriented Electricity Pricing Mechanism Should be Eagerly Set Up in China

Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.

The impacts of market reform on the market penetration of natural gas-fired electricity and renewable energy in China

Natural gas-fired electricity(NGFE) is expected to play a more important role in the future due to its characteristics of low pollution, high efficiency and flexibility. However, its development in China is impeded by its high regulation price compared with coal power. Market reform is therefore of vital importance to promote the penetration of NGFE. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of market reform and the renewable electricity(RE) subsidy policy on the promotion of NGFE and RE. A dynamic game-theoretic model is developed to analyze the interaction among the NG supplier, the power sector and the power grid. Three scenarios are proposed with different policies, including a fixed regulation price of NG and electricity, real-time pricing(RTP) of NG and electricity, and subsidy targeted at RE. The results show that:(1) market reform can sharply decrease the NG price and consequently promote the development of NGFE and RE;(2) subsidy targeted at RE not only promotes the penetration of NGFE and RE, but also increases the utilization ratio of renewables significantly;(3) market reform and the subsidy also enhance consumers’ welfare by reducing their power consumption expenditure.

Analysis on the Mode and Competitive Strategy of Electricity Sales in the Background of Electric Power System Reform

A new round of reform of the power system conforms to the national development of the energy revolution and the reform of the electricity market system. As an important promoter of the energy revolution and power reform, a new round of power system reform has brought profound changes to the energy industry and the power industry and the electricity market system has changed dramatically. With the release of the electricity market, market competition intensified. This paper analyzes the competition strategy of electricity sales market, analyzes the characteristics of market participants such as power generation enterprises, power grid enterprises, electricity sales companies and users, and puts forward the corresponding coping strategies to help the market participants to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by power system reform, provide guidance and reference for the market participants.

Will Market-Oriented Reforms Propel Technology Progress?Empirical Evidence from China’s High-Tech Sectors

This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.

Macroeconomic Impacts of Contemporary Electricity Reform： 19 OECD and Seven Australian States

This paper examines the impacts of market-oriented electricity reform on macroeconomic variables. It develops an ad hoc econometric model for this purpose, using a panel data of 19 developed countries plus seven Australian States for the period of 1970-2008. Significance of the impacts is firstly tested against three distinct institutional features of electricity reform, namely： （1） organizational restructuring （i.e., functional unbundling of traditionally vertically integrated industry）; （2） market restructuring （introduction of mandatory bid-based spot market）; and （3） privatization. The extents of the impacts are, then, quantified in terms of relative contribution of such institutional changes to aggregate output growth in short-run, medium-run and long-run. The results reveal that only functional unbundling has made significant contribution to output growth. The results, further, specify that functional unbundling has made, on average, an additional 0.06% and 2.7% contribution to output growth rate in medium-run and long-run respectively.

Cross-Subsidy in Electricity Tariffs in China

With the incessant development of power market reform,the existing cross-subsidy in electricity tariffs has become a critical problem in China's power industry development.On the basis of the theories of cross-subsidy and electricity universal service,the authors take foreign countries' experience as reference to design several solutions to cross-subsidies in electricity tariffs in different phases of China's power industry development.Furthermore,the application and implementation of these solutions are analyzed in this paper.

Debates on the Tiered Electricity Pricing Mechanism in China

Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, and concludes that the system would direct subsidies to flow into low income groups, and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by restricting over-consumption of high income groups, without enormous effect on commodity prices. The key to designing the tiered system is how to estimate the amount of electricity use for each tier, so as to avoid excluding low income groups from the subsidy or including high income groups in the subsidy.

Reforms in the Chinese Electric Power Sector

This paper summarizes the reforms happened in the Chinese electric power sector in recent years.Although some major measures for the electricity reforms have made progress in a phase sense,including direct trading between major electricity producers and consumers,energy-saving power dispatch and the increase of electricity prices,the deployment of these reforms into practice is facing more difficulties than expected.The author also gives an outlook for the electric power reform in the 12th Five-Year Plan period,and deems that the government may not take substantial steps to reform the electricity system.Reforms on the electricity system will continue in a more moderate manner and focus on electricity prices.

电气控制与PLC创新实践型人才培养“三融合”模式构建与实践

培养创新实践型人才,关键在于课程教学的应用型改革。以电气控制与PLC课程为例,强化课程思政引导,构建“教、学、做、思”四维教学体系,采用模块化教学元素和“基础、进阶、拓展、综合”渐进式实验教学方法,结合“理论+实验、线上+线下、虚拟+现实、分工+合作”四元混合式教学模式开展实验教学,形成教学体系、教学方法、教学模式“三融合”模式,引导学生由被动式学习转变为主动式学习。实践证明,“三融合”模式适用于应用型本科院校,效果良好。

“新工科”背景下电气工程专业课程实验教学改革研究

新工科建设背景下,为满足电气工程专业课程实验教学体系改革优化的需求,该文首先对电气工程专业实验教学现状进行分析,总结当前实验教学中存在的问题和不足,并分析实验教学的发展趋势;然后针对实验教学内容、实验平台、教学模式、实验室管理、评价体系探究改革方向和措施;最后以电力电子探究性实验教学为例,介绍各改革方向在浙江大学电气学院专业实验教学中的应用案例,从而为电气工程类专业课程探究性实验教学改革提供理论和实践参考。

“电机与电气控制技术”课程教学改革实践探索

“电机与电气控制技术”课程是电气自动化专业的一门核心课程。根据其课程特点和学情特点,教学团队应从设计思路、内容选取、任务实施、考核评价四个方面对该课程进行改革。教学实践证明,以学生为中心的项目化教学,能充分发挥学生的主观能动性,取得良好的教学效果。

技能型社会视野下“电力拖动自动控制系统”课程教学改革

随着智能化社会的快速发展,对高技术含量人才培养的要求越来越高,大学生工匠精神的培育是时代发展的迫切需求。以此为逻辑出发点,以“电力拖动自动控制系统”课程为例,从教学内容、教学方法及考评方式方面,深入剖析课堂教学改革所面临的现实问题及教学改革的可行性,立足课堂教学本身,以社会需求为导向,从教学目标、教学内容和课程评价体系等方面提出课程的改革思路,从而提高学生的综合能力,使其成为当今社会发展的中流砥柱。

新工科背景下电工电子类实践教学体系探索与实践

为了满足新时代高校人才培养工作的新形势新要求,山东农业大学电工电子实验教学中心以“虚实结合、相互补充、能实不虚、层次递进”的实践教学体系和模式为指导,以实践育人为宗旨,以提高科学素养和创新实践能力为目标,通过优化人才培养方案、改革实践教学模式、完善考评体系、强化实践师资队伍建设等方式,构建了面向学生创新实践能力培养的电工电子类实践教学体系。实践表明,该体系突出了学生在学习和实践中的主体地位,在基础工程、综合实践和创新研究等方面的能力得到全方位提升。

电机学虚拟教学辅助平台的开发与探索

电机学课程实践性很强,在电气工程专业具有广泛应用。针对此课程以抽象理论为主、电机综合实验平台数量有限及实验项目和类型相对固定的特点,基于LabVIEW开发了一套电机学虚拟辅助教学系统。该系统实现了电机多模态控制、动态显示结果及多参数任意可调,可应用在理论教学、实验教学及自动控制类科研项目中。实践表明,这种全新的教学辅助平台可以促进教学观念与教学模式的改革,具有重要的实际意义。

《电力机车整备》课程教学改革与实践研究

“教师、教材、教法”改革是目前职业教育改革的热点,其中课程教学改革与实践关系到能否能切实培养出具备行业所需技能和素质的专业人才,满足社会和行业的发展需求,提升教育质量和学生的职业竞争力。以铁道机车运用与维护专业核心课程《电力机车整备》为例,探讨课程改革的设计与实施思路,以期为高职院校铁道类课程教学改革提供思路。

电力市场化改革与全国统一碳市场建设关联协调发展的研究探索——基于交叉补贴和价格传导的双重视角

“电—碳”市场协同发展在推动能源清洁发展、应对气候治理方面具有重要作用,然而当前我国电力市场和碳市场运行相对独立,二者发展协调性亟待提高。鉴于此,基于交叉补贴和价格传导的双重视角,对电力市场中不同类型用户间的电价交叉补贴、电碳市场关联的价格传导效应以及碳市场的价格设计进行细致探讨具有重要理论意义,并且通过探讨设计电碳市场关联协调发展机制如何推动实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要现实意义。具体来讲,电力市场化改革与全国统一碳市场建设关联协调发展可以从三个方面进行研究:第一,基于交叉补贴视角,明晰交叉补贴如何引致能源效率损失并降低社会福利;第二,围绕电力市场化改革和“双碳”目标,探讨电力市场价格扭曲导致的无谓损失如何影响碳排放,进而通过电力价格机制优化实现碳约束目标;第三,聚焦价格传导,在评估电力市场效率基础上考察电碳关联条件下碳价对电价的传导率,对不同场景下碳市场的碳价进行优化设计。深入探讨上述三方面问题将对驱动电力市场和碳市场协同发展,统筹推进碳达峰、碳中和具有重要的理论和现实意义。